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BX  8909  .N4  1884 


Encyclopaedia  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church  in  th« 


ENCYCLOPEDIA 


PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH 


IX   THE 


United  States  of  America: 


INCLUDING  THE  NORTHEKX  AXD  SOUTHERN   ASSESIBLIES. 


ALFRED   NEVIN,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Editor, 


ASSISTED  BY 

B.  M.  SMITH,  D.D.,  ELLIOTT  E.  SWIFT,  D.D., 

W.  E.  SCHENCK,  D.D.,  M.  B.  GRIER,  D.D., 

L.  G.  BARBOUR,  D.D.,  j    E.  P.  HUMPHREY,  D.D.,  LL.D., 

B.  M.  PALMER,  D.D.,  J.  W.  DULLES,  D.D., 


WM.  BLACKWOOD,  D.D.,  LL.D., 
J.  RUMPLE,  D.D., 


J.  B.  STRATTON,  D.D., 
R.  M.  PATTERSON,  D.D., 


T.  L.  CUYLER,  D.D.,  |    J.  I.  BROWXSON,  D.D., 

AND   OTHER  EMINENT  3UNISTEKS  OF  THE  CHURCH. 


Including  a  Description  of  the  Historic  Decorations  of  the  Pan  Prestiyterian  Council  of  1880, 
By  REV.  HENRY  C.  McCOOK,  D.  D.,  LL.  D. 


IVa/i  about  Zion,  and  go  round  about  her :  till  the  towers  thereof.     Mark  ye  well  her  bulwarks,  consider  her 
palaces,  that  ye  may  tell  it  to  the  generation  following— Vs\\.^l  XLVIII,  12,  13. 


Entered  according  to  act  of  Congress,  in  the  ye«r  i884,  bt  D.  fl.  e.  n.,  for  the  Pressyteihan  Encyclopaedi*  Publishing  Co;, 
IN  THE  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  congress  at  Washington,  d,  C. 


PHILADELPHIA: 

PRESBYTERIAN   PUBLISHING    CO., 
No.  15 10  Chestnut  Street. 


INDEX. 


HISTORICAL  TABLETS. 


Scotland, Page     88 


i\ 


Ireland,      

England  and  Wales,  . 

Holland, 

Germany 

Italy,  

France,  

Switzerland, 

Hungary 

Bohemia  and  Moravia,    . 
De!5criptive  References, 


212 

426 

53° 
620 

730 
830 

932 
1050 


1249 


Memory  Tablels. 

The  reverse  side 
of  these  Takleis 
can  be  used  to  re- 
cord itemsdeemed 
worthy  of  perma- 
nent preservation 
in  the  family. 


7 


PEEFACE. 


The  Excyclop.edia  was  undertaken  witli  the  conviction  that  such  a 
thcf^aurus  of  intelligence  is  not  only  a  need,  but  also  the  desire  of  the 
Church  which  it  repi  3sents.  It  is  the  fruit  of  much  labor.  The  prepara- 
tion of  it  has  involvu^i  more  toil  and  2)atience  than  any  one,  perhaps,  can 
adequately  estimate,  who  h  .s  not  had  experience  in  such  work.  After 
thorough  reflection,  it  wns,  for  reasons  deemed  satisfactory,  determined  by  the 
publishers  to  make  it  consist  of  but  one  volume.  The  only  regret  felt  in 
reaching  this  decision  was  that  the  book,  though  designed  to  be  large,  would 
not  be  sufficiently  so  to  embrace  full  notices  of  many  ministers  and  elders 
well  deserving  a  place  on  its  pages.  This  regret,  however,  finally  yielded  to 
a  sense  of  necessity,  which  seemed  to  be  imperative,  unless  the  work  should  be 
made  so  voluminous  as  to  be  inconvenient  for  ready  reference,  and  so  expen- 
sive a.s  to  prevent  its  general  circulation.  It  was,  also,  greatly  mitigated  by 
the  consideration  that,  although  distinct  sketches  of  persons  and  places  would 
have  to  be  to  some  extent  limited  in  their  range,  yet  the  incidental  notices  in 
the  narratives,  of  those  not  thus  formally  delineated,  would  be  so  numerous  as 
to  fill  up  the  measure  of  general  comprehensiveness. 

The  strictest  accuracy  has  been  steadily  kept  in  view  in  the  construction  of 
the  volume,  and  the  highest  degree  of  this,  it  is  trusted,  has  been  attained, 
which  could  be  expected,  in  view  of  the  loss  or  faded  condition  of  some 
important  records,  the  vagueness  of  traditions,  and  the  difficult  legibility  of 
not  a  few  of  the  manuscripts  in  which  material  for  the  work  was  communi- 
cated. In  regard  to  the  precise  date  and  locality  of  the  origin  of  Presbyteri- 
anism  in  our  country,  the  editor  has  preferred  not  to  assume  the  responsibility 
of  deciding,  and  has,  therefore,  presented  such  evidence  touching  the  several 
aspects  of  this  question  as  his  own  research  supplied  or  his  contributors 
furnished,  leaving  his  readers  to  draw  such  conclusions  from  it  as,  in  their 
judgment,  may  be  warranted. 

A  grateful  acknowledgment  is  here  made  of  very  kind  and  valuable  aid 
received  from  our  Assistants,  and  from  many  brethren  in  the  ministry  and  in 
the  eldership,  in  every  section  of  the  country.     Special  obligation  is  also  felt, 


PnEFACE. 


ill  this  rt'spect,  to  the  Rev.  Dr.  B.  B.  WarfieM,  the  Rev.  S.  J.  M.  Eaton,  i».  n., 
IVnii.s^'lvania;  Prof.  J.  F.  Baiid,  liitliaua;  the  Rev.  A.  L.  Liiidsley,  i).  D., 
Oregon;  the  Rev.  C.  A.  Stillnian,  d.  d.,  Ahil)aina ;  the  Rev.  Dr.  W.  A. 
Scott  and  the  Rev.  Dr.  S.  P.  Spreeher,  California;  the  Rev.  Dr.  James 
('.  Moffat  and  the  Rev.  A.  A.  Hodge,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  New  Jersey  ;  the  Rev. 
\V.  E.  Monre,  D.  d.,  and  tlie  Rev.  Anson  Smytli,  d.  n.,  Ohio;  Sheldon  Jack- 
son, I).  D.,  Henry  J.  Van  Dyke,  Sr.,  d.  d.,  and  C.  W.  Baird,  i>.  D.,  New  York  ; 
the  Rev.  Samuel  Hodge,  d.  d.,  and  the  Rev.  A.  T.  Norton,  d.  d.,  Illinois;  the 
Rev.  J.  Aspinwall  Hodge,  u.  d.,  Ojnneetieut,  and  the  Rev.  Stephen  Yerkes,  d.  d., 
Kentucky. 

In  (jrdcr  to  add  to  the  completeness  ot"  the  ExcvcLur.EDiA,  the  editor 
availed  himself  freely  of  all  appropriate  material  within  his  reach,  without 
feeling  it  to  he  neceasary  to  give  specific  credit,  in  every  instance,  to  the 
.sources  of  information  thus  laid  under  tribute.  Notwithstanding  imperfec- 
tion.s,  from  which  it  does  not  claim  to  be  exem{)t,  he  will  be  more  than  satisfied 
if  its  acceptableness  and  usefulness  but  correspond  with  his  design  and  desire. 
With  its  absolute  silence  on  ecclesiastical  severances,  from  whatever  cause,  few, 
if  any,  he  cannot  but  think,  will,  after  due  consideration,  feel  like  finding  fault. 
The  work  has,  he  feels  a.ssured,  this  great  advantage,  that  its  interest  as  a 
record  of  the  pa.st,  instead  of  being  abated,  will  be  augmented  by  the  fiight 
of  3'ears.  The  pre])aration  of  it,  though  retjuiring  long  and  earnest  ettbrt,  has 
given  him  great  pleasure;  and  he  most  heartily  hopes  that,  untler  God's 
blessing,  it  may  serve  to  attract  the  branches  of  the  Church  which  the  two 
Assemblies  represent  into  the  closer  fellowship  wiiieh  their  e<»mmon  Faith 
and  (lovernment,  ancestry  and  aim,  demand,  and  to  make  every  Presbyterian 
into  whose  hands  it  may  come,  not  only  more  grateful  for  the  Church's  grand 
hi.story,  but  more  jirayerful  and  active  that  her  future  may  be  signalized  with 
ever-growing  succi'ss,  both  at  home  and  abroad,  in  securing  the  triumph  of  the 
Redeemer's  kingdom. 

Alkred  Nevix. 

Piiii.AiiEi.riiiA,  April  1,  1884. 


CALVIN. 


CALVIN. 


ejoH::N"  o^Lvi^. 


The  Illustrious  Reformer  was  born  at  Noyon, 
in  Ficarily,  on  tlie  10th  of  July,  1.509,  and  died  at 
Geneva  on  the  27th  of  May,  1564.  His  lather,  Ger- 
hard, whose  name  was  Chaiiriii,  but  was  afterwards 
Latinized  by  his  sou  into  tlie  more  euphonious 
shape  of  Cdlcinufi,  or  Calvin,  was  Procureur  Fiscal, 
of  the  lordship  of  Xoyon,  and  Secret;iry  of  the  diocese. 
He  was  a  man  of  powerful  understanding,  and  by  his 
judicious,  i)rudcnt  and  upright  conduct,  won  the  re- 
gard of  the  nobility  of  tlie  district.  His  mother  Wius 
Anna  Franke,  of  Cambray,  of  whom  it  is  said,  that 
"her  feelings  were  colored  by  tlie  age  in  which  she 
lived,  and  tliat  she  was  animated  by  an  anxious 
piety.  Faith  was  early  awakened  in  her  heart.  She 
had  been  taught  to  pray  under  the  open  sky,  a  blessed 
means  of  imi^ressing  upon  young  minds  a  feeling  of 
the  presence  of  God." 

Of  the  outward  apjjearance  of  young  Calvin,  desti- 
tute as  we  are  of  information,  we  can  say  little. 
Beza,  who  knew  best  how  to  describe  him  correctly, 
says,  "  He  was  of  middle  stature,  somewhat  pale, 
his  skin  was  rather  brown,  and  his  clear,  sparkling 
eyes  gave  token  of  his  keen,  lively  spirit,  and  this 
even  till  his  death.  In  his  dress  he  was  very  neat, 
but  without  ornament, as  became  his  great  simplicity. ' " 
He  was  educated  with  the  children  of  the  noble 
family  of  Mommor,  the  most  honorable  in  the  dis- 
trict. In  his  twelfth  year,  his  father,  who  was  not 
rich,  procured  for  him  an  appointment  in  the  Cliapelle 
lie  la  Ge/iine.  He  destined  him  to  the  study  of 
theology,  because,  in  his  tender  years,  he  had  mani- 
fested extraordinary  piety,  and  was  a  sharp  reprover 
of  the  follies  of  his  schoolfellows,  but  afterwards 
changed  his  intentions. 

Calvin  was  sent  by  his  lather,  with  the  younger 
members  of  the  Mommor  family,  to  the  high  school 
at  Paris.  Here  he  found  Maturnius  Cordier,  who 
afterwarels  aly'ured  popery,  and  for  whose  learned 
and  pious  instructions  he  entertained  the  most  sin- 
cere and  grateful  recollection.  From  the  CulJige  de 
la  JIarche  he  passed  to  the  Collige  Montaiiju,  where  he 
met  with  a  Spaniard,  who  taught  the  scholastic  philoso- 
phy, and  greatlj-  improved  his  excellent  cajjacity.  The 
extraordinary  gifts  of  the  young  man  were  here  strik- 
ingly displayed.  His  mind  was  so  active  that  he 
soon  left  all  his  fellow-students  behind,  and  was  able 
to  jiass  from  the  language  classes  to  those  of  dialectics 
and  the  higher  sciences.  At  this  time  he  became 
first  acquainted  with  a  Bible.  It  was  that,  perhaps, 
of  Fal)er  Stapulensis,  or  the  still  uuprinted  transla- 
tion oi  Robert  Olivetanus,  his  relation.  Heat  that 
time  understood  neither  Greek  nor  Hebrew,  although 
he  had  preached.  But  no  sooner  did  he  discover  the 
errors  of  tlie  Catholic  Church,  than  he  resigned  his 
benefice. 


I  Calvin  then,  at  the  suggestion  of  his  father,  studied 
law  at  the  Universities  of  Orleans  and  Bourges,  and  in 
1532  returned  to  Paris,  a  decided  convert  to  the  Ke- 
formed  faith.  Compelled  to  fly  from  Paris  in  1533, 
after  various  wanderings  he  found  a  protector  in 
Margaret,  Queen  of  Navarre.  In  the  following  year 
he  went  to  Ba.sel,  and  there  completed  and  published 
his  great  work,  the  "  Institutes  of  the  Christian  Re- 
ligion." After  a  short  stay  at  Ferrara  he  went,  in 
1536,  to  Geneva,  where  reform  had  just  Ix-en  e.s- 
tablished,  and  there,  on  the  pressing  entn'aties  of 
Farel  and  his  friends,  he  remained.  In  1538  Calvin 
and  Farel  were  expelled  from  Geneva,  in  con- 
sequence of  some  changes  introduced  by  them,  and 
Calvin  went  first  to  Berne  and  then  to  Stras- 
burg.  lu  1540,  he  was  invited  to  return  to 
Geneva.  He  at  first  declined,  but,  at  length, 
solicited  by  the  councils,  and  by  the  ministers 
and  inhabitants  of  the  city,  he  left  Strasburg, 
in  the  Spring  of  1541,  with  an  understanding  that  he 
should  speedily  return,  and  was  received  with  trans- 
port at  Geneva.  Active  and  energetic,  zealous  and 
persevering,  Calvin  instantly  commenced  the  work 
of  reformation.  The  ecclesiastical  laws  he  assisted 
in  revising,  the  ordinances  he  altered,  and  before  the 
year  had  closed,  this  work  of  usefulness  was  accom- 
plished, and  approved  by  a  general  council.  Those 
laws  were  as  efficient  and  salutary  as  they  were  wise 
and  eciuitable.  At  this  time  he  wrote  a  catechism, 
which  was  translated  into  various  lauguages,  and 
met  with  general  approbation.  He  also  published 
a  "  Commentary  on  the  Epistle  to  Titus,"  and  dedi- 
cated it  to  his  old  friends  Viret  and  Farel.  His 
labors  now  rapidly  increased.  He  preached  nearly 
every  day,  he  lectured  very  frequently  in  theology, 
presided  at  meetings,  instructed  churches,  and 
defended  the  Protestant  faith  in  works  celebrated  tor 
their  perspicuity  and  genius.  Nor  was  he  less  active 
in  his  duties  as  a  citizen  than  as  a  tlieologiau,  or 
a  minister  of  Jesus  Clirist.  In  1.543  he  composed  a 
liturgy  for  the  C'liureh  at  Geneva.  He  also  wrote  a 
work  on  the  necessity  of  a  reformation  in  the  Church, 
and  exposed  the  absurdities  of  a  frivolous  translation 
of  the  Bible,  by  Castalio,  in  the  compilation  of  which 
fancy  had  been  consulted  at  the  expense  of  truth,  and 
sound  in.stead  of  sense.  The  enemies  to  the  Reform- 
ation were  numerous  and  iiotent  when  combined,  but 
singly  they  were  nothing.  The  truth  of  this  remark 
was  felt  by  Calvin,  and  he,  therefore,  refuted  tlie 
various  works  of  the  enemies  as  they  appear<'<l.  Thus 
he  answered  Albert  Pighius. 

But  his  efl'orts  were  not  all  controversial.  Ho 
established  at  Geneva  a  seminary  for  the  education 
of  pious  young  men  in  the  Protestant  faith,  who,  by 
their  future  ministrations,  should  extend  the  borders 


CALVIN. 


CALVIN. 


oltlio  true  Church,  and  in  that  great  work  of  nse- 
I'uluess  he  was  assisted  by  the  celebrated  Beza.  At 
that  time  also,  the  Waldenses,  iuhabiting  the 
C'abriers  and  other  places,  who  were  persecuted  by 
order  of  the  Parliament  of  Aquitaine,  and  who  fled 
to  Geneva,  found  in  Calvin  a  sincere  and  zealous 
friend.  He  vindicated  in  public  their  cause  and  in 
private  their  necessities.  In  tlie  year  1.546,  the  efforts 
of  Calvin  were  various,  though  jiainful.  Charles  V, 
who  was  a  determined  enemy  to  the-  Protestant 
religion,  had  alarmed  some  by  his  threats,  and  cor- 
rupted others  by  his  promises.  Calvin  exerted  him- 
self to  counteract  all  his  efforts.  But  this  was  not 
all.  Wliilst  some  were  lukewarm  at  Geneva,  others 
were  additionally  profligate.  To  convert  and  con- 
vince them,  he  labored  with  incessant  anxiety, 
though  with  but  inadequate  success.  In  1547,  whilst 
Germany  was  the  scene  of  war  and  France  the  theatre 
of  persecution,  Calvin  wrote  his  "  L' Antidote," 
being  a  contTover.sial  work  on  the  doctrine  of  the 
flr.st  seven  sections  of  the  council  of  Trent,  and  also 
■  ■  A  Warning  Letter  to  the  Church  of  Rouen, ' '  against 
the  doctrines  of  a  ilonk  who  taught  the  Gnostic  and 
Autinomian  heresies,  lu  the  same  year,  he  also  con- 
tinued his  piistojal  duties,  and  proceeded  in  the 
composition  of  his  "Commentaries  on  Paul's 
Epistles."  In  1.548,  Beza  retired  to  Geneva,  and, 
with  Calvin,  formed  future  plans  of  yet  more  extended 
and  important  usefulness.  Calvin,  accompanied  by 
Farel,  in  the  following  year  Wsited  the  Swiss  churches, 
and  wrote  two  very  able  and  learned  letters  to  Socinius, 
the  founder  of  the  sect  called  Socinians.  In  15.50 
he  assisted  yet  further  in  the  work  of  reformation, 
by  obtaining  the  direction  of  the  Consistory  at  Geneva, 
for  the  communication  of  private  as  well  as  public 
religious  instruction  to  its  iubabita,nts,  and  for  a 
total  disregard  by  every  one  of  all  feast  and  saint  days. 
The  next  year  was  less  favorable  to  the  peace  of 
Calvin.  A  controversy  on  the  doctrine  of  predesti- 
nation agitated  the  Church,  the  enemies  of  Calvin 
misrepresented  his  sentiments,  and  endeavored  to 
excite  a  general  antipathy,  not  merely  to  his  doctrines, 
bnt  al.so  to  his  person.  But  Providence  rendered 
their  attempts  abortive. 

Calvin  is  accused  by  his  enemies  of  having  at  this 
time  acted  with  a  tyrannical  and  persecuting  spirit 
towards  the  heretical  Servetus.  In  regard  to  this 
period  of  his  history,  it  has  well  been  observed,  that 
Papistical  pamphleteers,  swallowing  the  entire  his- 
tory of  the  Inquisition,  and  straining  at  this  one 
execution  for  heresy,  present  a  ludicrous  insbince  of 
liypocrisy,  as  they  come  forth,  with  pious  mien,  to 
declaim  and  rave  against  the  cruelty  of  Calvin.  But 
the  case  may  lie  far  more  satisfactorily  vindicated 
than  by  contrasting  it  with  worse  and  numerous  in- 
stiinces  in  which  the  very  cruelty  complained  of  Wivs 
disphiyed.  "  Tlie  execution  of  Servetus,  so  often 
made  a  stigma  upon  our  noble  Reformer,"  says  Dr. 
Paul  Henry,  of  Berlin,  "shows  chiefly  that  Cahin 


six>od  above  his  contemporaries.  He  had  done  every- 
thing, trying  to  rescue  that  restless  company  of 
spirits  who  would  destroy  the  Reformation.  Let  us 
approach  this  error  of  Calvin's  life.  We  stand  before 
the  council  with  him  and  Servetus,  he  seeking  to  ex- 
l)Ose  error.  For,  as  Servetus  exclaims,  '  Everything  is 
I  God!'  Cal\-in  replies,  '  What,  do  you  mean  to  .say  that 
the  floor  on  which  we  tread  is  God  ?  And  what  if  I 
ask  if  Satan  is  also  really  God  ? '  Servetus  rejoins 
with  a  mocking  laugh,  '  Well,  do  you  not  believe 
that  ?  '  Servetus  addressed  the  triune  God  with  hor- 
rible names  of  bla-sphemy,  calling  Him  a  hell-hound. 
Nor  to  the  hist  did  he  cea.se  to  re\'ile  what  was  holy. 
Calvin  continued  in  liis  patient  endeavor  to  refute 
and  admonish  him.  While  Calvin  was  of  the  opinion 
that  the  council  acted  rightly,  yet  it  is  certain  tliat 
he  did  not  influence  their  procedure  in  sentepcing 
Servetus.  He  challenged  Servetus  to  come  forward  • 
openly  and  establish  his  assertions.  He  also  entreated 
the  council  not  to  put  Servetus  to  death  by  fire.  Yet 
it  was  Calvin  upon  whom  Servetus  had  vented  his 
fury. 

The  gentle  Melancthon,  on  the  other  hand,  loudly 
said  that  the  council's  way  of  sentencing  the  blas- 
phemer was  correct.  Calvin  afterwards  evidently 
was  in  doubt  about  the  whole  affair  in  which  he, 
years  before,  had  taken  part,  following  the  sentiment 
of  his  age.  His  judgment  grew  lenient  beyond  wh:it 
was  usual  among  even  cultivated  minds  in  that 
century.  The  spirit  of  toleration,  the  natural  result 
of  gospel  principles  and  liberty  of  conscience,  rose  in 
the  Reformed  Church  sooner  than  in  any  other. 

"On  the  27th  of  October,  1853,  Servetus  had  been 
dead  three  hundred  years.  Tlie  people  of  Geneva 
went  up  to  Chappel,  the  hill-side  where  the  a.shes  of 
Servetus  had  been  strewn,  and  observed  the  day  be- 
fore the  Lord,  honoring  Christian  toleration  and 
liberty  of  conscience,  and  begging  forgiveness,  in  the 
name  of  the  old  council,  respecting  Servetus,  eve.n 
though  he  was  guilty  of  transgression.  "But  to  Cal- 
•fin,  who  has  been  censured  unjustly,  and  made  to 
bear  the  burden  of  others'  errors,  was  decreed  a  statue 
before  the  Cathedral  of  St.  Peter's.*  For  from  Calvin 
proceeded  a  free,  sublime  and  sanctified  Christian 
culture,  which  will  work  beneficially  uiion  mankind 
as  long  as  the  stupendous  Alps  stand  in  all  their 
splendor." 

About  this  time  Calvin  w;us  mucli  affected  by  the 
persecution  of  his  friend  and  fellow-laborer,  Farel, 
for  having  condemned  the  immorality  of  the  Gene- 
vese,  and  was  almost  incessantly  occupied  in  acts  of 
kindness  to  the  persecuted  Protestants,  who,  on  the 
death  of  Edward,  king  of  England,  had  been  coni- 
pelled  to  quit  the  country.  He  w;is  also  engaged  in 
wTiting  liis  "  Commentary  on  the  Gospel  of  John." 
Nor  could  the  spirit  of  bigotry  and  persecution,  which 

*  It  wiw  finitUy  drrcidfd  by  Geneva,  .\t  Calvin's  Ter-cent»^nary,  to 
erect,  instead  of  tho  statue,  a  memoriat  hall.  This  has  been  built — 
a  spacious  edifice,  capable  of  accommodating  two  thousand  p^-reons. 


CALVIN. 


CALVIN. 


prevailed  in  Englanil  fail  of  attracting  his  attention.  ,  ness  which  he  had  experienced  at  its  hands,  and 
He  communiciited  with  the  suflerei-s,  both  in  England  !  especially  for  the  friendship  which  had  been  shown 
and  France,  and  was  indefatigable  in  rooting  up  all  \  him  iluring  his  last  illness.  "  For  I  feel,''  he  said 
heresies  which  then  disturbed  the  peace  of  the  Church,  i  "  that  this  is  the  last  time  that  I  shall  stand  here." 
Towards  the  close  of  the  year  Cahin  visited  Frank-  :  These  words  were  uttered  in  a  voice  scarcely  audible, 
fort,  for  the  purpose  of  terminatiug  the  controversy  !  and  he  immediately  took  his  leave  of  the  council,  the 
as  to  the  Lord's  Supper,  which  had  been  .so  long  agi-  members  of  which  were  moved  to  tears.  On  the 
tated.  He  returned  to  Geneva,  much  indisposed,  i  ^d  of  April,  which  was  Ea,ster-day,  he  was  carried  to 
but  devoted  his  time  to  writing  his  "Commentary  ou  |  church  in  a  chair.  He  remained  during  the  whole 
the  Psalms,"  and  to  active,  energetic  and  successful  '  sermon,  and  received  the  sacrament  from  the  hand 
exertions,  through  the  medium  of  German  ambassa-  \  of  Beza.     He  even  joined,  though  with  a  trembling 


dors,  on  behalf  of  the  Protestants  at  Paris,  who  in 
that  year  (1.5.5.5)  were  unjustly  and  inhumanly  per- 
secuted. At  this  time,  a  sect  called  the  Ti-itheists, 
headed  by  Geutilis,  who  believed  that  God  consisted 


voice,  the  congregation  in  the  last  hymn,  '"  Lord,  lot 
Thy  servant  dei>art  in  peace,"  his  countenance  beam- 
ing with  the  smile  of  Christian  joyfulness.  April 
■2.5th  he  made  his  will,  in  which,  after  declaring  his 


not  merely  of  three  distinct  persons,  but  also  of  three  '  belief,  and  eommeudlng  himself  to  the  mercy  of  God, 


distinct  essences,  was  revived,  and  Calvin  directed 
his  attention  to  a  refutation  of  the  system.  In  the 
succeeding  year  he  proposed  the  establishment  of  a 
college  at  Geneva,  for  the  education  of  youth,  and  in 
three  years  his  wishes  were  accomplished,  and  him- 
self was  elected  to  the  situation  of  Professor  of 
Divinity,  jointly  with  Claudius  Pontius.  This  col- 
lege afterwards  beaime  eminently  useful,  and  was 
much  distinguished  for  the  learned  and  pious  men 
who  emanated  from  it.  In  the  same  and  the  fol- 
lowing year  Calvin  was  presented  with  the  freedom 
of  the  city  of  Geneva,  reprinted  his  "  Christian  In- 
stitutes," as  well  in  French  as  Latin,  prepared  for 
the  press  his  "Commentary  on  Isaiah,"  and  com- 
bated, with  success,  a  new  heresy  which  had  arisen, 
as  to  the  mediatorial  character  of  Christ.  In  1561 
Calvin  was  summoned  before  the  Council  of  Geneva, 
at  the  desire  of  Charles  IX,  as,  being  an  enemy  to 
France  and  her  king.  But  on  examination  it  ap- 
peared that  the  only  charge  which  could  be  estab- 
lished against  him  was  that  of  having  sent  Protestant 
missionaries  to  that  kingdom.  Soon  afterwards  he 
published  his  " Commentary  on  Daniel,"  and  much 
interested  himself  on  behalf  of  the  Protestants  in 
France,  who  were  then  persecuted  by  the  Duke  of 
Guise.  In  1562  his  health  rapidly  declined,  and  he 
was  compelled  to  restrict  his  labors  to  Geneva  and 
his  study     But  in  this  and  the  following  year  he 


he  disposed,  in  the  whole,  of  $235.  On  AprU  30th 
the  Senators,  whom  he  desired  to  see,  proceeded  in 
solemn  procession  from  the  council  chamber  to  his 
house,  where  they  a.ssembled  around  him,  and,  after 
collecting  all  his  strength,  he  delivered  to  them  a 
most  impressive  address.  On  the  28th  of  April, 
when  all  the  ministers  of  the  Genevese  territory  were 
assembled  at  his  house,  according  to  his  wish,  he  also 
addressed  them  in  tender  and  solemn  terms.  He 
then  extended  his  right  hand  to  each,  "and  we  went 
from  him,"  says  Beza,  "  with  very  heavy  hearts  and 
wet  eyes."  Having  learned  ou  the  2d  of  May,  by  a 
letter  from  Farel,  that  that  now  aged  man,  thinking 
more  of  his  sick  friend  than  of  himself,  proposed 
making  a  journey  to  Geneva,  Calvin  wrote  to  him  the 
following  letter,  in  Latin  :  '  Farewell,  my  best  and 
most  fiiithful  brother.  Since  it  is  God's  will  that 
you  should  survive  me,  live  in  the  constant  recollec- 
tion of  our  union,  which,  in  so  far  as  it  was  useful  to 
the  Church  of  God,  will  still  bear  for  us  abiding  fruit 
in  heaven.  I  wish  you  not  to  fatigue  yourself  on 
ray  account.  My  breath  is  weak,  and  I  continually 
expect  it  to  leave  me.  It  is  enough  for  me  that  I 
live  and  die  in  Christ,  who  is  gain  to  His  people,  both 
in  life  and  in  death.  Once  more  farewell,  with  the 
brethren. ' 

"  The  few  remaining  days  of  his  life,"  says  Beza, 
"Calvin  spent  in  almost  constant  prayer.      So  weak, 


lectured  on  the  doctrine  of  the  Trinity,  completed  I  however,  was  his  voice,  through  the  shortness  of  his 


his  "Commentaries  on  the  Books  of  Moses  and 
Joshua,"  and  published  his  celebrated  "Answers  to 
the  Deputies  of  the  Sjmod  of  Lyons. ' ' 

In  1564  Calvin's  health  became  gradually  worse, 
but  yet  he  insisted  on  performing  as  many  of  his 
duties  as  his  strength  would  possibly  allow.  On  the 
6th  of  February  he  preached  his  last  sermon,  already 
much  affected  by  a  cough.  March  27th,  though  his 
feeble  frame  was  much  exhausted,  he  desired  to  be 
Ciirried  to  the  door  of  the  council  chamber.  He 
ascended  the  steps  leading  to  the  hall,  supported  by 
two  attendants,  and  there,  having  proposed  to  the 
Senate  a  new  rector  for  the  school,  he  took  off  his 


breath,  that  for  the  most  part  his  sighs  onlj-  were 
audible.  But  his  eyes  shone  bright  to  the  last,  and  he 
raised  them  to  heaven  with  such  an  expression  that  it 
was  easy  to  learn  from  them  the  fervor  of  his  prayer. 
He  frequently  repeated,  in  his  agony,  with  profound 
sighs,  the  words  of  David,  '  Lord,  I  opened  not  my 
mouth,  for  it  was  Thy  doing'  :  and  from  time  to 
time  those  of  Isaiah,  '  I  mourn  as  a  dove. '  I  have 
also  heard  that  he  said,  '  Thou  dost  sorely  afflict  me, 
O  Lord:  but  it  is  consolation  enough  for  me,  audi 
suffer  it  willingly,  since  it  is  Thine  hand. ' 

"  The  day, "  continues  Beza,   "  on  which  he  died, 
namely  May  27th,  he  seemed  to  suffer  less,  and  even 


skull-cap  and  thanked  the  assembly  for  the  kind-  !  to  speak  with   greater   ease,  but  this  was  the  last 


CALriX. 


CALVIN. 


effort  of  nature.  lu  the  evening,  about  eight  o'clock, 
the  sure  signs  of  death  became  suddenly  apiiareut. 
As  soon  as  this  was  made  known  to  me.  and  to  one 
of  the  brethren,  by  the  servants,  I  hastened  to  the 
bedside,  and  found  him  as  he  quietly  expired;  neither 
feet  nor  hands  were  convulsed;  he  had  not  even 
breathed  hard.  He  had  retained  his  consciousness 
and  reason  to  the  end.  Even  his  voice  was  preserved 
till  his  last  breath,  and  he  looked  rather  like  one 
sleeping  than  one  dead.  Thus  on.  this  day,  with  the 
setting  sun,  the  brightest  light  in  tlie  world,  and  he 
who  had  been  the  strength  of  the  (church,  was  taken 
back  to  heaven. 

"During  the  night  and  on  tlie  following  day 
great  vras  the  mourning  throughout  the  city.  The 
entire  State  wept  for  the  prophet  of  the  Lord;  the 
Church  lamented  the  departure  of  its  faithful  pastor; 
the  Academy  the  loss  of  so  great  a  teacher;  all 
exclaimed,  in  tlieir  grief,  that  they  had  lost  a  father, 
who,  after  God,  was  their  truest  frien<l  and  comforter. 
Many  inhabitants  of  the  city  desired  to  see  him  after 
he  was  dead,  and  could  hardly  be  induced  to  leave 
his  remains."  He  was,  according  to  his  own  ex- 
pressed desire,  buried  without  the  slightest  pomp. 

To  this  biief  sketch  we  can  only  add  the  following 
just  and  beautiful  eulogy  of  Calvin's  character  from 
the  miscellaneous  -works  of  George  Bancroft,  Esq., 
the  distinguished  historian.  Such  a  testimony  from 
such  a  man,  who  never  speaks  at  random,  must  out- 
weigh, in  the  minds  of  the  discriminating,  the  many 
spiteful  outbursts  of  those  who,  taking  offence  at 
Calvin's  theology,  scriptural  as  it  is,  refuse  to  give 
him  credit  as  a  scholar,  a  man  of  unblemished  integ- 
rity, and  a  great  reformer. 

"We  may,  as  rei>ublicans,  remember  that  Calvin 
was  not  only  the  founder  of  a  sect,  but  foremost 
among  the  most  efficient  of  modern  republican  legis- 
lators. More  truly  benevolent  to  the  human  race 
than  Solon,  more  self-denying  than  Lycurgus,  the 
genius  of  Calvin  infused  enduring  elements  into  the 
institutions  of  Geneva,  and  made  it,  for  the  modern 
world,  the  inipregnable  fortress  of  poi)ular  liberty, 
the  fertile  seed-plot  of  democracy. 


"We  boast  of  our  common  schools;  Calvin  was  the 
father  of  popular  education,  the  inventor  of  the  .sys- 
tem of  free  schools.  He  that  will  not  honor  the 
memory,  and  respect  the  influence  of  Calvin,  knows 
but  little  of  the  origin  of  American  liberty. 

"If  personal  considerations  chiefly  win  ajiplau.se, 
then  no  one  merits  our  sympathy  and  admiration 
more  than  Calvin,  the  young  exile  from  France,  who 
achieved  an  immortality  of  fame  before  he  was 
twenty-eight  years  of  age;  now  boldly  rea.soning 
with  the  king  of  France  for  religions  liberty;  now- 
venturing  as  the  apostle  of  truth  to  carry  the  new 
doctrines  into  the  heart  of  Italy,  and  hardly  escaping 
from  the  fury  of  Papal  persecution;  the  purest  writer, 
the  keenest  dialectician  of  his  century ;  i)u.shing  free 
inquiry  to  its  utmost  verge,  and  j'et  valuing  inquiry 
solely  as  a  means  of  arriving  at  fixed  conclusions. 
The  light  of  his  genius  sc;ittered  the  mask  of  darkness 
which  superstition  had  held  for  centuries  lielbre  the 
brow  of  religion.  His  probity  was  unquestioned, 
his  morals  spotless.  His  only  hai)piness  consisted  in 
his  'task  of  glory  and  of  good,'  for  sorrow  found  its 
way  into  all  his  private  relations.  He  was  an  e.xile 
from  his  country;  he  became  for  a  season  an  exile 
from  his  place  of  exile.  As  a  husband,  he  was 
doomed  to  mourn  the  premature  loss  of  his  wife;  as 
a  father,  he  felt  the  bitter  jiang  of  burying  his  only 
child. 

"Alone  in  the  world,  alone  in  a  strange  land,  he 
went  forward  in  his  career  with  serene  resignation 
and  inflexible  firmness;  no  love  of  ea.se  turned  him 
aside  from  his  vigils;  no  fear  of  danger  relaxed  the 
nerveof  his  eloquence;  no  bodily  infirmities  checked 
the  incredible  activity  of  his  mind;  and  so  he  con- 
tinued, year  after  year,  solitary  and  feeble,  yet  toil- 
ing for  humanity,  till,  after  a  life  of  glory,  he 
bequeathed  to  his  personal  heirs  a  fortune  in  books 
and  furniture,  stocks  and  money,  not  exceeding  two 
hundred  dollars,  and  to  the  world  a  purer  reforma- 
tion, a  republican  spirit  in  religion  with  the  kindred 
principles  of  ro])ublifan  liberty."  (See  Ck/ivh/shi,  in 
the  Supi>lniinit.) 


THE 


PRESBYTERIAN  ENCYCLOPiEDIA. 


A 


Abeel,  John  Nelson,  D.  D.,  graduated  at 
Princeton  College  ill  1787,  and  was  Tutor  in  it  for 
two  years.  He  entered  upon  the  study  of  theology 
under  Dr.  Livingston,  and  was  liceiLsed  to  pi-eacli  in 
April,  1793.  He  first  became  pastor  of  a  Presby- 
terian Chiu-ch  iu  Philadelphia,  but  in  1795  was 
installed  aa  pastor  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  in 
the  City  of  New  York.  With  a  discriminating  mind, 
a  sweet  and  melodious  voice,  and  his  soul  inflamed 
with  pious  zeal,  Dr.  Abeel  was  pre-eminent  among 
extemporaneoiLs  orators.  He  was  a  man  of  uua.ssum- 
ing  manners,  and  a  truly  eloquent  preacher.  He 
died  January  20th,  181-2. 

Abington  Church,  Pa.  This  church  was 
organized  in  the  year  1714,  by  Rev.  Malachi  Jones. 
The  first  Session  book,  still  in  existence,  gives  the 
original  membership  as  exactly  threescore  and  ten. 
These  were  chiefly  ' '  Scotch-Irish, ' '  although  the 
names  indicate  a  small  commingling  of  the  Low 
Dutch  element.  For  the  first  fifteen  years  succeed- 
ing the  formation  of  the  congregation,  Mr.  Jones  per- 
formed the  duties  of  their  pastor.  He  had  come  to 
the  colony  of  Pennsylvania  from  Wales,  and  joining 
the  Presbytery  of  Philadelphia  (which  had  been  in 
existence  eight  years,  and  had  eleven  names  on  its 
roll),  immediately  began  work  at  Abington.  He 
seems  to  have  pos.sessed  marked  energy  and  decision 
of  character,  and  is  referred  to  by  one  of  his  contempo- 
raries as  "a  good  man,  who  did  good."  By  a  deed 
dated  August  15th,  1719,  Mr.  Jones  transferred  to 
the  properly  constituted  representatives  of  the  con- 
gregation one-half  acre  of  land,  that  they  might  erect 
thereon  a  church  edifice,  and  at  the  same  time  have 
a  burying  place  for  the  dead.  The  only  definite 
information  of  the  original  building  is  tliat  it  was 
coiLstructed  of  logs,  and  stood  until  April,  1793, 
when  it  was  superseded  l)y  a  more  sightly  and  sub- 
stantial structure.  Thirty  marriages  and  one  hun- 
dred and  sixty-six  baptisms  are  mentioned  in  the 
record  of  this  pastorate.     It  is  not  stated  how  manv 


were  received  on  profession  of  faith.  Mr.  Jones  died 
January  28th,  1729.  For  two  years  after  his  decease 
Rev.  Jedediah  Andrews  occasionally  officiated  ;  but 
it  was  not  until  1731  tliat  Mr.  Richard  Tieat  was 
formally  called.  For  forty-seven  years  his  connection 
with  Abington  was  continued.  In  1778,  having 
arrived  at  the  seventy-fir.st  year  of  his  age,  this 
faithful  servant  of  God  "fell  on  sleep."  During  the 
period  covered  by  his  pastorate  George  Whitefield 
and  David  Brainerd,  "the  Apostle  to  the  Indians," 
vasited  Abington  a  numlier  of  times,  and  were  greatly 
blessed  in  their  labors. 

The  memorable  schism  between  the  Synods  of  New 
York  and  Philadelphia  occurred  iu  1741;  Abington 
.sided  with  New  York.  It  was  not  until  17.58  that 
the  Synods  were  reunited.  Seven  years  previously  the 
Presbytery  of  Abington  had,  for  convenience'  .sake, 
been  constituted,  but  this  wiis  merged  in  the  Phila- 
delphia Presbytery  on  the  union.  An  interregnum 
of  three  years  followed  Mr.  Treat's  decease,  various 
ministers  officiating.  In  1781  Rev.  William  Alackey 
Tennent,  D.  D.,  was  chosen  pastor  and  iu.stalled. 
Before  coming  to  Abington  Dr.  Tennent  had  been 
.settled  at  Greenfield,  Conn.,  where  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Dr.  Dwight,  afterwards  President  of  Yale 
College.  While  here  he  gave  part  of  his  time  to  the 
congregations  of  Norritcm  and  Pro\'idence.  In  1797 
Dr.  Tennent  was  chosen  Moderator  of  the  General 
Assembly.  For  years  he  was  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees  of  Princeton  College.  During  his  min- 
istry a  new  stone  church  was  built  on  the  west  side 
of  the  turnpike.  This  building  was  first  occupied  in 
1793.  Five  years  subsequently  Isaac  Boileau  con- 
veyed to  the  corporation  the  parsonage  farm  of  one 
hundred  acres.  Dr.  Tennent  was  called  home  Decem- 
ber 2d,  1810,  after  a  painful  but  patiently  endured 
illness;  he  rests  in  the  old  graveyard,  near  to  his 
uncle,  Gilbert  Tennent,  and  close,  also,  to  President 
Finley,  of  Princeton  College.  After  ah  interval  of 
two  years  liev.  Wm.  Dunlap,  a  son  of  the  President 


ABIXGTOX  CHVRCH. 


10 


ACADEMIES. 


of  Jefferson  College,  was  called  to  Abington;  he  had 
begun  bis  ministerial  career  as  a  missionary  in  Canada, 
and  was  instiiUed  at  Abington  July  ^^{l,  1812.  His 
service  was  brief.  Six  years  after  his  instiillation  lie 
was  summoned  to  go  up  higher.  He  died  in  his 
thirty-si.xth  year.  For  about  twelve  months  Pre.sby-  ^ 
tery  supplied  the  pulpit.  On  September  SHh,  1819,  ' 
Kev.  Koljert  Steel  was  called  to  the  pa-storate.  He 
Jiad  pursued  his  studies  with  Dr.  Wylie,  of  Phila- 
delphia; subsequently  going  to  Nas-siiu  Hall,  where  1 
he  was  graduated  in  1813.  His  theological  cour.se 
was  pursued  under  the  supervi-sion  of  Dr.  Mason.  At 
first  Mr.  Steel  engaged  in  city  mLssionary  work  in  I 
New  York  and  I'hiladelpliia,  but  at  Abington  he 
found  his  lirst  and  last  regular  charge.  At  a  eongrc-  j 
gational  inteting  held  JIarch  I'Jtli,  1833,  it  was  decided 
to  enlarge  and  entirely  remodel  the  church  edifice. 
This  w;is  subsequently  done.  In  18.'56  the  parsonage 
farm  was  sold,  with  the  exception  of  two  acres,  which 
are  yet  retained. 
After  this  thir- 
teen acres  were 
purchased,  and 
oil  this  property 
the  present  par- 
sonage stands. 
Mr.  Steel  was  a 
Trustee  of  the 
General  Assem- 
bly, of  the  Board 
of  Domestic  Jlis- 
sions,  and  of  La- 
fayette College. 
In  1846  he  re- 
ceived the  degnr 
ofD.  D.  from  Jef- 
ferson College. 
Huntingdon  Val- 
ley Cliurcli  was 
organized  under 
Dr.  Steel's  mini.stry — anolfshoot  I'lom  .Vbington — De- 
cember 27tli,  18(iO.  Dr.  Steel  died  Seiiteiiilier  id,  18()2. 
In  May,  18(i3,  Eev.  .loliii  Linn  AVitlirow  was 
ordained  and  installed  as  piustor  here,  coming  direct 
from  Princeton  Seminary.  Great  success  attended 
his  efforts.  He  threw  his  whole  .soul  into  the  project 
of  erecting  a  new  church  edifice,  and  finally  accom- 
plished that  desired  end.  The  structure  is  of  brown 
stone,  very  attractive  architecturally,  and  its  tall 
spire  is  a  landmark  for  the  entire  neigliborliood. 
Dr.  Withrow  resigned  in  November,  \>*t)'*,  to  take 
eliaigeiif  .VrcliStieelCliurch,  Philadelphia.  Lafayette 
College  bestowed  on  liim  the  degi-ee  of  D.  D.  The 
]{ev.  Samuel  T.  Lowrie  succeeded  Dr.  Withrow,  and 
in  May,  18(>S),  was  installed  as  pastor.  He  had  previ- 
ously ])reiielied  at  .\le.\andria.  Pa.,  and  the  Bethany  | 
Mission,  Philadelphia.  During  bis  .sUiy  at  Abington 
Mr.  Moody  gave  a  week  of  his  time  to  work  there,  a 
service  whieli  will  lie  long  and  gratefully  remeiubered. 


Jlr.  Lowrie  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Wash- 
ington and  Jefferson  College.  He  left  Abington  Julj-, 
1874,  to  accept  a  professorship  in  the  Western  Theo- 
logical Seminary.  The  present  p-astor.  Rev.  L.  W. 
Eckard,  was  called  January  1st,  187.">,  and  installed 
ou  the  S.'Jth  of  the  following  JIay.  He  was  graduated 
from  Lafayette  College  in  18U(),  and  Princeton  Semi- 
nary in  1869.  The  first  five  years  of  his  ministry 
were  spent  as  a  missiomiry  to  China.  Two  mission 
chapels  have  become  self-supporting  churches  during 
the  present  pastorate,  and  the  membership  has  been 
largely  increased.  Such  is,  briefly,  the  story  of  Abing- 
ton. The  earl}'  records  were  imperfectly  kept,  and 
much  that  it  would  have  been  pl(a.s;iiit  to  know  about 
is  altogether  omitted.  But  on  high  the  record  is  com- 
plete, and,  in  souls  s;ived,  in  Christ's  name  glorified, 
in  Cxod's  glory  enhanced,  all  shall  presently  know 
what  divine  grace  hath  done  for  this  portion  of  Zion. 
Academies,  Presbyterian.  The  early  educa- 
tional institu- 
tions of  our 
Church  reflect 
great  credit  ou 
those  by  whom 
they  were  est;ib- 
lished  and  sus- 
tained, and  con- 
tributed largely 
to  its  prosperity 
and  nselulness. 

While  the 
Synod  of  New 
York  was  en- 
gaged in  laying 
the  foundation  of 
the  College  of 
Nassiiu  Hall,  the 
Synod  of  Phila- 
delpUia  was  not 
idle.  In  1739, 
John  Thompson,  a  man  of  ])romiuence,  proposed 
to  the  Prcsb.vtery  of  Donegal  the  erection  of  a 
school  to  be  placi'd  under  the  care  of  the  Synod.  The 
design  was  approved  by  the  latter  body  in  Jlay  of 
the  .same  year.  Jlessrs.  Pemberton,  Dickinson, 
Cross  and  Anderson  were  nominated  to  prosecute  the 
design  and  secure  subscri|)tions  in  New  England 
and  in  Europe.  In  1744  the  Synod  took  the  school 
at  New  London,  Pa.,  which  had  started  the  previous 
year,  under  its  care.  It  was  to  be  supported  by 
annual  contributions  from  the  congregations,  and 
"all  persons  who  please,  may  .send  their  eliildnn  and 
have  them  instructed  gratis  in  languages,  jdiilosopliy, 
and  divinity."  The  Kev.  Francis  Alison,  the  linest 
scholar  in  the  two  Synods,  was  appointed  msuster,  and 
authorized  to  appoint  his  own  u.sher.  He  was  to  be 
allowed  by  the  Synod  twenty  pounds  ]>er  annum, 
and  his  As,si.stant  fifteen  pounds.  Several  ministei-s 
and  other  gentlemen  contributed  lx)oks  to  begin  a 


ACADEMIES. 


11 


ACADEMIES. 


library,  iu  this   respect  imitating  the   example   of 
Yale. 

Ill  1719  the  plan  of  the  school  was  modified.  Jlr. 
Ali-son's  salary  w;us  increased,  and  tuition  was 
allowed.  In  17.r2  he  removed  to  Philadelphia,  to 
take  charge  of  the  Aca*lemy  there,  but  the  school 
continued  iu  operation  under  the  care  of  Alexander 
McDowell,  to  whom,  in  1754,  JIatthew  Wilson  was 
added  as  Assistant.  The  latter  was  to  teach  the 
languages,  while  Mr.  McDowell  continued,  "  from  a 
sen.se  of  the  public  good,"'  to  teach  logic,  mathema- 
tics, natural  and  moral  philosopliy,  etc.  This  school 
became  justly  celebrated,  and  served  to  aid  in  fur- 
nishing the  Stiite  with  able  civilians,  and  the 
Church  with  well-qualitied  ministers.  Among  those 
who  were  wholly  or  partially  educated  here  were 
Charles  Thomson,  Secretary  of  the  Continental 
Congress  ;  Dr.  John  Ewing,  Provost  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania ;  Dr.  David  Eam.say,  the 
historian  ;  the  celebrated  Dr.  Hugh  Williamson,  one 
of  the  framers  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States  and  historian  of  Xorth  Carolina ;  and  three 
signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  Governor 
Thomas  McKean,  Gteorge  Read  and  James  Smith. 

The  school  of  the  Rev.  Samuel  Finley,  at  Xotting- 
liam,  had  a  high  reputation.  It  sent  out  a  large 
number  of  eminent  men.  Among  them  were  Governor 
Martin,  of  North  Carolina ;  Dr.  Benjamin  Rush,  i 
Colonel  John  Bayard,  Governor  Henry,  of  ilaryland; 
Rev.  Dr.  Mc'NV'liDrtcr,  the  celebrated  James  Waddel; 
and  the  Rev.  William  il.  Tennent,  of  Abington. 
Mr.  Finley  was  an  accomplished  scholar  and  a  skillful 
teacher  ;  and  to  such  eminence  had  he  attained,  that 
on  the  death  of  Mr.  Davies  he  was  called  to  succeed 
him  in  the  presidency  at  Princeton. 

Soon  after  his  settlement  .is  pa.stor  at  Fagg's  Manor, 
Pa.,  the  Rev.  Samuel  Blair  instituted  a  classical 
school,  in  which  some  of  the  ablest  ministers  of  the 
Presbj-terian  Church  received  either  the  whole  or  the 
more  substantial  parts  of  their  education.  Among 
these  were  the  Rev.  Samuel  Davies,  the  Rev.  Alex- 
ander Cummings,  the  Rev.  John  Rodgers,  d.d.  ;  the 
Rev.  James  Finley,  the  Rev.  Hugh  Henry,  and  the 
Rev.  Robert  Smith,  P.  D.,  the  father  of  Samuel  Stan- 
hope Smith  and  John  Blair  Smith;  all  eminent  as 
scholars  and  divines. 

Soon  after  his  settlement  as  pastor  at  the  church  of 
Pequea,  Lancaster  Co.,  Pa.,  the  Rev.  Robert  Smith, 
D.D.,  founded  a  school,  designed  chiefly  for  the  in- 
struction of  youth  in  the  Latin,  Greek  and  Hebrew 
languages.  In  this  school  he  employed  the  most  re- 
spectable teachers,  and  it  was  soon  resorted  to  by  a 
large  number  of  young  men  from  dlfterent  parts  of 
Pennsylvania  and  Maryhuid,  .some  of  whom  were 
afterw.ards  greatly  distingxiished  in  the  different  pro- 
fessions. He  exerted  a  strong  religious  influence 
on  the  minds  of  his  pupils,  and  a  large  part  of  those 
intrusted  to  his  care  became  e.vemplary  profes.S4irs  of 
/  religion. 


Shortly  before  the  Revolutionary  War,  some  men 
in  Virginia,  whose  sons  were  growing  up,  felt  a  de- 
sire for  having  them,  or  part  of  them,  educated  liber- 
ally, chiefly  with  a  view  to  the  ministry  of  the  gospel. 
Accordingly  a  small  Ciraramar  School  was  formed  in 
the  neighborhood  of  Old  Providence,  which  greatly 
increased,  and  drew  youths  from  distant  neighbor- 
hoods. This  school  was  moved  to  a  place  aiUed 
Mount  Pleasant,  near  to  the  little  town  of  Fairfield. 
Here  the  Rev.  William  Graham,  a  native  of  the  town- 
ship of  Paxton,  near  Harrisburg,  in  Laucjister  county 
(now  Dauphin),  Pa.,  at  the  request  of  Hanover  Pres- 
bytery, commenced  his  labors  as  a  teacher,  and  here 
we  find  the  germ  whence  sprung  Washington  Col- 
lege. Iu  1776  the  school  was  est;ibli.shed  at  Timber 
Ridge  Meeting-house.  As  Jlr.  Graham's  income 
from  the  Aciidemy  was  small,  and  his  salary  for 
preaching  to  the  two  cougreg-ations  of  Timber  Ridge 
and  Hall's  Meeting-house  (now  Monmouth)  was 
paid  in  depreciated  currency,  it  was  impossible  for 
him  to  support  his  family,  and  he  purchased  a  small 
farm  on  the  Xorth  river,  within  a  mile  or  two  of  the 
present  site  of  Washington  College.  For  some  time 
after  retiring  to  his  farm  he  endeavored  to  perform 
the  duties  of  a  Rector,  by  visiting  the  school  and 
giving  instruction,  several  times  in  each  week.  But 
this  being  found  very  inconvenient  to  himself,  and 
disadvantageous  to  the  school,  he  relinquished  the 
establishment  at  Timber  Ridge,  and  opened  a  school 
in  his  own  house.  After  some  time  a  frame  edifice 
was  erected  ;  on  ground  given  for  the  purpose,  and  the 
school  was  continued  until,  in  the  year  17S2,  appli- 
cation was  made  to  the  Legislature  for  an  Act  of 
Incorporation,  and,  accordingly,  a  number  of  trus- 
tees were  formed  into  a  body  corporate,  to  have  full 
charge  of  the  Academy,  which  received  the  name  of 
Liberty  H.vll.  which  name  it  retained  until  it  was 
endowed  by  General  W;i.shington,  when  his  name 
was  substituted  for  that  which  it  had  before  borue. 
In  this  Academy,  notwithstanding  the  adversities  it 
had  to  encounter  during  the  Revolutionary  War, 
many  were  eduaited  who  afterwards  attained  gieat 
eminence.  Among  them  were  Samuel  Doak,  John 
I  Montgomery,  Archibald  Alex;inder,  James  Houston, 
William  Tate,  Samuel  Greenlee,  and  William  Wilson. 
At  an  early  period  after  he  ])ecame  pastor  of  the 
churches  of  Chartiers  and  Pigeon  Creek,  iu  Western 
Pennsylvania,  Dr.  John  McMillan  directed  his  .atten- 
tion towards  the  preparation  of  .suitable  young  men  of 
piety  and  talents  for  the  gospel  ministry.  He  was  .se- 
lected by  the  Synod  of  Virginia  to  manage  and  t;ike 
charge  of  the  institution,  which,  by  their  appointment, 
was  entrusted  to  the  superintendence  of  the  Presbytery 
of  Redstone.  This  institution,  with  his  consent,  and 
the  concurrence  of  the  Presbytery  of  Red.stone,  w.a3 
located,  within  a  year  after  it  Avas  tlujs  originated,  iu 
Canonsburg.  and  became  merged  into  the  Academy 
of  that  place  in  1791-2.  The  first  students  iu  this 
' '  Log  Cabin ' '  were  James  Hughes,  John  Brice,  James 


ADMli. 


12 


ADAMS. 


McGrcady,  Samuel  Porter,  and  Thomas  Marquis.  | 
Many  othurs  who  also  bt-cume  promiuuut  iu  the 
C'huich  here  received  their  education.  The  Academy, 
in  1802,  was  merged  into  Jeflerson  College,  and  when 
it  at  length  became  a  chartered  college.  Dr.  McMillan 
was  its  most  steady  and  ett'ectual  friend,  through 
his  long  life.  •' Jellerson  College,"  says  Dr.  Joseph 
Smith,  "owes  an  inimia-surable  debt  of  gratitude  to 
Dr.  McMillan,  and,of  course,  the  cause,  of  science  and 
literature  mu.st  ever  regard  him' as  one  of  its  earliest 
and  most  valuable  patrons  and  supporters."  1 

Adair,  Rev.  Robert,  was  born  in  Belfast,  Ire- 
land, ilarch  Kith,  1802,  and  wasordained  by  the  Pres- 
bytery of  New  Castle,  November  I'Jth,  1829.  Mr.  Adair 
was  i)astor  of  the  Second  Cliurch,  Wilmington,  Del., 
lS2!)-o4;  of  the  church  at  Norristown,  Pa.,  1834-8; 
stated  supply  of  the  Franklin  Street  Church,  I'hiladel- 
liliia,  18:58-!);  pastor  of  the  Fii-st  Church,  Southwark, 
l'hila<lelphia,  1S3U-48  ;  Corresponding  Secretary  of 
the  I'hiladelphia  Home  Jlissionary  Society,  1848-()2; 
pastor  of  the  Central  Chmch,  Norristown,  18G2-o; 
Secretary  of  the  Home  Jlission  Committee,  1865-71; 
pastor  of  the  Tabor  Church,  Philadelphia,  1871-80; 
and  on  resigning  the  charge  iu  1880,  was  made  Pastor 
ICmtritus.  Mr.  Adair  still  resides  in  I'hiladelphia, 
and  preaches,  as  there  is  opportunity,  for  his  brethren, 
l)y  whom  he  is  held  in  high  regard,  lie  is  an  earnest 
and  impressive  preacher,  and  is  always  listened  to 
with  interest.  As  a  member  of  Pre-sbytery  he  is  very 
faithful  and  u.seful.  His  long  ministry,  and  service 
iu  importiuit  spheres,  have  been  crowned  with  the 
divine  blessing,  and  in  his  advanced  age  he  Ls  stUl 
ready  to  aid  every  work  which  aims  at  the  glory  of 
his  Ma.--ter  and  the  gmid  <if  niankiiul. 

Adams,  John  "Watson,  D.  D.,  a  son  of  the 
Kev.  Kogcr  Adams,  was  born  in  Simsbury,  Conn., 
December  (ith,  1796.  He  graduated  at  Hamilton  Col- 
lege in  1822,  having  during  his  collegiate  course  de- 
veloped a  chanicter,  both  intellectual  and  moral,  of 
rare  excellence.  On  leaving  college  he  became  the 
teacher  of  a  select  school  in  Manlius,  New  York. 
At  the  close  of  this  engagement,  he  went  to  the  city 
of  New  York,  and  commenced  his  professional  studies, 
availing  himself  of  the  instnictiim  of  Dr.  Spring, 
and  two  or  tline  other  Presliyterian  cUrg\nien  of  the 
city.  A  short  time  alterward  he  joined  the  Middle 
CUiss  iu  the  Theological  Seminary  at  Auburn,  where 
he  took  the  first  rank  for  Uilents,  and  diligent  ami 
successful  study.  He  was  ordained  and  instiilled 
pastor  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  in  Syracuse, 
July  28th,  182(),  and  continued  in  this  relation  till  the 
clo.se  of  his  life.  In  1841  he  was  chosen  a  member 
of  the  Hoard  of  Overseers  of  Hamilton  College,  and 
eontinue<l  to  Imlil  tlie  olliee  until  his  death,  which 
oicurred  Ai>ril,  lith,  1-'.'>(I.  "  Dr.  Adam.s,"  .siiysDr.  K. 
W.  Condit,  "  was  one  of  the  most  unambitious  men 
whom  I  have  ever  known  in  the  ministry  ;  he  was 
indeed  ambitious  to  do  good  and  promote  the  honor 
of  his  .Vla.stiT,  but    lor  the  a)>plause  of  men  I  never 


could  see  that  he  cared  a  rush.  As  a  preacher,  he 
had  a  deservedly  high  nputation.  He  could  not  be 
considered  as  eminently  popular,  but  his  sermons 
were  always  rich  in  evangeliciil  truth,  and  wTitten  iu 
a  style  of  great  perspicuity  and  precision,  so  that  it 
was  the  favilt  of  the  hearer  if  he  was  not  prolited." 
After  Dr.  Adams'  death  there  was  published  a  duo- 
decimo volume  of  his  tiiscourses,  which  is  highly 
creditable,  not  only  to  his  talents  as  a  preacher,  but 
to  the  American  ]>ulpit. 

Adams,  Rev.  ■William  Hooper,  the  son  of 
the  Kev.  Dr.  Nehemiah  and  Jlartha  Hooper  Adams, 
was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  January  8th,  1838.  He 
entered  Harvard  University  in  ISoO,  and  was  honor- 
ably graduated  in  1860,  after  which  he  became  a  stu- 
dent of  the  Theological  Seminary  at  AndoS^r.  In 
January,  1861,  he  ent<red  the  Theological  Seminary 
at  Columbia,  S.  C.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  the  gos- 
pel September  27th,  1862,  by  the  Presbytery  of  Hojk'- 
well,  and  on  Novemljer  21st,  1863,  he  was  ordained 
as  an  Evangelist  by  the  same  Presbytery.  Immedi- 
ately after  his  ordination  he  ministered,  as  an  Evan- 
gelist, to  the  churches  of  Danielsvillc,  Sandy  Creek, 
and  to  the  peojjle  of  Paolia  and  Beth  Haven,  Ga. 

Mr.  Adams  begim  his  minLstry  at  Eufaula,  Ala., 
where  he  labored  with  great  lidelity  and  acceptance. 
In  the  summer  of  1865  he  returned  to  15oston.  Feb- 
ruary 20th,  1867,  he  visited  Charle,st<m,  S.  C,  accepting 
an  invitation  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Circular  Church 
in  that  city,  where  he  remained  twelve  years.  In 
the  Spring  of  1880  he  was  in  attendance  at  the  meet- 
ing of  Charleston  Presbj-tery,  and  a  few  days  alter 
the  adjournment  of  that  body  his  spirit  passid  tran- 
(luilly  t'rom  time  to  eternity. 

During  his  absence  from  his  church,  in  1877,  to  be 
near  his  father  during  his  remaining  days,  Mr.  Adams 
was  laboriously  engaged  in  ministerial  and  literary 
work.  He  supplied  the  v.ieant  pulpit  of  Vine  Street 
Church,  Koxbury,  Mass.,  the  Church  of  Middlcl)oro, 
Mass.,  and  afterwards  the  Hancock  Church,  of  Lex- 
:  ington,  in  the  same  State.  At  the  same  time  he  pre- 
pared his  "Seven  Words  from  the  Cross,"  a  work  of 
great  tenderness  and  nu'rit.  He  was  an  eminently 
holy,  self-s;urilicing  and  devoted  man.  He  w;us  a 
general  favorite  with  the  colored  ]M'ople,  in  whom  he 
had  always  manifested  a  kind,  t-onsiderate  interest, 
and  they  were  largely  represented  at  his  funeml, 
where  their  expressions  of  love  and  grief  were  deeply 
aflecting.  As  a  preacher,  he  "detennincd  to  know 
nothing  but  Je.sus  Chri.st  and  him  crucified."  His 
jmlpit  i>rei)arations  were  elalxjrate  and  scholarly. 
As  a  i)a.stor  he  will  be  rememl>ere<l  with  peculiar 
aflection.  He  w:us  deeply  interestetl  iu  everything 
that  int<-rest<<l  his  Hock.  Condescending  to  men  of 
low  e.st;it<',  he  had  a  kind  and  encour:iging  word  lor 
all — for  the  chimney  sweep  and  the  sciiveuger  that 
removed  the  rubbish  from  his  door.  "  Brother  Adiims," 
said  his  Presbytery,  iu  n  jxaper  adopted  in  view  of  his 
deatli,    "was  a  heavenly-minded,  cheerful  and  loving 


ADAMS. 


13 


ADUKR. 


Christian,  ami  as  a  luinistor  ol'  the  gospel,  was  able, 
earnest  ami  zealous.  It  c;iu  truly  be  said  ol'  him,  as 
it  w:is  said  of  another  preacher  ol"  C'lirist,  after  his 
decease,  "There  was  no  Uiint  of  bigotry  in  his  na- 
tvire.  All  followers  of  Christ  were  Christians  to  him, 
and  in  every  sinner  he  s;i\v  a  possible  saint,  and  hoped 
and  praj-ed  that  the  jKissibility  might  he  realized." 
Adams,  "William,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  son  of  John 
^\dams,  was  btjrn  at  Colchester,  Conn.,  in  1813. 
When  an  infant  he  w;us  tiiken  to  Audover,  JIass., 
where  his  father,  wiio  was  one  of  tlie  most  celebrated 
teachers  of  his  day,  became  the  Principal  of  an 
aciideniy.  Trained  by  his  father,  and  a  proteg<i  of 
Professor  Stiuvrt,  he  had  also  the  advautiige  of  con- 
stant a.ssociation  with  such  men  ;ls  Judsou,  Gordon 
Hall,    Xewill,    and  many   others.      He    settled    at 


WILLI.^M    .\DAMS,   P.P.,  !,I..P. 

Brigliton.  near  IJoston,  where  his  ministry  was  suc- 
cessful. In  IslO  he  accepted  a  CiiU  to  the  Broome 
street  or  Central  Presbyterian  Church  of  Xew  York, 
and  for  many  years  was  its  most  efficient  and  beloved 
])astor.  A  large  portion  of  this  congregati(m,  who 
thought  it  advisable  to  remove  to  the  upper  part  of  the 
city,  withdrew,  with  Dr.  Adams,  in  1853,  and  erected 
an  elegant  church  edifice  on  the  corner  of  Madison 
avenue  and  Twenty-fourth  street,  and  became  known 
as  the  Madison  Square  Presb.\-terian  Churcli.  In  this 
edifice,  for  twenty  years,  Dr.  .\dams  j)reached  to 
large  and  intelligent  audiences,  and  with  marked  in- 
dications of  the  Divine  blessing  upon  bis  ministry. 
Having  been  elected  President  of  the  Union  Theolo- 
gical Seminary,  Xew  York,  he  preached  his  farewell 
sermon  as  jiastor  of  the  Madison  Square  Church,  on 


Sunday,  April  loth,  1874,  and  his  inauguration  ;is 
President  took  place  Jlay  11  tb,  1874. 

Dr.  Adams  w:us  a  finished  gintleman,  dignified,  yet 
aft'able  and  approachable,  lu  public  and  private  his 
Ix-aring  was  marked  by  an  entire  self-possession,  and 
a  happy  adaptiibility  to  circumstances  and  p<Tson.s. 
He  had  a  genial,  companionable  disposition,  and 
none  but  ennobling  qualities  of  heart.  He  was  a  very 
superior  preacher.  All  liis  .sermons  were  able,  and 
indicated  great  theological  as  well  as  literary  culture. 
His  voice  was  mellow,  though  full  of  compa.ss,  and 
his  delivery  and  gestures  were  appropriate  and  im- 
pressive. He  excelled  as  an  extcmijoraneous  speaker, 
showing  a  remarkable  fluency  of  chaste,  elfective 
language.  As  a  pastor  he  was  greatly  beloved  by  his 
people.  Dr.  Adams  took  high  rank  as  an  author. 
He  wrote  with  much  gracefulness  and  vigor,  and  his 
works  reached  a  large  circulation.  Prominent  among 
his  books  were  "The  Three  Gardens — Eden,  Geth- 
semane,  and  Paradise,"  and  "Thanksgiving."  In 
1853  he  was  Jloderator  of  the  General  As.sembly 
which  met  in  AVashington,  D.  C.  He  exerted  a  com- 
manding and  widespread  influence  in  the  Church,  by 
his  Christian  excellence,  well-balanced  character,  in- 
tellectual force,  and  official  fidelity. 

Addison,  Hon.  Alexander,  was  born  in  Scot- 
lan<l.  and  received  a  thorough  English  and  cla.ssical 
education  in  the  College  of  Aberdeen,  in  his  native 
land.  He  first  adopted  the  ministerial  profession, 
and  emigrated  to  America  in  1758,  bearing  the  com- 
mission of  a  preacher  in  the  Pre.sbjterian  Church. 
He  officiated  in  that  capacity  for  some  time,  at  "Wash- 
ington, Pa.,  when  he  turned  his  attention  to  the  law, 
and,  aft<r  pursuing  the  required  course  of  study, 
commenced  jiractice  and  was  eminently  successful, 
attaining  to  wealth  antl  honor.  He  was  the  first 
person  to  receive,  an  appointment  as  President  Law 
.Tudge  in  \Vestern  Pennsylvania,  his  commission  to 
that  office  dating  1791.  He  remained  in  this  po.siti(m 
until  1802,  and  died,  in  Pittsburg,  in  1807.  He  was 
the  author  o{  Addison's  Ilcports,  at  one  time  a  high 
authority. 

Adger,  John  Bailey,  D.D.,  was  born  December 
i:!th,  1810,  in  Charleston,  .S.  C,  and  is  the  clilest  son 
of  James  .Vdgcr,  who  was  a  wealthy  and  pious  mer- 
chant in  that  city.  He  graduated  at  I'uion  College, 
X.  Y'.,  in  18"28.  and  was  ordained  an  evangelist  by 
the  Presbytery  of  Charleston  Union,  .Vpril  l.")th.  1834. 
In  that  vear  he  was  .sent  out  as  a  missionary  to  the 
Armenians  in  Asia  Minor,  by  the  American  Board  of 
Commissioners  for  Foreign  Missions.  He  labored 
there  zi-alously  nearly  twelve  years,  Init  was  com- 
pelled, by  impaired  \isi()n  and  failing  health,  to 
resign.  Soon  after  his  return  to  his  native  State, 
viz.,  in  1847  he  proposed  to  the  Second  Presbyterian 
Church  in  Cliarleston.  to  build  a  .sepanite  church  for 
the  iK'uefit  of  th<'  <<)lored  ])eople,  which  was  ilonc  in 
1849.  This  colored  congregation  afterwards  Ixcame 
the  Zion  Church.     In  1857  he  accepted  the  appoint- 


ADOPTING  ACT. 


14 


ADOPTING  ACT. 


ment    of    Professor     of     Ecclesiastical     History    and  "'''h  respect  to  any  article  or  articles  of  eaid  Confeasion   or  Cale- 

Church   Polity  itl   tlie  ScmilKiry  of  C'olmilllia    S.  C.  <^'"8™«. 'le  sUhU.  altlie  tiuu- of  liis  makiugisaid  duclaraliun,  il.-cb»re 

itnl    i*^toi»^wl    *!,.    ,       :*;  11      *-   1*111-  ■*       1     .-  ills  et'Ulimenta  tu  tlie  I*rvebvter>' or  Synod,  who  Hhall,  uutwithstaud- 

ami  retainea  the  position,  ablj'  lulhlliuj'  its  duties,  •„      j    . , .    .     .  '       ,  .       .  .     ,  .       . 

.,  '  '  •'  "     "="""'-■'>  ing,  adniil  liim  to  the  eiercue  of  the  minmlrv  in  tlnir  own  l^jundi. 

until   IS, 4.      bulisi-quently  he  was  stat<;d  SUpjjly  of  and  to  niini»terial  communion,  if  the  Syii.Kl  or  Presbytery  iiliall 

Mount    Zion,    ltJ75-77,    pastor  of  Roberts  Church  in  judge  ''■»  ecruple  or  misluke  lo  be  only  about  articles  not  eeMlUial 

1878,  and  since  1879   has  been  jiastor  of  Hopewell  "'"' n«:«»«o- "d doctrine,  »ot>ihip or govemmem.   But  if  tlies^yuod 

r'liiii-«li        Ti^      *  .1..  -  -      ■  1  i    T»        Hi  IT      •  or  Presbytery  bhull  judge  such  Ministers  or  Candidates  erroDeoiu 

cnurcn.     Jjr.  Atlger  resides  at  Pendleton.     He  is  a  ■  .   ,      ,  .  ,      ,,.,.,       ,      „     , 

.  .  in  essential  and  necessary  articles  of  faith,  the  frvnod  or  Presbytery 

gentleman  ol  scholarly  actiuirements  and  a  faithful  .  shall  declare  them  uuca,«ible  of  communion  »ith  them.    .\ud  the 
laborer  in  the  vineyard  of  tbeLord. 


I  Synod  do  soleniuly  agree,  that  none  of  us  will  traduce  or  use  any 
oppr^ibious  teniM  of  those  that  differ  fp->ni  us  in  iheseextra-essentiul 
and  not  necessary  jioints  of  doctrine,  but  tn-at  tliem  with  the  same 
friendship,  kindness,  and  brotherly  love,  as  if  they  had  not  differed 
from  us  in  such  sentiments." 

The  foregoing  jKiper  was  adoptetl  in  the  morning. 
In  the  afternoon  took  place  '"The  Adopting  Act." 
The  ministers  of  the  Synod  then  iire.-ieut,  with  the 
exception  of  Jlr.  Eliuer,  who  deilarid  himself  not 
quire  the  luloption  of  the  Westminster  Confession  by  prepared  (but  g-ave  .in  bis  assent  at  the  ue.xt  meet-, 
their  ciindidates  for  the  ministry.  Xo  one  will  be  ,  ing  of  the  .Synodi,  alter  proposing  all  the  scruples' 
surprised,  tlierefore,  to  learn  that  the  overture  which  j  that  any  of  tl.em  ba<l  ag-.iinst  any  articles  and  c.xpre.s- 


Adopting  Act.  The  most  prominent  event  in 
the  period  of  our  Church's  history,  i'loiii  17-J!)  to  1741, 
was  the  p;ussing  of  the  Adopting  Act,  by  wliich  assent 
to  the  Westminster  Coulession  of  Paith  was  retjuired 
of  all  members  of  the  SjTiodj.and  of  all  candidates 
for  admission  to  the  Presbyteries.  The  Presbytery  of 
Newcastle  had  begun,  at  least  as  earlv  iis  1724,  to  re- 


led  to  the  Adojiting  Act  bad  its  origin  in  tliis  I're.s- 
byteiy.  Tlie  Kev.  .John  Thomi)son,  of  hewes,  Del., 
was  its  author.  Under  the  date  of  JIarch  •J7th,  1728,  it 
is  recorded  that  ''an  overture  formerly  read  before 
Sj-nod,  but  which  was  dropped,  Ijeing  now,  at  the  de- 
sire of  the  I*resbytery,  produced  by  Jlr.  Thompson 
and  read,  the  Presbj-tcry  defer  their  judgment  con- 
cerning it  until  ne.xt  meeting. "     When  the  overture 


sions  in  the  Confession  and  Catechisms,  uminimoiLsly 
agreed  in  the  solution  of  those  scruples,  and  in  declar- 
ing the  Confession  and  Catechisms  to  l>e  their  confes- 
sion of  faith.  The  only  e.vception  made  was  to  tho.se 
articles  of  the  Form  of  Government  which  related  to 
the  duties  of  the  civil  magistrate.  In  view  of  the 
"unanimity,  peace  and  unity"  which  apjieared  in 
these  consultations  and  delilK-rations  of  the  Synotl, 


was  introiluced  a  second  time  into  Synod,  iu  1728,  |  they '■unanimou.sly  agreed  in  giving  thanks  to  God  in 
'•the  Synod,  judging  this  to   be  a  very  important  j  solemn   prayer   and   praises."     The    ministers  who 

were     present     at    this     meeting    of    SjTiod    were 


affair,  unanimously  concluded  to  defer  the  considera- 
tion of  it  till  the  ne.>ct  Synod,  withiil  recommending 
it  to  the  members  of  each  Presbyterj-  present  to  give 
timeous  notice  thereof  to  the  absent  members."  In 
1729  the  subject  wius  taken  up  by  the  Synod,  and  re- 
ferred to  a  committee  i-onsisting  of  Mes.srs.  Andrews, 
Dickinson,  Pierwjn,  Thoiup.sim  (the  author  of  the 
overture),  Craighead,  and  Anderson,  who  brought  in 
a  rejKirt  which,  alter  long  debate  upon  it,  was  agreed 
to  in  ha:c  verba : — 

"  Although  the  Synod  do  not  claim  or  protend  to  any  authority  of 
imiKuing  our  faith  u|xm  oilier  men's  consciences,  but  do  profess  our 
just  dissulisfaclion  with,  and  abiiorrence  of,  such  inipositiou-s,  and  do 
utterly  disclaim  all  legislative  iioivcr  and  authority  in  the  Church, 
being  willing  to  receive  one  another  as  Christ  has  received  us,  to  the 
glory  of  God,  and  admit  to  fellowship  iu  s.icred  ordinances  all  such 
as  we  have  grounds  lo  believe  Christ  will  at  last  admit  to  the  King- 
dom of  Heaven ;  yet  wo  are  undoubtedly  obliged  to  take  caro  that 
the  faith  once  deliven-d  to  the  sjiints  be  kept  pure  and  iincorrupt 
among  us,  and  so  handed  down  to  our  posterity.  And  do  therefore 
agr«u  that  all  the  niinistera  of  this  Synod, orthat  shall  hereafter 
be  admitted  into  this  Synod,  shall  declare  their  agreement  in,  and 
approbation  of,  the  Confession  of  Kuilh,  with  the  Largeraiul  Shorter  ^ 
Catechisms  of  the  .\8semb1y  of  Livini^at  Westminster,  as  iM-ing,  in 


Messrs.  Andrews,  Craighead,  Thompson,  .-Vnderson, 
Pierson,  Gielston,  Houston,  Tcnncnt,  l?oyd,  Dickin- 
son, Bradner,  T.  Evans,  Hutchinson,  Elmer,  Steven- 
son, William  Tenneut,  Conn,  Orme,  (iillespie,  and 
WiLson. 

A  motion  being  made  to  know  the  Synod's  judg- 
ment about  tlie  Directory,  they  gave  their  sense  of 
the  matter  in  the  following  words  : — 

"The  Synod  do  unanimously  acknowledge  ami  de- 
clare, that  they  judge  the  Directory  for  worshi|),  dis- 
cipline and  government  of  the  Church,  commonly 
annexed  to  the  Westminster  Confession,  to  be  agreo 
able  in  substance  to  the  Word  of  God,  and  founded 
thereu]X)ii,  and  therefore  <lo  earnestly  recommend  tile 
same  to  all  their  memlH'i-s.  t<i  be  by  them  observeil,  as 
near  iis  circumstances  will  allow  ami  Christian  pru- 
dence flirect." 

After  action  uiKin  the  .\dopting  .\ct,  the  question 
immediately  arose,  what  do  the  Synotl  mean  by  "es- 
sential and  neces.s;irv  articles?  "      Mav  the  new  mem- 


all  Iho  essential  and  necessary  articles,  good  forms  of  sound  wonls  |  Ix'rs  object  to  any  anil  all   articles  not  essential   to 
and  system,  of  Christian  d.Kiriue-,  and  do,  also,  adopt  the  1.1,1  Con-    Christianitv?    This  ambiguitv  ill  the  Act  excited  im- 
feasion and  Caleclnsnis  OS  the  confession  of  our  failli.     Andu-edi  ,.    .       ,."       ..   ..     ..  ,  ",,       ,,  ,  ,,    , 

also  agree  that  all  .he  Presbyteries  within  our  b..nn,h,  shall  always  ;">"'""«  •'"^■^'t'--*';"'"""-    »"<1    «l'e    -Svnml    Were  called 
Uke  care  not  lo  wlmit  any  ramlldate  of  the  minislry-iulo  the  exer-  ,  "Pon  to  Siiy  explicitly  how   these  expressions  were  tO 
cise  of  the  sacreil  functions  but  what  declares  his  agreement  in  ]  lie  UIldersliHid.      This  they  did  at   their  miH'tiilg  iu 
opinion  with  all  the  essential  and  necesKu-y  articles  ol  said  tVnfcwion,  I  1730^   an  f„|l„«-s  :      "  Oirrliinil.    That   the  Svnod  do 
Fllherbysiibscrihing  (he  said  I  onfessiou  of  Failh  and  Catechisms,  '  ,      ,  .i     ..   n  i       .       i  .,  ,     "  , 

.,  ,  1  1    1      .,        I- .,  ....  ,  „    .  now  declare,  that  thev  understand  these  dau.ses  that 

or  by  a  verlsil  declaration  of  their  a-eient  thereto,  OS  such  Minister 

or  Candidate  shall  think  i«-,t.    And  in  case  any  minister  of  this    rt^pect  the  admission  of  intrants  or  c:indidates,   in 
Synod,  or  any  candidate  for  the  ministry,  slioll  have  any  scruple  ;  SUCh  a  sclise  as  to  oblige  them  to  receive  and  adopt 


AGK£\r. 


15 


AGNEir. 


the  Confession  and  Catechisms  at  their  admission,  in 
the  s;ime  manner,  and  as  fully,  as  the  members  of 
Synod  did  tliat  were  then  present." 

Many  jiersiins  havinj;  been  offended  with  some  ex- 
pressions or  distinctions  in  the  first  or  preliminary 
aet  of  Synod  for  adopting  the  Westminster  Confession, 
Catechisms,  etc.,  in  order  to  remove  said  offence  and 
all  jealousies  that  had  arisen,  or  might  ari.se,  on  occa- 
sion of  said  distinctions  and  expressions,  the  follow- 
ing action  was  taken  in  1736  :  "The  Synod  doth  de- 
clare, that  the  Synod  have  adopted  and  still  do  adhere 
to  the  Westminster  Confession,  Catechisms,  and  Di- 
rectory, without  the  least  variation  or  alteration,  and 
without  any  regard  to  said  di.stinctions. ''  The  min- 
istt'rs  present  at  this  meeting  of  Synod  w'ere  Jlessrs. 
Thomas  Craighead,  J.  Andrews,  J.  Thompson,  J.  An- 
derson, Richard  Treat,  J.  Houston,  Robert  C'athcart, 
A.  Boyd,  Robert  Cross,  Robert  Jamison,  Ebenezer 
Gould,  II.  Stevenson,  II.  Carlisle,  James  JIartiu,  Wil- 
liam Bertram,  Alexander  Craighead,  John  Paul, 
William  Tenuent,  Sen.,  William  Tennent,  Juu.,  and 
David  Evans.  If  to  the.se  be  added  those  members 
who,  though  absent  this  year,  were  present  vvlien  the 
explanatory  declaration  of  1730  was  pa.s.sed,  viz. : 
Messrs.  Johu  Picrson,  Samuel  Gelston,  Gilbert  Ten- 
nent, Alexander  Hutchinson,  Joseph  Jlorgan,  Daniel 
Elmer,  Thomas  Evans,  and  Ebenezer  Pemberton,  we 
have  a  sufficient  list  of  witnesses  as  to  what  were  the 
true  meaning  and  intent  of  the  Adopting  Act. 

Agne-w,  Benjamin  Lashells.  D.D.,  sou  of 
Smith  and  Maria  Mayes  Agnew,  was  born  October 
2d,  1833,  in  what  was  then  called  Warren,  now 
Apollo,  Armstrong  County,  Pa.  He  giaduated  at 
Washington  College  in  18.j4,  and  entered  the  Western 
Theological  Seminary  in  the  Fall  of  the  same  year. 
At  the  close  of  his  second  year  in  the  Seminary  he 
was  licensed  by  the  Presbytery  of  Allegheny,  April 
8th,  1856,  an<l  spent  his  Summer  vacation,  of  four 
months,  in  Somerset,  where  he  laid  the  foundation 
of  a  new  Presbyterian  church.  In  the  Fall  he 
returned  to  the  Seminary,  and  graduated  May  13th, 
1S57.  He  then  went  back  to  Somerset,  completed 
the  church  commenced  the  previous  Summer,  and 
rai.seil  the  money  to  free  it  from  all  indebtedness,  but 
declined  the  pastorate,  which  he  was  urged  to  accept. 
Febrmiry  18th,  18.58,  he  was  ordained  and  installed 
pastor  of  the  church  at  Johnstown,  Pa.  ANTiile  here 
he  w;is  successful  in  securing  the  erection  of  two 
buildings  within  tlie  bounds  of  his  congregation  ; 
one,  a  small  building  at  Conemaugh  Station,  chiefly 
for  the  accommodation  of  ineu  employed  by  the  Penn- 
sylvania R;iilroad,  and  their  families  ;  the  other,  a 
large  building  in  Johnstown,  for  the  use  of  the  main 
congregation.  On  October  18th,  1867,  he  resigned 
the  pastorate  at  Johnstown,  to  accept  a  call  to  the  j 
Westrain.ster  Church,  Pliiladelphia,  over  which  he 
w;is  installed,  January  Ulth,  1808.  "mdlst  he  had 
cli;irge  of  this  church  a  heavy  indel>tedness  was 
lifted,  through  his  i)ersisteut  personal  efforts,  and  the 


church  became  very  prosperous.  He  was  installed 
p;»stor  of  the  North  Church,  I'hiladelphia,  May  i2'2d, 
1870,  and  during  liis  connection  with  it  the  congre- 
gation was  prosperous  and  progressive.  All  respected 
him  for  his  ability,  honored  him  for  his  purity  of 
character,  and  loved  him  for  his  kin(,lness  and  sym- 
liathy.  On  December  17th,  188i2,  he  was  in.stalled 
pastor  of  East  Liberty  Church,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Throughout  his  ministerial  career.  Dr.  Agnew  has 
been  an  earnest,  diligent  and  useful  laborer.  Over 
900  persons  have  unitetl  with  the  communion  of  the 
chmches  under  his  care.  He  was  for  three  years  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Publication,  when  he 
declined  re-election.  For  teu  years  he  was  a  meml)er 
of  the  Board  of  Educiition,  was  vice-president  for 
some  years,  and  w;is  afterwards  President  of  the 
Board.     He  was  the  eflScient  stated  clerk   of   the 


BENJAMIN   LASHELLS  AGXEW,  D.D. 

Presbytery  of  Philadelphia  Central,  from  the  time  of 
its  organization  until  1880,  when  he  declined  further 
service  in  that  capacity.  He  was  Moderator  of  the 
Synod  of  Philadelphia.  He  read  a  paper  on  "  Minis- 
terial Support,"  before  the  General  Presbvterian 
Council,  in  1880.  In  all  the  positions  he  has  occu- 
pied he  has  discharged  his  duties  with  fidelity, 
acceptableness  and  success. 

Agne-w,  D.  Hayes,  M.  D.,  LL.  D.,  was  born 
in  Lancaster  County,  Pa.,  in  1818,  and  is  the  son  of 
Dr.  Agnew,  formerly  an  eminent  jihysieian  of  that 
section.  His  classical  education  was  commenced  at 
the  Moscow  Academy,  Chester  County.  He  next 
studied  at  .Teft'ersou  College,  Canon.sburg,-  Pa.,  and 
finally  completed  his  education  at  Newark  College, 


agxeh: 


16 


AGXEW. 


Del. ,  where  one  of  his  rehitives,  the  Kev.  John  I  lolincs 
Agnew,  was  Professor  of  Languages.  His  niecUcal 
training  wius  obtained  at  the  Vniversity  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  he  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession ill  the  rural  districts.  After  .some  years  he 
removed  to  Philadelphia,  where  he  continued  his 
practice,  and  coniincnccd  to  deliver  a  course  of  lectures 
in  the  Philad(li)liia  School  of  Anirtoniy,  in  College 
Avenue.  In  18UU  his  class  in  thi.s  time-honored  in- 
stitution numhercd  2G5  students,  representing  every 
State  in  the  Union.  He  also  est;iblished,  at  the  .siime 
place,  the  Philadelphia  School  of  Operative  Surgerj-. 
He  was  elected,  in  1854,  one  of  the  Surgeons  of  the 
Philadelphia  llo.spital,  and  in  that  institution  he 
founded  the  present  Pathological  Museum,  and  for 
some  time  acted  as  its  Curator. 


"^5*^ 


V.    HAYES   Ai;.\i:w,  M.   ■>.,    I.I..  1>. 

In  ISfi:!  Dr.  Agnew  was  appointed  Demonstrator  of 
Anatomy,  and  As-sistant  Lecturer  on  Clinical  Surgery 
in  the  Medical  Department  of  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania ;  alM>ut  the  siime  time  he  was  elected  one  of 
the  Surgeons  of  Wills  Ophthalmic  Hospitid.  In  1865 
he  was  elected  to  a  similar  position  in  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Hospital,  anil  likewi.se  in  the  Orthopicdic  Hos- 
pit;il.  In  1870  he  was  chost'U  to  till  the  cliair  of 
0|K-rative  Surgery  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  in  the  year  that  followe<l  he  became  Profc'.s.sor  of 
the  Principles  and  Practice  of  Surgery  in  the  same 
institution.  He  is  a  most  skillful,  nipid  and  efficient 
operator  in  every  department  of  gener.il  surgery,  which 
is  his  specialty,  and  his  reputation  is  world-wide  in 
this  resp<'ct.  He  has  paid  ished  a  large  and  exhaust- 
ive w^ork  on  OiK-rative  Surgery,   which  indicates  the 


highest  tyiie  of  jirofessiomil  ability.  During  the  ill- 
ness of  President  Garfield  he  was  summoned  as  one 
of  his  attending  physicians,  and  rendered  most  valu- 
able service. 

Dr.  Agnew  is  a  gentleman  of  fine  personal  and 
social  qualities.  He  combines  amiableuess  of  di.spo- 
sition,  a  winning  address,  and  lirmne.ss  of  purixxse 
with  an  unall'ected  modesty  which  shetLs  its  lustre 
over  his  dignilied  and  symmetrical  character.  He 
is  an  active,  exemplary,  honored  and  u.scful  memln'r 
of  the  Second  Presbj-tcrian  Church,  and,  notwith- 
standing the  great  pressure  of  his  professional  claims, 
is  regular  in  his  ol>ser\auce  of  the  public  and  social 
ordinances  of  worship. 

Agne-w,  Rev.  John  Holmes,  D.D.,  w;vs  born 
in  (kttysburg.  Pa.,  May  lltli,  1>04.  He  graduxited  at 
Dickin.son  College,  under  the  presidency  of  the  dis- 
tinguished Dr.  John  il;ist>n,  and  taught  the  Grammar 
School  in  Carlisle  for  some  time  alter  leaxing  the 
college. 

Mr.  Agnew  pursued  his  theological  studies  in  the 
seminary  at  Princeton,  and  was  licensed  to  preach 
the  gosjiel  by  the  Presbrtery  of  Carlisle,  April  11th, 
18"JT.  That  .s;(nie  year  he  Ixjcame  pastor  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church  in  Uniontown,  Pa.  In  1831  he 
Wiis  elect<'d  Prof<'s.st)r  of  Languages  in  Washington 
College,  Pa.,  which  position  he  resigned  in  1832.  By 
this  institution  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  DixTnity  was 
conferred  uj>ou  him  in  1852.  After  leax'ing  Washing- 
ton he  became  connected  with  the  Grerman  Reformed 
Institution  at  York,  Pa.,  then  a  Professor  in  Jlarion 
College,  Misst>uri,  th<'n  he  filled  a  siniihir  position  in 
Newark  College,  Delaware.  Suksequently  he  w;ls 
Profes.sor  of  Ancient  Languages  in  the  University 
of  >iichigan,  and  after  leaving  this  position  took 
charge  of  Maplewood  Female  Seminary,  Pittsfield, 
Mass.  Dr.  Agnew  was  editor  of  the  Eclertic  ilagazhif, 
the  Biblical  Repertory,  a  qu:irt<Tly  in  the  interest  of 
the  (then)  New  School  branch  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church,  also  of  The  Knickerbocker.  He  was  the 
author  of  a  small  and  valuable  work  on  "The 
'  Sabl)atli,''  from  the  press  of  the  Presbyterian  I{o;ird 
of  Publication,  and  a.s.sisted  in  the  translation  of 
Winer's  Grammar  of  the  New  Testament.  Dr. 
Agnew  died  October  12th,  1805.  One  who  knew  him 
thoroughly  thus  succinctly  delineated  his  character: 
"He  was  generous,  iK-nevolent,  .social,  genial,  gentle- 
manly, scholarly."' 

Agne'W,  Samuel,  M.  D.,  was  lH)rn  at  Millers- 
town.  Adams  County,  Pa.,  .Vngu.st  loth,  1777.  He 
graduated  at  Dickinson  College  in  1798,  and  took  his 
di'gree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine  in  the  Medical  Depart- 
ment <>f  till-  I'niversity  <.<(  Pennsylvania.  During  the 
War  of  1812  he  ser\ed  as  a  surgeon,  and  aft»T  its 
termination  commenced  the  pnictice  of  Medicine  in 
Gettysburg,  but  afterwards  liK'ated  at  Harri.sburg, 
where  he  rapidly  rose  tode.serve<I  eminence,  establish- 
ing a  large  and  Ineraf  is  e  ]iractice.  He  was  an  elder  of 
the  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  that  place  for  fifteen 


AIKEN. 


17 


AIKEN. 


years.      His  death  occurred  November  23d,    1849.  [ 
Dr.  Agnew  was  a  devoted  and  exemplary  Christian. 
Few  men  have  been  better  fitted  in  natural  talents, 
in  education,  in  personal  character  and  in  public 
position,  than  he,  for  a  wide  and  permanent  influence 
of  the  best  and  highest  kind  over  their  fellow-men. 
He  was  a  man  of  not;ible  qualities.     In  the  eye  of  , 
the  world  he  was  one  of  the  marked  men  of  society,  I 
and,  both  in  social  and  professional  life,  ;us  well  as  in 
the  Church,  he  was  promptly  accorded  a  place  as  a 
leader. 

Aiken,  Charles  A.,  D.D.,  is  the  son  of  the 
Hon.  John  and  H.  R.  (Adams)  Aiken,  and  was  bom 


CHABtES  i.  AIKEN,  D.D. 

at  Manchester,  Vt.,  October  30th,  1827.  He  gradu- 
atett  at  Dartmouth  College,  Xew  Hampshire,  in  1846, 
and  after  studying  theology  at  Andover  and  in  Gter- 
many,  completed  the  coiirse  at  Andover  in  18.53.  On 
the  19th  of  October  13.54  he  was  ordained  and  installed 
pastor  of  the  Congregational  Church  at  Yarmouth, 
Maine,  and  continued  in  the  charge  till  1859,  when 
he  was  elected  Professor  of  the  Latin  Language  and 
Literature  in  Dartmouth  College.  In  18G6  he  was 
appointed  Professor  in  the  same  department  in  the 
College  of  New  Jersey,  which  he  held  till  1869,  when 
he  was  elected  President  of  Union  College,  Schenec- 
tady, N.  Y.  In  consequence  of  the  unfovorable 
influence  of  the  climate  upon  the  health  of  his 
family  he  resigned  this  office  after  two  years,  and 
the  same  season  (1371)  was  chosen  to  the  newly 
constituted  Archibald  Alexander  Professorship  of 
Christian  Ethics  and  Apologetics,  in  Princeton  Theo- 
logical Seminary.  In  1882,  in  a  readjustment  of 
2 


departments  he  became  Professor  of  Oriental  and 
Old  Testament  Literature  and  Christian  Ethics.  In 
1872  he  had  been  chosen  a  member  of  the  Old  Testa- 
ment Company  in  the  American  Bible  Revision  Com- 
mittee. Dr.  Aiken  is  the  editor  and  translator  of 
' '  Lange's  Commentary  on  the  Book  of  Proverbs. ' '  He 
has  also  contributed  articles  to  the  Princeton  Eevietc. 

Aiken,  Samuel  Clark,  D.  D.,  was  born  in 
Windham,  Vt.,  September  21st,  1790.  He  died  in 
the  first  hour  of  the  fir.st  day  of  the  first  month  of 
1879,  aged  88  years.  The  voice  at  midnight  came. 
WTiUe  the  bells  of  Cleveland  were  ringing  out  a  joyful 
welcome  to  the  new  year,  this  beloved  father  in  Israel 
was  welcomed  into  the  joy  of  his  Lord. 

His  parents  were  of  Scotch-Irish  descent,  godly 
people  in  daily  practice  as  well  as  in  public  profession. 
The  Bible,  the  Shorter  Catechism,  Watts'  Psalms  and 
Hymns,  and  Doddridge's  Rise  and  Progress  of  Religion 
in  the  Soul,  composed  the  reading  matter  of  the  child 
Samuel,  and  in  his  childhood  he  knew  the  Lord.  He 
graduated  at  Middlebury  College,  having  there  for 
his  classmates  Silas  Wright,  Governor  and  Senator  ; 
Samuel  Nelson,  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court ;  Carlos 


•^^MUFL  CLABK   AIKFN     D  D 


WUcos,  preacher  and  poet ;  Pliny  Fisk  and  Levi 
Parsons,  and,  greatest  of  all,  Sylvester  Lamed,  the 
"American  Whitefield,"  who  gathered  the  first  Pres- 
byterian church  in  New  Orleans,  and  died  there,  at 
the  age  of  24  years.  He  studied  theology  at  Andover, 
and  in  1817  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Presbytery 
of  Londonderry,  and  in  1818  was  installed  pastor  of 
the  First  Presbyterian  Church  in  Utica,  N.  \'.,  where 
his  ministry  of  seventeen  years  was  greatly  successful. 


ALDEN. 


18 


ALEXANDER. 


In  1835  he  was  installed  the  first  pastor  of  the 
only  Presbyterian  church  in  Cleveland;  he  found 
the  church  weak  in  numbers,  but  uiuUr  his  vigorous, 
though  conservative  ministry,  it  became  prosperous 
and  strong.  When  he  had  been  sole  pastor  of  this 
church  for  twentj'-three  years,  Rev.  Dr.  William  H. 
Goodrich  became  his  Associate  Pastor,  Dr.  Aiken  re- 
maining Pastor  Emeritus,  ■  and  receiving  Irom  the 
church  a  liberal  annuity  for  the  twenty  remaining 
years  of  his  life.  It  is  not  easy  to  sum  up  the  results 
of  Dr.  Aiken's  labors  in  Cleveland,  for  they  flowed 
into  all  the  other  Evangelical  congregations  in  the 
city.  ' '  The  Old  Stone  Church  ' '  h;is  a  numerous 
famUy  of  daughters,  all  of  whom  rise  up  and  call 
her  blessed.  Dr.  Aiken's  spirit  and  example  will 
long  live  in  the  churches  of  Cleveland,  and  thousands 
speak  his  name  with  reverence  and  love.  In  person 
he  -yvas  tall,  well  proportioned  and  of  pleasing  and 
impressive  countenance.  Socially  he  was  a  model 
gentleman.  His  mental  powers  were  of  a  high  order, 
and  as  a  preacher  and  pastdr  he  stood  in  the  first 
rank. 

Alden,  Joseph,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  was  born  in 
Cairo,  New  York,  in  1807,  and  graduated  at  Union 
College  in  18'2S;  after  which  he  studied  theology  in 
Princeton  Seminary,  and  was  two  years  a  Tutor  in 
the  College.  He  was  then  successively  Professor  of 
Khetoric  in  Williams  College,  Massachusetts;  Pro- 
fessor of  Moral  Philosophy  in  Lafayette  College,  Penn- 
sylvania; I'resident  of  JelFersou  College,  Pennsylva- 
nia, and  Principal  of  the  State  Normal  School, 
Albany,  New  York,  1867-80.  Dr.  Alden  is  the  author 
of  several  instructive  works  for  the  young,  and  has 
been  a  constant  and  popular  contributor  to  the  peri- 
odical literature  of  the  country.  In  the  volume  of 
the  PrinnioH  Ilcvirw  for  1830,  he  reviewed  Payne's 
Elements  of  Mental  and  Moral  Science,  and  .Dugald 
Stewart's  works. 

Alden,  Rev.  Timothy,  was  of  Puritan  ances- 
try. He  was  born  at  Yarmouth,  Ma.ss.,  August  28th, 
1771.  He  entered  Harvard  in  1790,  and  graduatetl 
in  1794.  He  seems  to  have  engaged  .somewhat  in  the 
study  of  theology  during  his  collegiate  course. 
Whilst  teaching  at  Marblehead,  Mass.,  he  was 
licensed' to  preach  the  gospel.  Xovenibcr  20th,  1799, 
he  was  ordained  as eo-p.astor  with  Dr.  Haven,  over  the 
church  of  Portsmouth,  N.  H.  He  resigned  his  charge, 
July  31st,  1805,  but  continued  his  labors  there  until 
1808,  when  he  opened  a  ladies'  school  in  Boston.  In 
1810  he  took  charge  of  the  young  ladies'  department 
in  the  Academy  at  Newark,  N.  J.,  and  after  a  few- 
years  opened  a  school  for  young  ladies  in  the  city  of 
New  York.  .July  2-*th,  1817,  he  w:us  inaugurated 
President  and  Profe.s.sor  in  the  Paeulty  of  ,\ll<gluny 
College,  Meadville,  Pa.  He  became  a  memlier  of  the 
Presbytery  of  Erie,  April  2d,  luKi.  He  delight<'d  in 
niifisiouary  work,  and  for  many  successive  years 
lalKjred  for  a  time  among  the  Seneca  and  Munsec 
Indians,  who  had  reservations  in  northwe.';tern  Penn- 


sylvania and  southwestern  New  York.  Mr.  Alden's 
connection  with  Allegheny  College  terminated  in  No- 
vember 1831.  He  opened  a  boarding  school  in  Cincin- 
nati in  1832,  and  in  1834  took  charge  of  the  Academy 
at  East  Liberty,  Pa.,  becoming  also  stilted  supply  to 
the  congregation  of  Pine  Creek,  in  that  region.  He 
died,  July  5th,  1839.  Besides  many  occasional  ser- 
mons and  addresses,  Jlr.  Alden  published,  in  1814, 
' '  A  collection  of  American  Ej)itaphs, "  in  five  vol- 
umes, 18mo,  and  in  1827,  a  "Illston,'  of  Sundry 
Missions,"  and  in  1>'21,  a  "Hebrew  Catechi.sm." 

Alexander,  Archibald,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.  No 
other  name  on  the  records  of  the  I'resbyterian  Church 
carries  with  it  a  greater  charm  than  this,  to  the  de- 
nomination of  which  he  whom  it  designates  was  so 
distingmshed   and   beloved  a  representative.     It  is 


AII('II1B.VLD  ALEXANDER,  D.  P.,  LL.   D. 

blended  with  the  most  endearing  and  enduring  a.sso- 
ciations,  and  invested  with  an  admiration  and  an 
honor  which  are  imperishable. 

Dr.  Alexander  was  born  near  Lexington,  Va.,  .\pril 
17th,  1772.  His  chissieal  and  theological  studies  were 
pursued  under  the  direction  of  the  Rev.  William 
Graham,  of  Liberty  Hall,  afterward  Washington  Col- 
lege. He  was  licensed  at  the  early  age  of  nineteen, 
and  on  ex])ressing  his  dilVideiu'c.  Presbytery  assigned 
him  tor  a  text,  "Say  not  1  am  a  child"  (Jer.  i,  7). 
Aft<T  spending  a  year  or  more  in  missionary  lalwr, 
according  to  the  rules  of  the  Syirod,  he  w:ls  ordained, 
and  installed  pa.stor  of  liricry  Chureb,  November  7th, 
1794.  In  179ti  he  Wiis  chosen  I'resident  of  Hampdeu- 
Sidney  College,  at  the  age  of  twenty-four.  May  20th, 
1807,  he  w;is  installed  over  Pine  Street  Church,  Phila- 


ALEXANDER. 


19 


ALEXANDER. 


(ielphia.  In  the  same  year,  being  thirty-five,  he  was 
elected  Moderator  of  the  General  Assembly,  and  in 
his  sermon  made  the  suggestion  of  a  Theological  Semi- 
nary. In  1812  he  was  appointed  Professor  in  the 
Theological  Seminary  just  established  at  Princeton. 
Here  he  remained  for  the  rest  of  his  life,  moulding,  j 
during  forty  years,  the  studies  and  characters  of  two 
generations  of  ministers.  His  name  was  widely 
known  in  other  lands,  as  well  as  our  own.  When 
the  late  Dr.  Thoma.s  Smj^;he,  of  Charleston,  S.  C,  was 
a  student  in  Highbury,  England,  and  thought  of 
coming  to  America,  he  a.sked  his  Professors  to  what 
seminary  he  should  direct  his  .steps.  They  told  him, 
by  all  means,  to  go  where  Drs.  Alexander  and  Miller 
were. 

When  in  the  prime  of  life,  Dr.  Alexander  was  thin, 
though  he  afterwards  grew  more  stout,  with  an 
inclination  to  corpulence  ;  his  complexion  was  clear, 
and  his  soft  brown  hair  already  beginning  to  be  sil- 
vered, albeit,  it  never  became  altogether  white;  his 
countenance  was  wonderfully  mobile  and  animated, 
and  his  eye  like  that  of  an  eagle.  Latterly  he  had  a 
stoop  of  the  shoulder  and  a  characteristic  swaying, 
irregular  gait.  A  broad  cloak  hung  at  an  angle  on 
one  side,  and  he  would  dart  sudden  downward 
glances  to  the  right  or  left.  He  was  of  mercurial 
spirits,  and  in  the  social  circle  and  at  the  home  fire- 
side often  full  of  vivacity,  affectionate  gaiety,  and 
humor.  In  his  best  moods  it  would  be  hard  to  find 
his  equal  as  a  racnntrur.  He  w;us,  however,  subject 
to  fits  of  silence  and  depression.  Few  men  were  ever 
more  deeply  reverenced  or  widely  loved.  His  life 
was  "hid  with  Christ  in  God. ' '  For  an  hour,  at  twi- 
light, every  evening,  he  suffered  no  interruption  of 
his  privacy,  and  was  believed  to  be  then  engaged  in 
devotional  or  serious  meditation.  His  face  came  to 
show  unmistakable  traces  of  a  mellowed  Christian 
experience.  His  very  appearance  Avas  that  of  a  holy 
as  well  as  aged  and  benevolent  man.  When  preach- 
ing the  funeral  sermon  of  his  colleague.  Dr.  Miller, 
he  announced  his  own  departure  as  near  at  hand,  and 
made  his  preparations  for  the  great  journey  as  calmly  | 
and  methodically  as  if  he  had  been  going  back  to 
Rockbridge,  among  his  native  mountains  in  old  | 
Virginia. 

Dr.  Alexander  was  seized  with  his  final  illness  in 
the  summer  of  1851.  When  Dr.  Hodge  visited  him 
for  the  last  time,  he  expressed  his  desii-e  that  Dr. 
John  McDowell  shovild  preach  his  funeral  sermon,  but 
with  the  injunction  that  he  should  not  utter  one 
word  of  eulogy.  He  then,  with  a  smile,  handed  Dr. 
Hodge  a  white  bone  walking-stick,  which  had  been 
presented  to  him  by  one  of  the  chiefs  of  the  Sand- 
wich Island.s,  s;n"ing,  "You  must  leave  this  to  your 
successor  in  office,  that  it  may  be  handed  down  as  a 
kind  of  symbol  of  orthodoxy."  In  his  illness,  his 
e;irlv  days  seemed  to  pa.ss  in  review  before  him,  and 
during  one  of  tho.se  nights  in  which  his  devoted  vrife 
was  watching  by  his  side,  he  broke  out  into  a  solilo-  I 


quy,  rehearsing  God's  gracious  dealings  with  his 
soul.  "  He  was  especially  thankful,"  says  his  son, 
"that  our  dear  mother  was  permitted  to  wait  on  him 
to  the  last,  and  when  approaching  his  end,  he  said, 
with  great  tenderness,  '  my  dear,  one  of  my  last  prayers 
will  be  that  you  may  have  as  serene  and  painless  a 
departure  as  mine.'  "  He  died  October  '22d,  of  that 
year.  The  Eev.  William  E.  Schenck,  D.  D. ,  who  was 
at  that  time  pastor  of  the  church  with  which  Dr. 
Alexander's  family  was  connected,  thus  refers  to  the 
closing  scene  :  "There  was  nothing  excited,  nothing 
exultant,  and  yet  it  seemed  to  be  thoroughly 
triumphant,  a  calm,  belieWng,  cheerful  looking 
through  the  gloomy  grave  into  the  glories  of  the 
eternal  world.  It  was  the  steady,  unfaltering  step 
of  a  genuine  Christian  philosopher,  as  well  as  an 
eminent  saint,  erincing  his  own  thorough,  heartfelt 
and  practical  belief  in  the  doctrines  he  had  so  long 
and  so  ably  preached,  as  he  descended  into  the 
dark  valley  of  the  shadow  of  death. ' 

On  Friday,  October  24th,  Dr.  Alexander's  precious 
remains  were  deposited  in  the  cemetery  at  Princeton, 
in  the  presence  of  a  group  such  as  had  seldom  been 
gathered  in  one  spot  in  any  part  of  our  land.  There 
were  the  students  and  Faculty  of  the  College  of  New 
Jersey,  and  those  of  the  Theological  Seminary,  the 
entire  Sj'nod  of  New  Jersey,  and  many  members  of 
the  Synods  of  New  York  and  Philadelphia,  besides  a 
crowd  of  other  spectators,  a  numerous  company  of 
God's  ministers  and  people,  all  feeling  that  a  great 
man  in  Israel  had  fallen. 

As  a  preacher,  Dr.  Alexander  was  equaled  by  few 
and  surpassed  by  none.  There  was  a  charm  in  his 
mini.strations  that  no  one  who  ever  heaid  him  can 
forget.  His  unique  and  inimitable  manner,  so  simple, 
.so  vivacious,  so  earnest;  was  sure  to  rivet  the  atten- 
tion. His  discourses  were  replete  with  instruction 
drawn  tresh  from  the  fountain  of  wisdom.  He  had 
the  rare  faculty  of  making  didactic  and  familiar 
topics  interesting,  even  to  persons  of  no  religion,  for 
his  sermons  partook  of  the  \-itality  and  freshness  of 
his  mind,  which  was  like  a  perennial  fountain  sending 
off  its  sparkling  waters.  He  also  possessed  the  capac- 
ity of  exciting  religious  emotion  in  a  most  remarkable 
degree.  He  could  set  forth  the  gospel  in  its  adaptation 
to  the  endlessly  diversified  states  of  human  feeling, 
with  a  skill  and  efiecr  truly  wonderful .  And  the  facility 
with  which  he  could  awaken  emotions  of  gratitude, 
praise,  contrition,  joy,  and  the  like,  gave  him  a  rare 
control  over  any  Christian  auditory.  Another  element 
of  his  power  in  the  pulpit  was  his  earnest  sympathy 
with  his  kind.  He  never  sank  the  man  in  the 
philosopher,  nor  the  citizen  and  patriot  in  the  divine. 
Ilis  sterling  common  sense  formed  a  bond  of  union 
between  himself  and  his  fellow  men,  which  neither 
his  schola.stic  pursuits  nor  his  high  spiritual  attain- 
ments ever  weakened  or  tarni.shcd;  but,  above  all, 
his  eminent  piety  was  the  source  of  his  great  power 
as  a  preacher,  and  in  all  the  spheres  he  occupied,  it 


ALEXANDER. 


20 


ALEXANDER. 


was  to  his  character  what  the  soul  is  to  the  body — the 
pervading,  life-giving,  governing  principle,  and  it 
would  be  difficult  to  speak  of  hini  in  any  of  his  rela- 
tions or  pursuits  without  recognizing  the  fact  of  his 
singular  attainments  in  holiness.  It  was  his  rare 
fortune  to  maintain  an  unsullied  reputation  for  su- 
perior piety,  wisdom,  benevolence  and  consistency, 
throughout  a  ministry  of  nearly  sixty  years. 

Of  American  divTnes,  the  names  of  Edwards  and 
Alexandertake  the  first  place,  and  between  the  lives 
of  Brown,  of  Haddington,  and  Dr.  Alexander,  there 
is  a  striking  resemblance;  they  both,  in  early  life, 
were  educated  under  difficulties,  with  irrepressible 
desires  for  knowledge;  they  not  only  overcame  their 
disadvantages,  but  became  di.stinguished  for  their 
learning.  Their  studies  and  their  works  were  to 
advance  the  practical  and  the  useful.  They  both 
became  the  educators  of  numerous  ministers  who 
treasured  their  instructions  and  revered  their  virtues. 
They  were  both  happy  in  their  domestic  cLrcumstan- 1 
ces,  and  left  behind  them  a  numerous  tamily  of 
children  and  grandchildren,  who,  trained  under 
happier  auspices,  built  on  the  foundation  they  had  ; 
laid,  and  made  the  names  more  illustrious.  They 
were  respected  by  the  men  of  their  own  time,  and 
their  names,  and  their  writings  will  descend  as  the 
heirlooms  of  the  godly  to  all  generations. 

Dr.  Alexiinder's  published  writings  are  too  numer- 
ous to  recite  here.  We  may  only  mention  "  History 
of  the  Colonization  Society, "  "  Evidences  of  the 
Christian  Religion,"  "Thoughts  on  Eeligion," 
"Counsels  to  the  Aged,"  "Practical  Sermons,"  all 
of  which  are  works  of  much  interest  and  value.  He 
also  published  numerous  tracts,  and  was  a  frequent 
contributor  to  the  Princeton  Ervicw. 

Alexander,  Rev.  Caleb,  was  born  in  North- 
fleld,  Ma.ss.,  on  the  2'2d  of  July,  1755.  He  graduated 
at  Yale  in  1777,  and  took  his  second  degree  at  Brown 
University  in  1789  ;  on  the  14th  of  October  1778,  he  was 
licensed  to  preach  the  gospel  by  the  Eastern  Associa- 
tion of  New  London  county.  February  iJSth,  1781, 
he  became  pastor  of  the  cliiireh  in  New  JIarl borough,  ' 
and  on  April  liJth,  1786,  Wius  installed  over  the  ' 
church  in  Mendon,  JIiuss.  In  1801,  lie  was  ai)]>ointed 
by  the  Ma.s.'<;ichusetts  Missionary  Society  to  visit  the 
churches  and  Indians  in  the  western  jiart  of  Xew 
York.  He  resigned  the  charge  of  his  church,  December 
7th,  1802,  to  go  west.  On  his  return  to  the  State  of 
New  York,  he  divided  his  ministerial  labors  among 
the  three  chunhes  of  Salisbury,  Norway  and  Fair- 
field. When  Hamilton  Academy,  at  Clinton,  was 
advanced  to  the  dignity  of  a  college,  lie  was,  July 
22d,  1812,  unanimously  elected  its  President,  but 
did  not  accept  the  position.  The  s;niie  year  he  be- 
came I'rincipal  of  an  acjulemy  at  Onondaga  Hollow. 
After  resigning  the  place,  he  engaged  with  great  zeal 
and  energy  in  the  founding  of  the  Theological  Semi- 
naiy  at  Auburn.  He  died  at  Onondaga,  April  12th, 
1828,  in  the  seventy-third  year  of  his  age. 


Alexander,  Rev.  David,  was  a  native  of 
Ireland.  He  may  have  been  educated  at  the  Log 
College,  and  licensed  by  Newc;vstle  Presbytery.  He 
was  ordained  and  installed  pastor  of  Pequea  Church, 
in  the  Presbj-tery  of  Donegal,  October  18th,  1738. 
The  West  End  (Leacock)  petitioned  that  a  portion  of 
his  time  might  be  given  to  them.  In  1741  Leacock 
was  declared  by  the  Synod  entitled  to  all  the  privi- 
leges of  any  vacant  congregation.  Mr.  .Vlexander  let 
no  man  outstrip  him  in  his  violation  of  all  rules  in 
his  treatment  of  those  whom  he  esteemed  ' '  opposers 
of  the  work."  He  was  suspended  by  his  Pre.sbj-tery 
tUl ' '  satisfaction  was  given  for  his  disregardful  conduct 
to  them,  and  his  refusal  to  submit  to  the  government 
of  Christ's  Chiu'ch  in  their  hands."  The  conjunct 
Presbyteries  of  New  Brunswick  and  Newcastle 
appointed  him,  on  account  of  "the  necessity  in  -the 
Great  Valley,"  to  supply  there.  From  that  time  his 
history  cannot  be  traced. 

Alexander,  Rev.  James  Calvin,  was  born  of 
Scotch-Irish  parents,  in  Lincoluton,  North  Carolina, 
October  the  2d,  1831,  but  spent  the  most  of  his  child- 
hood and  youth  in  Statcsville  and  Iredell  county, 
North  Carolina.  He  completed  his  education  at 
Davidson  College,  North  Carolina,  with  the  cla.ss  of 
1855,  and  was  prepared  for  the  ministry  at  the  Theo- 
logical Seminary  in  Columbia,  South  Carolina,  grad- 
uating, after  the  full  course,  in  1859.  In  April  of  the 
same  year  he  Wiis  licensed  to  preach  by  tlie  Presby- 
tery of  Concord,  and  in  April,  18G1,  was  ordained 
and  installed  pxstor  of  Buffalo  and  Bethel  churches, 
Guilford  county,  in  Orange  Presbytery,  in  which 
charge,  venerable  for  age,  he  has  continued  to  the 
present  time  (1883). 

Mr.  Alexander  has  taken  rank  as  one  of  the  most 
useful  ministers  and  acceptable  pastors  in  the  Synod 
of  North  Carolina.  As  a  preacher,  he  has  not  culti- 
vated, nor  is  he  remarkable  for,  the  ^aces  of  oratory; 
but  he  is,  by  reason  of  the  strength  of  his  convictions 
and  the  earnestness  of  delivery,  a  very  effective 
speaker.  His  sermons  are  characterized  by  the  sim- 
plicity of  their  style,  scripturalness,  cle:irness  of 
expo.sition,  and  vigor  in  the  application  of  truth.  He 
pos.sesses  the  gift  of  sound  judgiiu'iit  and  practical 
common  sense  in  a  high  degree.  His  Presbytery 
(Orange)  hiis  for  years  entrusted  to  him  the  manage- 
ment of  missionary  and  evangelistic  operations  within 
its  bounds,  the  delicate  and  onerous  duties  of  which 
important  post  he  has  continued  to  discharge  with 
entire  accejitance  to  the  Church.  The  jwople  of  his 
charge  are  warmly  attached  to  him.  and  the  feeling 
is  reciprocated  in  the  coutiiiuaiue  of  a  pastoral  con- 
nection formed  upwards  of  twenty-two  years  ago. 

Alexander,  Rev.  James  H.,  w;us  the  oldest 
child  of  Josiab  Pinikney  Alexander,  and  Marg-.iret 
Amina  (Steele)  Alexander,  and  w:us  born  in  Pul;i.ski, 
Giles  County,  Tenn.,  July  IGtli,  182fi.  Having  gradu- 
ated at  Oglethorpe  llniversity,  July,  1849,  he  entered 
the  Theological  Seminan-  at   Columbia,   S.  C,  and 


ALKXAXDER. 


21 


ALEXANDER. 


graduated  1852.  He  was  licensed  by  Matiry  (now 
Columbia)  Presbytery,  September,  1852;  was  ordained 
by  tbe  Presbytery  of  Tuscaloosa,  October  26th,  1854, 
and  at  once  installed  pastor  of  Payneville  and  Eliza- 
beth churches,  in  Alabama.  In  1856  he  was  installed 
pastor  of  Kosciusko  Church,  where  he  is  still  laboring. 
For  three  years  he  labored  also  as  stated  supply  in  the 
churchesof  Poplar  Creek  and  French  Camp.  After  this, 
in  1860  and  1861,  he  supplied  Carthage  Church.  In 
1869  he  organized  Durant  Church,  and  preached  there 
four  j-cars,  after  which  he  gave  his  whole  time  to  his 
pastoral  charge,  laboring  also  in  mission  fields  near. 
For  three  years  he  was  Principal  of  the  Kosciusko 
Female  College,  and  for  five  years  was  Superintendent 
of  Public  Education  of  his  county.  He  has  been  the 
efficient  chairman  of  the  Committee  of  Home  Jlissjons 
iu  his  Pre.sbytery  (Central  Mississippi)  for  about 
twenty  years. 

Mr.  Alexander  is  reserved,  but  polite  and  agreeable 
in  his  manners.  He  is  not  demonstrative,  but  the 
kindest  and  truest  of  husbands,  and  a  most  aft'ection- 
ate  father.  He  is  an  exemplary  and  influential  citi- 
zen. His  preaching  is  plain,  earnest  and  Scriptural, 
and  has  been  greatly  blessed  of  God.  But  it  is  espe- 
cially in  his  pastoral  work,  and  in  his  influence  in 
winning  young  men  to  the  ministry,  that  he  has 
rendered  his  best  and  most  permanent  services  to  the 
cause  of  the  Master.  No  one  was  ever  more  punctual 
as  a  presbj-ter,  and  his  words  among  his  brethren  are 
always  courteous,  judicious  and  safe.  He  has  been  a 
member  of  three  General  Assemblies. 

Alexander,  James  "Waddel,  D.D.,  the  eldest 
son  of  Eev.  Archibald  and  Janetta  (Waddel),  Alex- 
ander, was  born  iu  Louisa  county,  Va.,  March  13th, 
1804.  Surrounded  by  the  happiest  influences,  his 
active  mind  developed  freely  and  rapidly;  he  was  a 
frank,  open-hearted,  generous  boy.  At  college, 
though  the  most  youthful  of  his  class,  the  attractive 
simplicity  and  loveliness  of  his  character  won  for  him 
the  affection  of  all.  He  graduated  at  the  College  of 
New  Jersey,  in  1820,  was  appointed  Tutor  in  the 
same  Institution  in  1824,  and  was  licensed  by  New 
Brunswick  Presb.\-tery  the  same  year  ;  he  resigned 
his  tutorship  in  1825,  and  became  pastor  of  the  Pres- 
bj-terian  Church  at  Clurlotte  C.  H. ,  Ya. ;  here  he 
labored  two  years,  when  he  received  a  call  to  the 
First  Presbj'terian  Church,  Trenton,  N.  J.,  which  he 
accepted.  In  1830  he  resigned  his  charge,  and  be- 
came editor  of  the  Presbyterian,  published  in  Phila- 
delphia. In  1833,  he  accepted  the  appointment  of 
Professor  of  Rhetoric  and  Belles  Lettres  in  the  Col- 
lege of  New  Jersey,  and  discharged  the  duties  of  this 
office  until  1844,  when  he  became  pastor  of  the  I)iuine 
Street  Presbyterian  Church,  New  York.  In  1849  he 
was  appointed  Professor  of  Ecclesi;xstical  History  and 
Church  Government  in  the  Theological  Seminary  at 
Princeton,  N.  J. 

'  In  1851  Dr.  Alexander  accepted  a  call  to  become 
pastor  of  the   Fifth  Avenue  Presbj'teriuu   Church, 


New  York,  where  he  continned  until  his  death, 
which  took  place  at  the  Red  Sweet  Springs,  Va. 
His  health  had  been  somewhat  feeble,  and  he  had 
visited  the  Springs  iu  hope  of  restoration,  but  in  this 
he  was  disappointed.  He  died  July  31st,  1859.  His 
body  was  taken  to  Princeton,  N.  J.,  where  it  was 
buried  by  the  side  of  his  sainted  father.  Dr.  Alexan- 
der was  eminent  as  a  Christian,  gifted  as  a  writer, 
and  successful  as  a  preacher  and  pastor.  His  excel- 
lent tiilents,  fine  scholarship  and  large  influence 
were  all  consecrated  to  the  cause  of  Christ.  Among 
his  numerous  and  valuable  publiaitions  were:  "The 
American  Mechanic  and  Working  Man,"  "Good, 
Better,  Best,  or,  the  Three  Ways  of  Slaking  a  Happy 
World,"  "The  Scripture  Guide,  a  Familiar  Intro- 
duction to  the  Study  of  the  Bible,"  "Thoughts  on 
Family  Worship, "  "Poverty  and  CYime  in  Cities," 
"  Forty  Y'ears'  Letters,"  "  Plain  Words  to  a  Y'oung 
Communicant,"  "Consolation,  in  discourses  on 
select  topics  addres.sed  to  the  suffering  people  of 
God,"  and  "  Di-scourses  on  Common  Topics  of  Chris- 
tian Faith  and  Practice." 

Alexander,  Rev.  Joseph,  D.  D. ,  graduated  at 
Princeton  College  in  1T6U;  was  licensed  by  the  New 
Castle  Presbytery  in  1767;  the  same  year  w.os  installed 
pastor  of  the  Sugar  Creek  Presbyterian  Church,  iu 
North  Carolina,  where  he  established  a  classical  school 
which  soon  attained  a  high  reputation.  In  a  few 
years  he  became  pastor  of  Union  Church,  South 
Carolina,  where  he  remained  until  1773,  when  he  was 
installed  pastor  of  Bullock's  Creek  Church,  and  con- 
tinued to  be  so  until  1801.  Dr.  Alexander  was  as 
active  in  the  cause  of  education  iu  South  Carolina 
as  he  had  lieen  in  North  Carolina.  He  was  endowed 
with  fine  talents,  and  was  an  uncommonly  animated 
and  popular  preacher.  He  was  an  ardent  patriot 
throughout  the  Revolution.  He  died  July  30th, 
1809. 

Alexander,  Joseph  Addison,  D.  D.,  the  third 
son  of  Rev.  Archibald  and  Janetta  (Waddel)  Alex- 
ander, was  born  in  Philadelphia,  April  24th,  1809. 
His  early  education  was  obtained  under  the  imme- 
diate superx-isiou  of  his  parents,  and  owing  to  an  in- 
tellectual vigor  rare  indeed,  his  powers  of  acquiring 
knowledge  were  amazing,  especially  in  the  department 
of  languages.  In  1825  he  graduated  at  the  College 
of  New  Jersey,  with  the  highest  honors  of  his  class. 
He  was  elected  Tutor,  but  declined  the  appointment, 
and,  with  Mr.  Patton,  founded  Edgchill  School,  at 
Princeton.  He  .studied  theology  at  home  and  at  the 
University  of  Halle  and  Berlin,  in  Europe.  He  was 
licen.sed  and  ordained  by  New  Brvmswick  Presbytery 
in  1832,  and  became  as-sistant  instructor  of  the  Hebrew 
and  the  Greek  text  of  the  Bible,  in  the  Princeton 
Theological  Seminar}';  in  1835  he  was  appointed  As- 
sociate Professor,  and  in  1840  sole  Professor  of  Bibli- 
cal and  Oriental  Literature;  in  1851  he  was  transferred 
to  the  chair  of  Biblical  and  Ecclesiastical  Historj-; 
and  iu  1859,  at  his  own  request,  he  was  assigned  the 


ALEXANDER. 


22 


ALEXAXDER. 


department  of  Hellenistic  Greek  and  New  Testament 
Literature.  Tlie  main  business  of  his  life  was  with 
the  Holy  Bible,  giving  lo  theological  research  and 
instruction  all  the  tnirgies  of  his  m;issive  intellect. 

Dr.  Ale.xaudcr'.s  gig-antic  mind  was  in  full  ^^gor 
until  the  day  before  his  death.  Ou  the  morning  of 
that  day  he  was  occuj)ied  with  hi.s  usual  course  of 
polyglot  reading  in  the  Bible,  being  accustomed  to 
read  the  Scriptures  in  some  six  different  languages, 
as  part  of  his  daily  devotions.  He  seems  also  to  have 
entertained  himself,  during  some  part  of  the  day, 
with  one  of  the  Greek  classics,  Herodotus,  a.s  a  pencU 
mark  on  the  margin,  "  .Jauu.iry '27th,  1860,"  is  said  J 
to  show.  In  the  afternoon  of  that  day  he  rode  out  in 
the  open  air  for  the  first  time  since  his  atta<-k  of 
hemorrhage.     During  that  ride,  however,  which  was 


JOSKPH  ADDISON  ALEXANDER,  D.  D. 

not  continued  more  than  forty-five  minutes,  a  sudden 
sinking  of  life  came  on  him,  so  much  so  that  he  was 
borne  almost  entirely  by  the  help  of  others  from  the 
carriage.  Tlie  sinking  continued  all  Friday  night, 
and  on  Saturday  he  w:is  hardly  conscious  of  anj'tliing 
until  he  died.  His  death  was  ])erfeelly  calm,  with- 
out a  struggle,  without  one  heaving  breath.  His 
death  occurred  in  his  study,  .January,  2Stli,  1860. 

Dr.  Alexander's  preaching  wa.s  attractive  through 
the  beauty,  and  often  the  elociuence,  of  the  composi- 
tion, thougli  nut  accompanied  with  any  of  the  arts  of 
elocution,  unless  such  its  are  found  in  a  mehHlious 
voice  and  earnest  manner.  His  .sermons  were  sure  to 
be  original,  evangelie^il,  forcible,  elegant  and  tending 
to  practical  eft'eet  ujion  the  conscience.  He  was  a 
frequent  contributor   to    the  Prinecton   Review,  and 


for  a  time  served  with  Professor  Dod  as  its  editor. 
As  an  author  he  took  high  rank.  A  volume  of  his 
fragmentary  "Notes  on  New  Testament  Literature 
and  Ecclesiastical  Historj-"  was  posthumously  pul>- 
lished  in  1861.  In  18.)1  appeared  his  "Psalms  Tran.s- 
latcd  and  Explained,"  in  tlirce  volumes.  In  18o7 
"The  Acts  of  the  Apcstles  Explained,"  in  two 
volumes.  In  1858  "The  Gospel,  According  to  Mark, 
Explained,"  in  one  volume.  The  Commentary  on 
Matthew  was  unfinished  at  his  death,  but  so  much 
as  he  had  prepared  w:ls  publLshed  in  1861,  as  the  last 
work  on  which  his  pen  was  engaged. 

Alexander,  Samuel  Davies,  D.D.,  the  fifth 
son  of  Dr.  Archibald  .\lexander,  was  born  at  Prince- 
ton, N.  J.,  Slay  3d,  1819,  and  graduated  ai  the  Col- 
legs  of  New  Jersey,  in  1838.  At  first  he  studied 
civil  engineering,  but  afterwards  decided  to  devote 
himself  to  the  ministry,  and  entered  the  Princeton 
Theological  Seminary.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  in 
1847,  and  in  1848  w.as  pastor  of  the  church  at  Port 
Richmond,  Philadelphia.  He  accepted  a  call  to  the 
Village  Clnirch  at  Freehold,  New  Jersey,  in  1850, 
and  continued  in  that  charge  till  1855,  when  he 
removed  to  the  City  of  New  York,  and  became  pastor 
of  the  Fifteenth  Street  Church,  now  the  Phillips 
Church,  where  ho  has  ever  since  remained,  laboring 
with  faithfulness  and  success.  Dr.  Alexander  is  the 
author  of  the  article  on  the  "Editions  of  the  Pil- 
grim's Progress,"  in  the  volume  of  the  Princeton 
Review  for  18.59. 

Alexander,  Stephen,  LL.D.,  was  bom  in 
Schenectady,  X.  Y.,  September  1st,  1806.  He  was 
graduated  at  Union  College  in  1824,  and  subsequently 
at  Princeton  Theological  Seminarj-,  where  he  re- 
ceived license  to  preach.  He  became  a  Tutor  in 
Princeton  College  in  18:>3,  and  was  connected  with 
that  institutiim  until  his  decejuse.  In  the  year  fol- 
lowing his  appointment  as  Tutor  "he  was  made 
adjunct  Profe.s-sor  of  Mathematics,  and  in  1840  was 
nuule  Professor  of  Astronomy,  a  position  crcatetl  in 
that  year.  On  the  death  of  Dr.  Allx-rt  D.  Dod,  in 
184.'j,  he  wai  made  Professor  of  Mathematics,  and  in 
1854  he  was  appointed  Professor  of  Mechanical 
Philosophy  and  A.stronomy.  In  1862  he  was  made 
Profes.sor  of  Natural  Philosophy  and  Astronomy  ; 
and  in  1873,  astronomy  haxing  become  so  important 
a  factor  in  the  course,  he  was  relieved  from  philo- 
sophical work  and  made  Profes.sor  of  Astronomy,  a 
position  he  held  until  1877,  when  he  retired  from 
the  active  e.xercise  of  his  duties,  being  appointed 
Professor  Emeritus,  and  w;is  succeeded  by  Profes.sor 
Charles  A.  Young,  who  Wiis  called  to  the  chair  from 
Dartmouth  College.  In  1860  he  went  to  the  coast  of 
Ijubrador  at  the  head  of  a  CW)vernment  Astronomical 
Exp<'diliim  to  ol>serve  the  ediiise  of  July  18th.  Nine 
years  later  he  w:us  with  an  expedition  to  the  Rocky 
Mountains  to  observe  the  solar  eclipse  of  August  of 
that  year. 

He    was    the     author     of    numerous    papers    ou 


ALEXAyDKli. 


23 


ALISON. 


astronomy,  mathematics,  and  kindred  subjects,  which 
attracted  much  attention  both  in  this  country  and  in 
Europe.  Among  the  best  known  of  these  were 
"Physical  Phenomena  Attendant  upon  Solar 
Eclipses;"  "Fundamental  Principles  of  Mathema- 
tics;"  "  Originof  the  Forms  and  the  Present  Condition 
(1850)  of  some  of  the  Clusters  of  the  Stars  and  Several 
of  the  NebuUe,  Form  and  Equatorial  Diameters  of  the 
Asteroid  Planets;"  "Harmonies  in  the  Arrange- 
ment of  the  Solar  System  which  seem  to  be  Conlirm- 
atory  of  the  NebuUir  Hypothesis  of  La  Place."  He 
received  the  degree  of  LL.D.,  from  Columbia  Col- 
lege. He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  National 
Academy  of  Science,  and  a  member  of  the  American 
Philosophical  Society,  of  the  American  Academy  of 
Arts  and  Sciences,  and  of  the  Amcricin  Association 
for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  of  which  he  was 
president  in  18.59.  He  was  the  possessor  of  remark- 
able oratorical  and  rhetoriciil  powers  in  middle  life, 
and  full  of  the  true  poetic  spirit.  The  present 
advanced  position  of  Princeton  in  astronomical 
science  and  research  is  due  in  great  measure  to  his 
enthusiasm  and  energy.  For  several  years  the  aged 
astronomer  had  devoted  his  leisure  hours  to  the 
study  of  the  heavens,  from  a  small  observatory  in 
the  rear  of  his  residence,  and  there  he  observed  the 
recent  transit  of  Venus. 

Professor  Alexander  died  at  his  residence  in  Prince- 
ton, June  25th,  1883.  He  was  a  secluded  student, 
unworldly  in  the  tone  of  his  character,  pure  minded, 
gentle,  always  influential  for  good.  He  was  a  sin- 
cere and  thoroughly  devout  Christian  man,  and  for 
this  reason  was  a  power  among  the  students  with 
whom  he  came  in  contact.  For  many  jears  he  was 
an  elder  in  the  Presbj'teriau  Church. 

Alexander,  "William,  D.D.,  was  born  near 
Shirleysburg,  Huntingdon  county.  Pa.,  December 
18th,  1831.  He  graduated  at  Jeft'erson  College,  Pa., 
in  1858,  at  Princeton  Tlieological  Seminary  in  ISGl, 
and  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Presbytery  of  Hun- 
tingdon, in  April,  18G0,  after  which  he  supplied  the 
church  in  Holliday.sburg  for  five  months,  during  the 
temporary  absence  of  the  p;istor,  Rev.  D.  X.  Junkin, 
D.I).  He  was  ordained  by  the  Presbytery  of  North- 
umberland, aud  installed  over  the  church  of  Lycom- 
ing, in  the  west  end  of  Williamsport,  Pa.,  June  10th, 
1862.  In  18G3,  he  accepted  the  Presidency  of  CaiToll 
College,  Waukesha,  WLs.,  and  diu-ing  his  incum- 
bency supplied  the  church  at  that  place.  He  was 
pastor  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church,  Beloit,  Wis., 
18G5-9,  and  in  this  position  he  exercised  large  influ- 
ence over  the  whole  Presbji^rian  Church  of  that  sec- 
tion. He  was  piistor  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church 
in  San  Jose,  Cal.,  18G9-T1.  In  June,  1871,  he  took 
charge  of  "  The  City  College  "  in  San  Franci.sco.  In 
October  of  that  year  he  took  a  leading  part  in  found- 
ing the  S.an  Francisco  Theological  Seminarj-,  in  which 
Me  w;is  chosen  Professor  of  New  Testament  Literature 
aud  Exegesis.      In  187G  he  was  transferred  to  the 


chair  of  Ecclesiastical  History  aud  Church  Govern- 
ment, which  he  still  ret;iins. 

Dr.  Alexander  has  published  several  sermons,  and 
written  largely,  and  with  great  force,  for  the  secular 
and  religious  press.  He  is  j  ustly  regarded  as  one  of 
the  ablest  men  in  the  Presbyterian  Church,  and  for 
accurate  and  profound  scholarship  occupies  the  high- 
est rank  upon  the  Pacific  coast.  As  a  preacher  he 
is  plain  and  practical,  with  the  rare  faculty  of  hand- 
ling profoiuid  themes  in  an  easy  and  simple  manner. 
As  a  te^icher  he  is  sociable  and  plea-sant  with  the 
students,  always  commanding  their  respect,  confi- 
dence, and  good  will.  As  a  controversialist  he  is 
strong  in  argument  and  ma.ster  of  logic.  As  a  writer 
his  peculiar  characteristic  is  vigor,  with  a  fine  adapta- 
tion of  style  to  the  subject  under  discussion. 

Alexander,  Rev.  Samuel  Carothers,  w:us 
born  in  Huntingdon  Coimty,  Pa.,  April  7th,  1833, 
and  is  the  second  son  of  Randall  and  Sarah  (Caro- 
thers) Alexander.  He  graduated  at  Jeflerson  College, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1858,  and  entered  the  Theological 
Seminary  at  Columbia,  S.  C,  the  same  year,  com- 
pleting his  professional  studies  in  1861.  In  Decem- 
ber, of  the  same  year,  he  was  ordained  and  installed 
pastor  of  the  Steele  Creek  Church  in  North  CaroUna, 
by  the  Presbj-tery  of  Concord.  He  subsequently 
entered  upon  missionary  work  for  the  freedmen  at 
Charlotte,  N.  C,  becoming  one  of  the  first  and  prin- 
cipal actors  in  founding  Biddle  Memorial  University. 
He  continued  his  work  there  untU  June,  1871,  when 
he  returned  to  his  native  State,  and  for  the  la.st  ten 
years  has  been  pastor  of  the  Upper  Path  Valley 
Presbyterian  Chmch,  in  the  Presbj'tery  of  Carlisle. 
Mr.  Alexander  possesses  a  dignity  of  bearing,  com- 
bined with  a  frankness  of  manner,  that  win  for  hira 
the  respect  and  fellowship  of  all  the  members  of  his 
community.  He  is  unassuming,  never  seeking  the 
praise  of  men,  and  yet,  by  his  sinceritj',  generosity 
and  kindness,  he  receives,  without  bidding,  the  enco- 
niunis  of  all  who  know  him.  In  the  pulpit  he  is 
strong,  vigorous  and  fearless.  His  discourses  contain 
wholesome  and  subst;intial  food,  and  awaken  thought 
and  reflection.  His  style  is  animated  and  forcible, 
and  his  manner  modest  and  dignified. 

Alison,  Francis,  D.D.,  was  born  in  the  pari.sh 
of  Lac,  County  of  Donegal,  Ireland,  in  the  j'car  1705. 
He  came  as  a  probationer  to  this  country,  in  1734  or 
'35.  On  the  recommendation  of  Franklin,  he  was 
employed  by  John  Dickinson,  of  Delaware,  the 
author  of  the  "Farmer's  Letters,"  as  the  tutor  of  his 
son.  Leave  to  take  a  few  other  pupils  w;is  granted, 
and  he  is  said  to  have  had  an  academy  at  Thunder 
Hill,  Maryland.  He  was  ordained  pastor  of  New 
London,  by  New  Castle  Presl)j-tery,  before  May,  1737. 
In  1749  he  was  invited  to  take  charge  of  the  Phila^ 
delphia  .\cademj-.  This  institution  was  incoq>oratcd 
iu  17.50,  endowed  in  1753,  and  erected  into  a  college 
in  1755,  at  which  time  Mr.  Alison  w.as  appointed  its 
Vice   Provost  and   Professor  of  Moral   Philosophy. 


ALISON. 


24 


ALLEN. 


He  was  also  assistant  minLster  of  the  First  Presby- 
torian  Cbuic-li.  Both  these  positions  he  filled  with 
acknowlfil^cd  tiili'lity  and  success.  In  1738  he 
received  the  dci;;jee  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  from  the 
University  of  Glasgow.  He  was  the  first  of  our  min- 
isters wlio  received  that  honor,  and  the  Synod  of 
Philadelphia  returned  their  thanks,  for  the  favor,  to 
the  University. 

On  the  union  of  the  Sj-nod-s,  May  24th,  1758,  Dr. 
Alison  preached  from  Ei)hesians  iv,  4-7,  and  the 
sermon  w;ls  |)ublished,  with  the  title,  "Peace  and 
Union  Heeomniended."  He  went  with  Colonel  Biird, 
a-s  chai)lain  to  the  expedition  to  Fort  Cumberland, 
and  remained  from  August  to  November.  Together 
with  Gill>ertTennent  and  the  Presbyterians  generally, 
who  were  headed  by  Chief  Justice  Allen  (father-in- 
law  of  Governor  John  I'enn),  he  opposed  the  throw- 
ing off  the  Proprietary  Government,  and,  as  a  reward 
for  his  services  in  that  matter,  Richard  Penn  gave 
him  the  splendid  tract  of  one  thous;ind  acres  at  the 
eontluence  of  the  Bald  Eagle  with  the  West  Branch 
of  the  Susquehanna.  He  was  the  efficient  agent  in 
the  est;iblishnient  of  the  Widows'  Fund  in  our 
Church,  and  was  wisely  active  in  the  eonventiou  with 
the  Connecticut  ministers  to  withst;»nd  the  gradual 
but  determined  innovations  of  Churchmen  and  the 
Crown  on  our  liberties  as  citizens  and  Christians. 
He  died,  November  Si^th,  1779,  aged  seventy-four, 
and  set  free  his  slaves  by  his  will. 

Bishop  Wliite,  who  w;i.s  a  student  in  the  College  of 
Philadelphia  while  Dr.  Alison  was  a  Professor  iu  it, 
says  of  him  in  his  Memoirs:  "He  was  a  man  of 
un(iuestionable  ability  iu  his  department,  of  real  and 
rational  piety,  of  a  liberal  mind  ;  his  failing  was  a 
pronencsa  to  anger,  but  it  was  soon  forgotten,  for  he 
w;us  placable  and  aflable. ' '  President  Stiles  pronounced 
him  "  the  greatest  chvssical  scholar  in  .\merica,  espe- 
cially in  Greek,"  and  "  in  Ethics,  Hi.story  and  gen- 
eral reading,  a  great  literary  character."  And  Dr. 
Ewing,  in  his  funeral  sermon,  said  :  "  He  was  truly 
a  scribe  well  instructed  unto  the  Kingdom  of  Heaven, 
a  workman  that  needed  not  to  l)e  ashamed,  for  he 
riglitly  <liviiied  the  AVord  of  Truth,  and  Wius  pecu- 
liarly skillful  in  giving  to  every  one  his  portion  in 
due  se.'ison. " 

Alison,  Rev.  Hector,  was  ordained  by  New 
Castle  Presbytery,  in  1711!,  probably  at  AVliitc 
Clay.  In  1750  he  was  .sent  for  eight  Sabbaths  to 
Western  Virginia,  and  seems  to  have  labored  iu  that 
region  for  some  time.  He  Wiis  settled  at  Drawyers 
from  175:5  to  17.VH.  In  17(>0  he  went  as  Chajilain  to 
the  Pennsylvania  forces,  and  in  answer  to  a  very 
pressing  application  made  to  the  Synod  in  May,  of 
that  year,  by  the  English  Presbyterian  gentlemen  iu 
.Vlbany,  he  w:ls  directed  to  act  an  a  supply  in  that 
jilaco  till  July.  He  joined  New  Ca.stIo  Prcsbj-tery 
after  the  union  in  17(il,  and  was  releas<>d  in  a  little 
time  from  his  clrnrgc  at  .\pixKiuinimy.  A  call  was 
received   by  him   from  Baltimore,  but  the  proposal 


was  so  an.satisfactory  that  it  was  not  accepted.  In 
December,  17G1,  hcwasdismls.sed  from  the  Prc-sbytery, 
probably  with  a  view  to  join  South  Carolina  Presby- 
tery, and  settled  at  Williamsburg,  South  Carolina. 

Allen,  Diarca  Howe,  D.  D.,  w:ls  born  in 
Leb:mon,  N.  H.,  July  Pth,  1808.  He  graduated  at 
Dartmouth  College  in  18-2U,  and  studied  theologj*  at 
Andover  Seminary  in  1829-1830  and  1'n!2-18:«.  He 
w:v3  teacher  in  Charleston,  S.  C,  1830-18:52.  He  was 
Professor  in  Marietta  College,  in  1833-1840;  Professor 
of  Sacred  Khetoric  in  Lime  Semi narj',  1840-1851 ;  I*ro- 
fe.ssor  of  Systematic  Theologj-,  1851 -18C7,  and  Emeritus 
Professor  till  his  death,  which  occurred  at  Gr.m\'iUe, 
O.,  November  9th,  1870.  Dr.  Allen  was  an  eminent 
scholar,  and  filled  all  the  ]Misitions  he  oeciiiiied  with 
great  advantage  to  the  Church  and  credit  to  himself. 

Allen,  David  Oliver,  D.  D.,  the  son  of  Sloses 
;  and  ilehitable  Allen,  was  born  in  Biirre,  Mass., 
September  14th,  1799;  gra<liuited  at  -Vmhcrst  College 
in  1^2:?;  studied  theologj'  at  Andover  Si-minary,  and 
wiLS  onUiined  .May  21st,  l'<27.  Un  the  (!th  of  June  he 
embarked  for  Calcutta,  where  he  arriveil  S<-ptemlx?r 
21st.  In  a  month  he  proceeded  to  Bombay,  where  he 
labored  .several  years  in  preaching  and  establishing 
schools.  He  was  the  first  American  >Iissionjiry  to 
establish  a  stati(m  at  Ahmednuggur,  in  1831,  where 
he  spent  several  j-ears.  After  this  he  wxs  engaged  in 
nuiking  extensive  tours  in  Western  India,  preaching, 
distributing  Bibles,  Tracts,  etc.  In  1843  he  took 
charge  of  the  printing  establi.shment  at  Bombay. 
This  constituted  for  .some  ten  j-ears  a  very  important 
agency  iu  Missionary  operations  in  Western  India. 
It  emi)loyed,  part  of  tliis  time,  one  hundred  jwrsons, 
mostly  natives,  and  the  numlH-r  of  pagi'S  printed  iu- 
crea.sed  from  one  million  and  a  half,  in  184:J,  to  near 
twelve  millions  in  1852.  Tlie  works  printed  were 
portions  of  Scripture  translated,  religious  tr.icts, 
school  books,  etc.  Dr.  Allen  w;is  the  .'kutluir  of  sev- 
eral very  useful  tnicts  in  the  Mahratta  language.  He 
also  translated  portions  of  tlie  Old  Testanu'ut,  and 
suiK-riuteuded  a  revLsed  and  I'orrected  edition  of  the 
whole  Scripture  into  Mahnitta,  which  w;ls  a  great 
work. 

Dr.  Allen's  physicians,  in  view  of  his  imiviired 
;  health,  advised  him  to  return  to  .Vmericii,  which  he 
dill,  in  1853.  Alter  a  j'ear's  rest,  he  prejiared  the 
ITistori/ of  India.  Am-imI  diiil  Modern,  a  work  which 
was  very  favor.ibly  received  by  the  press,  lM)th  in  this 
country  and  in  Englanil.  From  \<>C>  to  H(iO  he 
l)reachcd  in  dilli'rent  places;  one  year  at  WestjMirt, 
.M;uss.,  and  nearly  two  years  at  Wendham.  His  style 
of  preaching  w:ls  plain  and  ]ir.>etieal — more  instruct- 
ive than  rhetorical.      He  died  July  17th,  \^l\:\. 

Allen,  Rev.  Moses,  w-.is  Iwrn  in  Northampton, 
SIiuss. ;  wiis  licensi'd  by  the  Pre-sbj-tery  of  New  Bruns- 
vnck  February  1st,  1771,  and  on  March  10th,  1775, 
he  w:is  ordained  at  Cliarlestou,  S.  C,  and  installed 
pastor  of  an  Inde]«-ndent  Church  at  WapiK-taw.  In 
,  1777  he  resigned  his  charge  and  removed  to  Lib-.'rty 


ALLEX. 


25 


ALLISOK. 


County,  Ga.,  where  he  took  charge  of  the  Midway 
Presb^'terian  Church  ;  but  the  next  year  his  cougre- 
gatiou  was  dispersed  and  his  church  burned.  He 
entered  the  army  ;;s  chaplain;  was  taken  prisoner, 
and  in  attempting  to  escape,  by  swimming  from  the 
prisou-shii5  in  which  lie  was  conUned,  was  di'owncd, 
February  8th,  1T7U.  The  friends  of  indeiiendencc 
admired  Mr.  Alliii  fur  his  popular  talents,  his  cour- 
age, and  his  many  virtues.  He  was  an  eminently 
pious  man. 

Allen,  Richard  H.,  D.  D.,  was  born  in  Greens- 
burg,  Ky.,  Slay  14th,  1821.  He  was  educated  at 
Centre  College,  Danville,  Ky. ;  graduated  at  the  Law 
School,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  in  1844.  In  September,  1847,  he  was  licensed 
by  the  Presbytery  of  Upper  Missouri  to  jjrcach  the 
gospel;  was  called  to  succeed  Dr.  Hiram  P.  Goodrich 
in  the  church  at  Jefl'cr.son  City,  Mo.,  the  capital  of 
the  State,  and  was  ordained  the  following  November 
as  pastorof  that  church.  In  thisposition  he  remained 
only  two  years.  Having  an  earnest  desire  to  enter 
the  great  and  destitute  field  around  him,  as  an  evan- 
gelist, for  which  he  was  peculiarly  fitted,  he  devoted 
himself  to  home  mi.ssionary  work  in  the  counties  of 
Upper  Mis.souri.  He  stopjied  not  to  consult  with  flesh 
and  blood,  nor  to  ask  aid  of  any  Sli.ssionary  Board, 
but  purchased  a  horse,  filled  one  side  of  his  saddle- 
bags with  Bibles  and  tracts,  and  started  out  as  an 
evangelist,  preaching  wherever  God  in  His  providence 
opened  the  way.  In  this  new  and  important  field  of 
operation  his  labors  were  signally  blessed.  On  Castile 
Creek,  in  Di'Kalb  County,  .some  twenty  miles  east  of 
the  now  flourishing  city  of  St.  Joseph,  were  a  few 
Presbj-terians  in  the  midst  of  a  godless  communit}-. 
Dr.  Allen  went  and  preached  to  them,  in  the  log  hou.se 
of  a  pious  widow  woman,  tor  two  weeks.  From  this 
visit  the  Ca.stile  Church  gi'cw,  and  stands  now  a  power 
for  good  in  that  communitj'. 

Dr.  Allen  was  settled  in  Jefferson^-ille  and  Lafay- 
ette, Ind.,  nine  years.  In  1861  he  went  to  New 
Orleans,  and  commenced  a  new  enterprise,  the  suc- 
cess of  which  was  cut  short  by  the  war.  He  was  then 
called  to  the  Second  I'resbyteriaa  Church  of  Nash- 
ville, Tenn.,  in  connection  \vith  the  Old  School 
Assembly,  North.  In  1867  he  was  called  to  the  pas- 
torate of  the  old  Pine  Street  Presbyterian  Church, 
Philadelphia,  in  which  his  success,  for  some  thirteen 
years,  was  marked  and  gratifj-lng.  He  resigned  this 
charge  in  order  to  become  Secretjiry  of  the  Assembly's 
Board  for  Freedmeu,  and  is  devoting  his  best 
energies  to  this  cause  with  an  ardor  which  is  greatly 
jjromotive  of  its  prosperity. 

Allen,  Robert  Welch,  D.  D.,  son  of  James 
and  Elizabeth  (Logan)  Allen,  was  born  in  Shelby 
county,  Kentucky,  March  '2oth,  1817.  He  received 
his  collegiate  instruction  in  Wabash  College,  from 
which  he  was  graduated  in  1839.  In  November. 
lS3S),  he  entered  Princeton  Seminar}',  with  the  in- 
tention  of  going  through  the   full   course,  but  his 


health  failing,  he  was  compelled  to  leave  at  the 
end  of  the  second  year.  He  was  licensed  by  the 
Presbj-tery  of  Crawfordsville,  Indiana,  August  15th, 
1841,  and  ordained  by  the  same  Presbj-tery,  Septem- 
ber 30th,  1843,  having  spent  the  intervening  time  as 
stated  supply  of  several  churches.  He  wius  installed 
pastor  of  the  churches  of  JcHcrson  and  Frankford, 
Indiana,  June,  1844,  and  remained  in  that  charge 
for  nine  years,  until  September,  18.")3,  when  the  pas- 
toral relation  was  dissolved.  Receiving  a  call  from 
the  Pisgah  Church,  near  Lexington,  Kentucky,  he 
entered  that  field,  and  labored  there  with  great 
acceptance  until  April,  1837,  when  he  accepted  a  call 
to  the  Presbj-terian  Church  of  Jacksonville,  Illinois. 
This  pa.storate  he  held  for  more  than  eleven  years, 
until  September,  1868.  He  thenspcntayear(1868-'69) 
in  missionary  labor  in  the  vicinity  of  Decatur,  Illinois; 
was  stated  supply  of  the  Chui'ch  of  St.  Charles, 
Missouri,  from  September,  1869,  to  December,  1870. 
Returning  to  Jacksonrille,  he  supplied  the  churches 
of  Union  and  MurrajTille  for  two  years,  until  the 
Union  Church  and  part  of  the  Pisgah  Church  were 
organized  into  a  new  church  called  "  Unity, "  over 
which  he  was  inst;illed  November  2d,  1873.  This 
relation  continued  until  his  death. 

Ill  health  attended  Jlr.  Allen's  labors  through  his 
ministerial  life,  yet  the  Lord  owned  his  service  in  such 
a  numner  that  he  did  not  run  in  vain  nor  labor  in  vain. 
Frequent  revivals  attended  his  efforts,  and  he  was 
often  called  upon  to  aid  his  bretliren  in  protracted 
meetings.  Having  a  fine  personal  presence,  a  digni- 
fied manner,  and  a  clear,  commanding  voice,  he  .seldom 
failed  to  produce  a  deep  impression.  His  mind  w;:s 
strong,  vigorous  and  analytic.  As  an  expositor  of 
divine  truth  he  was  especially  clear,  able  and  forcible, 
.always  holding  forth  the  word  of  life,  and  presenting 
Christ  crucified  as  the  only  hope  of  a  perishing 
world.  He  died  of  nervous  prostration,  at  Jackson- 
\-Ule,  Illinois,  July  29th,  1882,  in  his  sixty-sixth 
year. 

Allison,  James,  D.  D.,  was  born  in  Pittsburg, 

September  27th,  1823,  and  reared  near  Bakerstown, 

in  the  northern  part  of  Allegheny  County,  I'a.     He 

graduated  at  Jefferson  College  in  the  Fall  of  1845,  at 

the  Western  Theological  Seminary  in  the  Spring  of 

I  1848,  and  was  licensed  to  preach  the  gosjiel  by  the 

:  Presbj-tery  of  Allegheny,  October  6th,  1847.     Alter 

serving  as   stated  supply,  for  some  months,  of  the 

Church  of  Sewicklej-,  twelve  miles  below  Pittsburg, 

he  was  ordained  and  installed  its  pa.stor,  October  16th, 

1849,  and  continued  in  this  relation  until  February, 

1864,  when  he  resigned,  to  become  one  of  the  editors 

'  and  proprietors  of  the  Pnslii/lcriiin  Hannrr.     During 

his  pa.storate   the  finest    church   edifice   outside   of 

Pittsburgh,  in  Allegheny  County,  was  erected,  and  two 

hundred  and  seventy-seven  were  added  on  confession 

of  faith,  and  two  hundred  and  thirty-one  by  letter. 

While  yet  a  student  in  College  he  began  to  wTite 

for  the   newspaper  press.     In   1853  he  became  the 


ALLISON. 


26 


ALLISOX. 


Pittsburg  correspondent  of  the  PrcAtjterian  Banner, 
then  published  in  Philadelpliia,  and  beaime  associate 
editor  after  its  removal  to  I'ittsburg,  in  1855,  and 
w;js  one  of  its  proprietors,  hax-ing  the  hitc  Da\id 
McKinney,  n.  n.,  and  Stephen  Little  lor  his  partners, 
from  1S56  to  ISC'?.  In  January,  ISIM,  lie  ])urehased 
the  Banner  for  hinisolf  and   Kobirt   Patterson,  Esq., 


I 

'  31st,  1819,  his  parents  being  connected  with  the  Prcs- 

bj'terian  Cliureh  of  that  place,  of  which  the  Rev. 
William  K.  DeWitt  was  then  pastor.  After  the 
I  study  of  the  law  at  the  State  Capital,  he  was  in  due 
I  time  admitted  to  the  Bar.  From  his  earliest  entrance 
upon  the  active  duties  of  the  legal  profession  he 
gave  ample  evidence  of  future  prorai.se  and  distinc- 
tion. He  soon  removed  to  Philadelphia,  settling 
do\vn  in  the  old  district  of  Spring  Garden.  Though 
naturally  of  very  modest  deportment,  he  soon  rose  in 
public  estimation.  Before  he  had  resided  tliree  years 
within  their  municipality  the  Commissioners  ap- 
pointed him  to  the  office  of  Solicitor  of  the  District. 
He  continued  to  serve  in  this  capacity  with  credit  to 
himself  and  .satisfaction  to  the  people,  until,  by  the 
partiality  of  the  voters  of  the  city  and  county  of 
Philadel])hia,  he  was  elected  an  Associate  Jud^;. 
This  occurred  in  1851.  After  serving  the  full  term 
in  this  position,  he  was  thrice  successively  elected  a 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas.  He  has  thas 
served  thirty-three  years  on  the  bench,  during  which 
he  has  made  for  himself  a  reputation  for  purity  of 
motives,  faithful  and  fearless  discharge  of  duty  and 
thoroughness  of  legal  erudition,  that  ranks  hiiu 
among  the  foremost  j  urists  of  the  Commonwealth. 


JAUE8  ALLISON,  D.  D. 


and  assumed  control  February  3d,  of  that  year.     He 
participated  largely  in   the  Declaration    and  Testi- 
mony controversy;  was  among  the  first  signers  ot  the 
paper  prepared   at  the  meeting  of  the  Old  School 
General  Assembly  at  Newark,  N.  J.,  in  1n(!4,  a,sking 
ibr  reunion  between  the  Olil  and  Xew  School  Churches 
on  the  basis  of  the  "Standards,"  and  proposed,  after 
the  meeting  of  the  Old  School  General  Assembly  in 
Albany,  and  of  the  New  School  (General  Assembly  in 
Harrisburg,  when  negotiations  seemed  about  to  fail,  j 
that  the  friends  of  reunion  should  unite  in  a  declaration 
for  reunion  simply  on  the  Ixisis  of  the  "Standards." 
This  led  to  the  is-iuing  of  the  "Pittsburg  Circular,"  , 
which  was  mostly  WTitten  by  him,   and  which  was 
followed  by  reunion  the  next  year.     Dr.  .VUison  has  i 
been  a  member  of  the  Presbj-terian  Board  lor  Frecd- 
men,  from  its  organization  in  lS(i5,  and  its  Treasurer,  ' 
i^thout  charge,  from  1870.     He  is  a  gentleman  of  ' 


much  energj'  of  character,  genial  in  spirit,  a  vigorous 
■\\Titer,  an  excellent  preacher,  and  an  induential 
member  of  the  Church  .iudieatorics. 

Allison,  Joseph,  LL.D.,  furnislies  in  his  career, 
remarkably  successful  as  he  has  been,  an   instance  of   bv  the  legal   fraternitv. 
what  may  1)c  acconiiilished   by  well   directed  eflVirts.    tious    and    incorruptibl 


JOSEPH  ALLISON,  LL.9. 

In  private  and  social  life  Judge  Allison  is  eonr- 

teous,    alTable  and    entirely   free    from  afTectation. 

Possessed  of  a  high  order  of  intellect,  shrewd   and 

keen  witted,  his  society   is  much   sought,  esju'cially 

\s  a  .judgi!  he   is  eonscien- 

vet  his  tact   and   natural 


Judge  Allison  was  born  at  Harrisburg,  Pa.,  August    kind-heartedness  are  so  admirablv  blended  in  the 


AkLISON. 


27 


ANDERSON. 


discharge  of  his  olficial  duties,  that  the  most  incorri- 
gible criminal,  whilst  smarting  under  the  rod  of 
public  justice  administered  by  his  hand,  is  forced  to 
revere  the  power  by  which  it  is  wielded. 

Judge  Allison  has  long  been  au  exemplary,  honored 
and  useful  elder  of  the  Walnut  Street  Presbyterian 
Church,  Philadelphia,  and  gives  the  influence  of  his 
name  and  presence  to  great  moral  movements  on 
behalf  of  the  human  race.  Liberal  in  his  Christian 
spirit,  he  is  3-et  specially  active  in  promoting  the 
prosperity  of  the  Church  in  which  he  was  born  and 
reared,  and  in  which  he  is  held  in  the  highest  esteem. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Publication  and  a 
Trustee  of  the  General  Assembly.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Assembly  in  Cleveland  in  1S.5G,  of  the 
Assembly  in  SjTacuse  in  1861,  and  of  the  Assembly 
in  Chicago  in  1877.  In  all  the  boards  and 
judicatories  of  the  Church  in  which  he  appears  he 
exerts  a  strong  influence.  As  one  of  the 
fraternal  delegates  from  the  Nc<v  School  Assembly 
to  the  Old  School  Assemblj',  which  met  in  Newark, 
N.  J.,  in  1864,  he  urged  the  union  of  the  two 
branches  of  the  severed  Church,  with  au  ardor  and 
eloijuence  which  gave  one  of  the  earliest  and  most 
eflcctive  impuLses  toward  the  consummation  not  long 
afterward  so  happily  reached. 

Allison,  Patrick,  D.  D.,  was  born  in  Franklin, 
(or  what  was  then  known  as  Lancaster)  county.  Pa., 
in  the  year  1740.  He  graduated  at  the  University 
of  Permsylvania,  in  1760.  Shortly  after  he  left  the 
University  he  commenced  his  theological  studies, 
but  in  1761  wa-s  appointed  Professor  in  the  Academy 
at  Newark,  Delaware,  which  office  he  accepted.  He 
was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Second  Presbytery  of 
Philadelphia,  in  M.arch,  1763.  In  August  of  that 
year,  he  was  invited  to  a  church  in  Baltimore,  and 
in  176.5  was  ordained  its  pastor,  in  which  relation  he 
contintied  for  thu-ty-five  years,  till  his  death,  which 
took  place  August  21st,  1802. 

Dr.  Allison  was  noted  for  his  ardent  patriotism, 
his  blameless  character,  his  dignified  deportment, 
and  his  fine  scholarship.  He  was  especially  eminent  in 
the  judicatories  of  the  Chirrch,  and  in  all  public 
bodies,  being  possessed  of  great  penetration,  the 
utmost  self-control,  and  an  admirable  command  of 
thought  and  language,  the  most  appropriate  and 
elegant.  As  a  preacher,  though  his  manner  was  not 
very  attractive,  his  discourses  were  marked  with 
much  ability,  being  generally  didactic,  often  pro- 
foundly argumentative.  He  published  little,  but 
that  little,  which  was  of  a  polemical  nature,  was 
weighty  and  trenchant.  It  was  one  of  his  dying  in- 
junctions, that  all  his  manuscript  sermons  should  be 
committed  to  the  flames  ;  otherwise,  doubtless,  there 
might  have  been  a  selection  made  from  them  for  the 
press,  which  would  have  done  honor  to  our  Ameri- 
can pulpit. 

'  Alrichs,  Kev.  'William  Picclees,  was  bom  in 
Wilmington,  Del.,  in  August,  1790.     He  graduated 


at  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  in  1824.  He  was  stated 
supply  at  New  Castle,  Del. ,  1828-29,  and  at  Pigeon 
Creek.  He  was  ordained  an  evangeli.st  by  the  Pres- 
hyUivy  of  Washington,  in  1831.  He  was  stated  sup- 
ply at  East  Buffalo,  Pa.,  1830-1864,  and  Professor  of 
Mathematics,  Mechanics  and  Astronomy  in  Washing- 
ton College,  Pa.,  1830-1860.  He  died  at  Winterset, 
la.,  December  31st,  1869.  Prof.  Alrichs  was  an 
able  and  faithful  preacher,  and  stood  high  in  the 
departments  of  science  which  he  taught. 

Anderson,  Rev.  Isaac,  was  born  in  Kockbridge 
County,  Va.,  March  2Gth,  1780.  Having  prepared 
himself  for  the  ministry,  he  was  licensed  to  preach 
the  gospel  by  Union  Presbytery,  in  May,  1802,  and 
in  the  Autumn  following  was  installed  pa.stor  of 
Washington  Church,  Knox  County,  Tenn.  Here  he 
labored  for  about  nine  years,  during  w'hich  time  he 
also  performed  much  missionary  service,  which  was 
attended  with  signal  success.  In  the  Spring  of  1811 
he  was  called  to  the  New  Providence  Church,  Mary- 
\'ille,  took  charge  of  it  the  next  autumn,  and  there 
performed  the  principal  part  of  the  labors  of  his  life. 
The  Southwest  Theological  Seminary,  at  Maryville, 
was  established  chiefly  tlirough  his  instrumentality, 
and  for  many  years  enjoyed  the  benefit  of  his  labors 
as  a  teacher.  He  died,  January  28th,  1857.  Mr. 
Anderson  was  a  man  of  commanding  powers,  of 
glowing  zeal,  and  untiriag  and  successful  industry. 

Anderson,  Rev.  James,  was  born  in  Scotland, 
November  17th,  1678,  and  w;is  ordained  by  Irvine 
Presbytery,  November  17th,  1708,  with  a  view  to  his 
settlement  in  Virginia.  He  arrived  in  the  Rappa- 
hannock, April  22d,  1709,  but  the  state  of  things 
not  wartanting  his  sta}',  he  came  northward,  and  was 
received  by  the  Presbytery,  September  20th.  He  set- 
tled at  New  Ca-stle,  Del.  In  1717  he  accepted  a  call 
to  a  congregation  in  New  York,  which,  at  the  time, 
was  worshiping  in  the  City  Hall.  September  24th, 
1726,  he  received  a  call  to  Donegal,  on  the  Susque- 
hanna, and  accepted  it.  He  was  installed  the  last 
Wednesday  in  August,  1727.  In  September,  1729,  he 
began  to  give  every  fifth  Sabbath  to  the  people  on 
Swatara,  and  joined  the  congregation  of  Derry.  In 
April,  1738,  the  PrcsbTi-tery  decided  to  ask  the  Sj-nod 
to  send  a  deputation  to  wait  on  the  Virginia  Govern- 
ment, and  solicit  its  favor  in  behalf  of  Presbj-terian- 
ism  there.  The  Synod  wrote  to  the  Governor,  and 
sent  Mr.  Anderson  to  bear  the  letter,  providing 
supplies  for  his  pulpit,  and  allowing  for  his  expenses 
"  in  a  manner  suit;ible  to  his  design. ' '  This  mission 
he  performed  satisfactorily.    He  died  July  16th,  1740. 

Anderson,  John,  D.  D.,  was  born  in  Guilford 
county.  North  Carolina,  on  the  10th  of  April,  1767. 
He  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Presbytery  of 
Orange,  North  Carolina,  in  the  year  1791,  and  shortly 
afterwards  was  ordained  as  an  evangelist.  After 
laboring  two  years  in  the  southern  part  of  North 
Carolina,  and  the  northern  part  of  South  Carolina; 
from  1793  to  1798  or  '99,  he  itinerated,  amid  many 


AXDERSOX. 


28 


ANDERSON. 


privations  and  dangers,  through  the  States  of  Ten- 
nessee and  Kentuck}',  sometimes  crossing  the  Ohio, 
and  preaching  to  the  settlements  in  what  is  now 
Ohio  and  Indiaiiii.  In  ISOl  he  began  his  labors  in 
Upper  Bufliilo  Church,  Wxshington  county,  Peruxsyl- 
Tauia,  and  was  iiLstalkd  as  its  p;ustor  the  next  j'car, 
a  relation  which  he  held  with  groat  acceptance  and 
usefulness,  until  it  was  dissolved  by-  his  own  request, 
on  account  of  declining  health,  Jauiuiry  loth,  1833. 

Dr.  Anderson  conducted  the  theological  education 
of  a  large  number  of  young  men,  some  of  whom  rose 
to  eminence  in  the  Church.  He  was  one,  if  not 
of  the  originators,  at  least  of  the  most  active  mem- 
bers of  the  old  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Western 
Mi-ssionary  Society,  and  under  its  direction  he  made 
several  tours  to  the  Wyandotte  Indians,  on  the  San- 
dusky river.  He  was  al.so  largely  iiLstrumental  in 
founding  the  mission  on  the  Maumee,  and  visited  it 
once,  in  company  with  the  Rev.  E.  Macurdy,  with  a 
view  to  settle  .some  existing  difficulties.  After  the 
transfer  of  that  sfcition  Uy  the  United  Foreign  Jlis- 
sionary  Society  he  became  one  of  the  most  efficient 
supporters  of  that  Society,  and  subsequently  of  the 
American  Board  of  Commi.ssioncrs  for  Foreign  Jlissions 
into  which  it  was  merged.  In  forming  the  present 
General  Assembly's  Board  of  Foreign  Missions,  at 
Pittsburg,  in  1831,  he  took  a  most  lively  interest, 
and  extended  to  it  his  cordial,  and  active  support  till 
the  close  of  his  life,  which  occurred  Janujuy  5th, 
183.5. 

Anderson,  Samuel,  C,  Esq.,  was  a  ruling 
elder  in  the  "College''  Church  at  llampdeu  Sidney, 
Va.,  in  which  village  are  located  both  Hampden  Sid- 
ney College  and  Union  Theological  Seminary,  the 
two  institutions  existing  under  separate  corjiorations. 
He  was  elected  an  elder  in  August,  1834,  and  con- 
tinued in  this  office  till  his  death,  in  April,  ISG.j. 
The  inscrii)tion  on  his  tomb  is  a  brief  epitome  of  his 
honorable  life,  and  is  as  follows:  "Ix  Mkmory  of 
Sam'l  C.  Anderson.  Born  in  Cumberland  County. 
Va.,  22d  July,  1788.  Died  l.-)th  April,  180.5.  in 
1812  a  soldier  of  his  country.  From  1813  an  elo- 
quent advocate.  And  from  1.S28  a  devout  Christian. 
He  was  four  years  thereafter  a  legislator  for  his  State; 
thirty-eight  years  a  tru.stee  of  Hampden  Sidney  Col- 
lege, and  for  thirty-three  years  an  elder  of  the  Col- 
lege Church,  and  a  faithful  defender  of  Christ's  truth. 
In  the  highest  as  in  the  lowest  courts  of  his  Church 
he  filled  every  station  honorably." 

Anderson,  Samuel  James  Pierce,  D.D.,  was 
born  in  Frince  Edward  county,  Va.,  Dec.  5,  1814. 
The  early  years  of  his  life  were  spent  in  the  countrj-, 
on  the  farm  of  his  father,  where,  at  a  village  school, 
and  with  the  aid  of  a  tutor  at  home,  he  was  pre- 
piired  for  college.  In  1«31  he  went  to  the  Uni- 
versity of  Ohio,  at  Athens,  and  afterwards  to  Han- 
over College,  Indiana,  where  he  graduated  in  18.3.5. 
His  theological  course  w;us  pursued  at  Union  Theo- 
logical Seminary,  Va.,  where,  under  the  training  of 


the  excellent  men  who  were  then  in  charge  of  that 
institution,  he  was  fitted  for  the  ministry.  The  first 
charge  of  Dr.  Anderson  wits  at  Danville,  Va. ,  where 
he  remained  live  years,  the  pa-stor  of  a  large  and  con- 
stantly increasing  congregation.  From  Danville  he 
removed  to  Xorlblk,  Va.,  where  he  soon  took  rank 
as  one  of  the  ablest  and  most  eSective  preachers  in 
that  State — so  famous  for  its  preachers.  After  re- 
maining live  years  at  Norfolk,  he  was  called  to  St. 
Louis,  and  in  1851  was  engaged  as  the  pxstor  of  t"he 
Central  Presbyterian  Church  in  that  city.  At  the 
time  that  Dr.  Anderson  took  charge  of  the  church  it 
was  far  from  being  in  a  prosperous  condition.  It 
was  yet  in  its  infancy,  few  in  numbers,  embarrassed 
with  debt,  and  greatly  afflicted  by  the  death  of  its 
first  p:ustor,  liev.  Alexander  Van  Court,  of  precious 
memory!  The  task  before  him  was  a  difficult  one; 
but,  by  faithful  preaching  and  earnest  work,  and  the 
blessing  of  God,  he  was  enabled  to  accomplish  itwith 
success.  Under  his  ministry  the  church  grew  steadily, 
was  incre;i.sed  by  considerable  accessions  from  time  to 
time,  until  it  became,  at  length,  one  of  the  largest 
and  most  iuHuential  churches  in  the  city.  It  is  not 
too  much  to  .say  of  Dr.  Anderson  that  he  w;is,  in  his 
day,  a  man  of  eminent  usefulness  and  power  in  the 
ministry.  He  was  a  preacher  of  marked  ability — 
earnest,  evangelical  and  eloquent.  He  was  a  man  of 
fine  scholarship,  large  reading,  and  almost  faultless 
taste;  his  mind  was  richly  stored,  not  only  with  Bib- 
lical, but  also  with  historical  and  da-ssical  learning, 
and  the  whole  was  laid  under  contribution  to  the 
pulpit.  His  sermons  were  not  only  sound  and  able, 
as  expositions  of  gosjx-l  truth,  but  they  were  iLSually 
finished  productions  as  they  came  from  his  hand, 
abounding  in  happy  illustration,  delivered  in  a  ple;is- 
ing,  raptivating  style,  and  with  a  voice  the  richness 
and  sweetness  of  whose  tones  lent  a  charm  to  every 
word  that  he  uttt>red.  Dr.  Anderson  died  September 
loth,  l-iTii.  His  death  w;us  one  of  peace  and  resigna- 
tion. The  last  enemy  was  disarmed  of  its  terrors  to 
him.  Nay,  rather,  he  w;us  waiting  for  death,  waiting 
tor  it  more  than  tluy  that  wait  for  the  morning. 

Anderson,  Samuel  McCulloch,  D.  D. ,  was 
born  December  18th,  1823,  in  Butler  county.  Pa., 
and  gra<luated  at  Washington  College  in  1846.  He 
studied  theology  at  the  Western  Theological  Semi- 
nary, and  was  licensed  to  ])reaeh  the  gospel  April  8th, 
1851.  In  the  .s;inie  year  he  took  charge  of  the  church 
at  rredericksburg,  O.,  where  he  continued  till  com- 
pelled by  ill  health  to  resign,  in  April,  18.59.  The 
Summer  of  that  year  he  spent  on  a  farm;  and  fwling 
himself  able  to  resume  pastoml  duty  in  the  .Vutumn, 
he  accepted  a  call  to  the  church  of  Davenport,  la. 
In  this  charge  he  continued  till  the  winter  of  !«(!!), 
when  he  took  charge  of  the  church  in  Hamilton,  O. 
Dr.  Aixlerson  is  at  present  p:ustor  of  the  church  at 
Kl  Dorailo,  Kan.  He  is  the  author  of  an  es.say  on 
"Miracles"  which  appeared  in  the  Princeton  Eevieia 
in  1863. 


AHDERSOX. 


29 


ANDREWS. 


Anderson,  ■William  O.,  D.  D.,  son  of  the  Rev. 
John  Anderson,  D.  n.,  was  born  August  Isth,  1804, 
in  Washington  county,  Pa.  He  graduated  from 
Washington  College,  in  the  Class  of  1824,  pursued  his 
theological  studies  under  the  instruction  of  his  father, 
and  wa.s  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Presbytery  of 
Washington,  December  13th,  1827.  The  first  year 
of  his  ministry  was  spent  in  the  bounds  of  what 
became  the  Presbyteries  of  Washington,  SteubenWlle, 
Wooster  and  Richhmd.  From  October,  1828,  until 
July,  1829,  he  wa.s  missionary  of  the  General  Assem- 
bly's Board  in  North  Carolina,  and  preached  at 
Wilksborough,  Forks  of  Yadkin,  and  the  Mountain. 
September  1st,  as  agent  of  that  Board,  he  entered  on 
the  work  of  \isiting  the  churches  in  the  bounds  of 
the  Synod  of  Pittsburg.  In  the  same  capacity  he 
again  visited  the  South,  laboring  in  North  and  South 
Carolina,  Alabama  and  JIis.sissippi.  Resigning  this 
agency,  he  commenced  preaching  at  Pigeon  Creek,  Pa., 
November  1st,  1831.  In  June,  183(i,  he  accepted  the 
General  Agency  of  the  Western  Foreign  Missionary 
Society  for  the  Mississippi  Valley. 

In  the  Spring  of  1837  Dr.  Anderson  preached  for  a 
time  to  the  Fourth  Church,  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  and  in 
February,  1839,  became  pastor  of  the  First  Chiirch,  New 
Albany,  Iml.  After  spending  some  time  abroad,  for 
his  health,  in  April,  1843,  he  accepted  the  Professorship 
of  Rhetoric  and  Belles  Lettres  in  Hanover  College.  In 
1844  he  preached  for  a  time  at  Fort  Wayne,  Ind., 
afterwards  supplied  the  pulpit  of  the  Church  at 
Washington,  Pa.,  and  in  November,  184.5,  accepted  a 
call  to  the  Church  at  Dayton,  Ohio.  On  his  return 
from  another  visit  abroad,  he  became  President  of 
Miami  University,  from  1849  to  1854.  Subsequently 
he  preached  at  Chillicothe,  Ohio,  and  in  18.35  accepted 
a  call  from  the  First  Church  of  .San  Francisco,  Cal., 
retiiiuing  tlie  pa.storate  until  18G3,  wlien  lie  returned 
east,  and  preached  for  a  time  to  the  First  Church 
of  Cincinnati,  then  to  the  Chuich  of  New  Albany, 
and  then,  occasionally,  at  Abilene,  JIanhattan,  etc., 
Kansas.  He  died  August  28th,  1870,  at  Junction 
City,  Kansiis.  Dr.  Anderson  was  a  gentleman  of  very 
pleasing  address,  able  and  popular  as  a  preacher, 
successful  in  his  ministry,  and  liighly  esteemed  in 
the  communities  in  which  lie  labored. 

Andre'ws,  Rev.  Jedediah,  was  born  at  Hing- 
liam,  Mass.,  July  7th,  1674.  He  graduated  at  Har- 
vard in  1695.  In  1698  he  came  to  Philadelphia,  and 
preiiched  in  a  building  wliich  had  been  used  as  a 
storeroom  by  the"  Barbadoes  Company, "  on  the  north- 
west corner  of  Chestnut  and  Second  streets,  in  this 
city.  He  was  probably  ordained  in  the  Fall  of  1701, 
for  his  "Record  of  Baptisms  and  Marriages"  begins 
1701,  tenth  month,  Iburteenth  day.  In  1704  his  con- 
gregation left  tlieir  first  place  of  worship,  and  erected 
a  frame  building  on  the  south  side  of  Market  (then 
Buttonwood)  .street,  between  Second  and  Third 
streets,  the  first,  and  for  many  years  the  only  Pres- 
byterian Church  in  the  citv.     The  church  is  said  to 


have  been,  in  some  .sense,  Congregational,  but  it  was 
represented  by  elders  in  Presbytery  from  the  first. 

In  September,  1733,  Mr.  Andrews  preferred  a 
request  to  the  Synod  that  he  should  be  allowed  an 
assistant  in  the  ministry.  The  congregation  could 
not  agree  in  the  choice  of  an  a.ssistant,  the  preference 
of  some  being  for  Jonathan  DickiiLson,  and  of  others 
for  Robert  Cross;  but,  while  the  matter  was  in  debate, 
the  friends  of  the  latter  asked  of  the  Synod  that  they 
might  be  erected  into  a  new  congregation,  and  au- 
thorized to  call  a  minister  for  themselves.  Their 
request  was  granted,  by  a  large  majority,  with  the 
understanding  that  they  were  not  obliged  to  form  a 
distinct  society,  but  miijhi  do  so,  if,  upon  mature 
reflection,  they  thought  best.  The  commission  met 
in  ,Iune,  1736.  The  endeavors  to  effect  a  re-union 
of  the  congregation  having  been  unsuccessful,  they 
persuaded  the  friends  of  Robert  Cross  to  m.ake  a 
I'urther  eftbrt,  and  Mr.  .Vndrews  heartily  approved  of 
the  design,  but  his  friends  would  not  consent  to  it. 
The  new  congregation  had  various  supplies  until 
1737,  when  Robert  Cross  acqepted  their  call.  The 
two  congregations  were  then  united,  and  were  allowed 
fifty  pounds  out  of  the  funds  of  the  Synod,  to  buy  a 
burying  ground.  Mr.  Andrews  was  recording  clerk 
of  the  Presbytery  and  of  the  Synod  as  long  as  he 
lived.     He  died  in  1747. 

Andrews,  Silas  Milton,  D.D.,  son  of  George 
and  Catharine  (Barr)  Andrews,  was  born  March  11th, 
1805,  in  Back  Creek  Congregation,  Kowan  County, 
N.  C.  He  was  graduated  from  the  University  of  North 
Carolina,  at  Chapel  Hill,  A.  D.  1826  ;  biught  a  class- 
ical school  in  his  native  place  one  and  a  half  years  ; 
was  for  another  one  and  a  half  years  Tutor  in  the 
University  of  North  Carolin.a  ;  entered  Princeton  Semi- 
nary in  the  Fall  of  1828;  and  was  regularly  graduated 
in  the  Fall  of  1831.  He  was  licensed  by  New  Bruns- 
\vick  Presbytery,  February  2d,  1831  ;  ordained  by 
the  Pre-sbytery  of  Philadelphia,  at  Doylestown,  Pa., 
November  16th,  1831,  and  on  the  same  day  installed 
pastor  of  the  Church  of  Doylesto^vn  an'd  Deep  Run. 
This  was  his  one,  uninterrupted,  and  only  charge 
from  that  day  until  his  death,  a  period  of  forty-nine 
years  and  four  months.  Here  he  labored  steadily, 
industriously,  with  marked  ability,  -sound  judgment 
and  rare  devotion  to  his  one  work,  concentrating  all 
his  eftbrts  on  his  charge,  and  taking  very  little  part  in 
outside  affairs,  gathering  in  from  time  to  time  large 
numbers  of  converts,  and  training  and  edifying  his 
people  in  the  way  of  truth,  holiness  and  duty.  For  the 
first  seventeen  years  of  his  pastorate  he  also  conducted 
a  private  classiciil  school,  in  addition  to  performing 
his  ministerial  duties.     He  died  March  7th,  1881. 

Dr.  Andrews  was  a  quiet,  una,ssuniing  man,  averse 
to  all  pretension  and  ostentation.  He  po.ssessed 
excellent  scholarship,  a  well-balanced  mind,  rare 
good  judgment,  and  was  a  Scriptural  and  impressive 
preacher.  From  October  15th,  1848,  until  the  Re- 
union in  1870,  when  he  declined  a  re-election,  he 


ANDRUS. 


30 


ANTRIM  cnvRcn. 


was  State<l  Clerk  of  the  Synod  nl"  I'hiladclphia,  the 
duties  of  which  office  he  was  ailiniraUly  iinalificd  to 
fulfill  by  his  accuracy,  his  nutliixlical  carcfulncs.s, 
and  his  fine  ])inmanship.  He  was  held  in  lii^li 
respect  and  warm  n  ;;ard  by  all  who  knew  him. 

Andrus,  Rev.  Alpheus  Ne'wrell,  was  born  in 
I'oufihkeepsie,  N.  V.,  July  17th,  1-<1:!,  and  }^a<luated 
at  Williams  College  in  18fi4.  .  After-graduating  at  the 
Union  Theological  Seminary,  New  York  city,  in  1867, 
he  remained  almost  a  year  as  a  resident  graduate. 
He  wa.s  ordained  February  23d,  1H(!8.  On  April  2.">th 
of  that  year  Mr.  Andrus  sailed  for  Turkey,  as  a  mis- 
sionary of  the  A.  K.  C.  F.  M.  He  was  a.ssigned  to  the 
Kastern  Turkey  nii.ssion,  and  to  the  Mardin  Station 
of  the  field,  which,  aftt-r  a  brief  stay  at  Kharjxiot 
Station,  he  rea<-hed  Xovenil)er  20th.  His  home  is  still 
there,  although  in  the  meantime  he  has  resided  for  a 
time  in  other  places,  as  circum.sfcmces  have  required. 
Mardin  is  the  central  station  of  a  large  field,  and 
since  Mr.  Andrus  has  been  connected  with  the  station, 
the  work  has  grown  to  doul)le  the  amount  that  was 
being  done  in  it  in  1868.  The  larger  portion  of  his 
time  has  been  devoted  to  the  prci)aration  of  young 
men  lor  the  gospel  ministry.  Amidst  many  trials 
and  difliculties,  he  is  very  zealous  and  faithful  in  liis 
efforts  to  tnrn  the  thoughts  and  desires  of  the  op- 
pres.sed  ones  among  whom  he  labors  toward  the 
kingdom  of  our  Lord  and  of  his  Christ.  In  writing 
to  a  friend  in  this  country,  in  IHS-J,  he  says:  "I  hope 
to  live  at  least  twenty  years  longer  in  tlie.se  parts,  for 
1  believe  they  will  be  full  of  change,  and  hope,  and 
])r()gi'<'ss. " 

Annan,  Rev.  "William,  a  member  of  the  Pres- 
bytery of  Allegheny,  was  born  in  180.5.  He  was  a 
graduate  of  Dic^kinson  College  and  of  Princeton  Semi- 
nary; w;is  pastor  of  the  churches  of  Kishacoquillas 
and  Little  Valley,  Penn.sylvania,  from  18:51  to  183"), 
and  of  the  church  of  Sewicklcy,  Westmoreland 
county,  Pennsylvania,  from  1836  to  1838,  and  was 
editor  of  the  Pi-mhi/lerlan  Ailrocatr,  of  which  the 
PrcHhylrrinn  Banner  is  the  continuance,  from  1838  to 
18iV>.  He  Wivs  a  keen  controversialist,  always  ready 
to  utter  his  convictions,  and  resolute  in  his  defence 
of  them.  He  Wiis  the  author  of  some  hooks  in  which 
topics  of  interest  at  the  time  were  diseus.sed,  and  he 
treated  every  subject  he  took  in  hand  with  great 
vigor  and  tborouglincss.  He  was  an  ardent  Presby- 
terian and  Calvinist,  and  w:us  always  ready  to  give  a 
reason  for  the  faith  that  was  in  him.  \  bold  defender 
of  the  truth,  a  devout  Christian  as  well;  he  loved 
the  Church  he  served,  hut  loved  Christ  supremely, 
and  strove  to  live  for  the  higher  interests  of  men. 
His  last  years  were  spent  in  retirement.  He  died  at 
his  home  in  Allegheny,  Pennsylvania,  .Tune  26th, 
1882,  going  down  to  the  grave  in  a  firm  and  bles.sed 
hope  of  etirual  lile  Ibriiugh  ( 'Inist  .lesus  his  Lord. 

Antrim  (N.  H. )  Presbyterian  Church.  For 
many  years  there  was  no  religious  m<-eting  of  any 
kind  in  Antrim.     The  first  sermon  in  the  town  was 


preached  September,  1775,  in  Deacon  Aiken's  barn, 
which  stood  about  half  way  between  the  old  Aiken 
hou.se  and  the  barn,  now  Mr.  Cove's.  The  speaker. 
Rev.  William  Davidson,  of  Londonderry,  was  a  gray 
old  divine,  a  dull  preacher,  but  an  aflectionate  and 
holy  man.  He  was  personally  acquainted  with  those 
whom  he  was  addressing,  for  they  were  the  children 
that  had  grown  up  about  him  in  his  long  ministry  at 
home.  The  rough-clad  settlers,  the  hardy  wives  in 
their  homespun,  ribbonle.ss  as  Eve  was  in  Eden,  and 
barefooted  cliildnti.  made  up  the  gioup,  seated  on 
rough  planks  and  bits  of  logs,  or  leaning  against  the 
hay-mow,  listening,  liushed  and  reverent,  to  the 
words  of  life.  Fitly  they  worshiped  Him  who  was 
born  in  a  manner  "where  the  horned  oxen  fed." 

lu  the  two  next  years,  1776  and  1777,  nothing  was 
paid  for  preaching,  as  far  as  is  known,  but  two  er 
three  times  each  Summer  they  met  to  listen  to  .some 
neighboring  minister  that  came  among  them;  yet  in 
these  and  preceding  years  they  were  not  negligent  of 
religious  things.  They  taught  their  children  at  home. 
The  Bible  and  the  Catechi.sm  were  the  chief  literature 
in  every  house.  They  kept  the  Sabbath  with  great 
reverence.  Nobody  could  even  walk  the  rough  paths 
of  the  forest  without  being  liable  to  be  Ciilled  in  ques- 
tion for  breaking  the  day  of  God.  Having  no  trash 
to  read,  or  for  their  children  Jo  read,  they  studied 
over  and  over  the  Holy  l'.ook,  and  came  to  hold  its 
great  doctrines  rigidly  and  intelligently;  yet  they 
longed  for  a  stated  preaching  of  the  Word,  and  at 
their  ftV.'i/  March  meeting,  1778,  voted  thirty-two  dol- 
lars tor  that  purpose,  and  in  July  of  the  same  year 
voted  one  hundred  dollars  more.  This,  considering 
their  feebleness  and  their  jwverty,  w.ts  a  very  gener- 
ous outlay.  It  would  be  about  like  nine  thousand  a 
year  for  Antrim  now. 

From  this  time  till  1800,  twenty-two  years,  they  had 
no  .settled  minister,  but  such  supplies  foi^a  p,irt  of  each 
year  as  they  could  get  here  and  there  ;  yet  it  seems 
that  when  they  had  no  minister  they  went  on  with 
the  service  without  him,  inasmuch  as  the  town  voted, 
1782,  that  Daniel  Nichols,  a  smart  young  man  of  the 
place,  should  "read  the  P.sjdm  on  Sjibbath  days,  and 
all  other  days  when  public  service  is  attended."  In 
1780,  eight  ycai-s  before  there  was  any  church  organi- 
zation, and  five  years  iK'fore  tlii-rc  w:us  any  church 
building,  the  (nirn  voted  a  call  to  Kev.  .Tames  Milti- 
more,  which  he  declined,  though  he  preached  here 
part  of  each  summer  for  five  years.  Services  were 
held  in  the  settlers'  hou.ses,  in  barns  and  in  the  open 
air.  In  the  Spring  of  178."i  the  town  voted  that  j>nblic 
worship  for  that  year  should  be  at  Daniel  Sliltimore's, 
now  Mr.  WTiiteley's  ;  and  there  it  was  that,  when  the 
little  dwelling  was  crowded  full,  the  flooring  gave  way 
and  dropped  them,  furniture,  minister  and  all,  into 
the  cellar  !  In  1781  a  committiM'  was  a]>|K)inted  to 
make  the  nece,s.s;(ry  arriiiigements  for  building  a 
meeting  house,  and  on  June  2'<th.  I7>Ci,  the 
frame  was  raise<l,  and  the  hoiusc  w.is  completed  near 


ANTEui  cnvRcn. 


31 


ARCH  STREET  CHURCH. 


the  close  of  1792,  it  taking  nearly  eight  years  to  strug- 
gle tkrough  to  this  result. 

The  church  in  Antrim  was  organizi'd  August  2(1, 
1788.  The  old  records  call  it  the  "Church  of 
Christ  in  Antrim."  Rev.  William  Morrison  came 
here  by  Direction  of  the  Presbj^tery  of  Londonderry, 
organized  the  church,  and  ordained  James  Aiken, 
Isaac  Cochran  and  Jonathan  Xi'smith  as  "ruling 
elders  and  deacons."  The  original  members  of  the 
church  were  seventy-two.  Mr.  Morrison  came  here 
every  year,  baptized  children,  received  members  and 
preached.  lie  exercised  a  loving,  fatherly  care  over 
the  church  and  was  greatly  endeared  to  it.  The 
people  flocked  together  with  great  zeal  to  hear  the 
Word  from  his  lijis.  He  held  ' '  protracted  meetings, ' ' 
and  they  were  of  great  interest.  This  noble  man 
died  March  yth,  1818.  His  last  words  were,  "Come, 
come.  Lord  Jesus  !" 

The  first  minister  of  this  church  was  Rev.  Walter 
Little,  who  was  born  in  17C6,  graduated  at  Dart- 
mouth College  in  1796,  settled  at  Antrim  in  1800, 
left  in  1804,  and  died  in  Marj-land  in  1815.  The 
next  mihister  was  Eev.  John  M.  ^\^liton,  d.d.  He 
was  born  in  Winchendon,  JIass.,  August  1st,  1785, 
graduated  at  Ytde  College  in  1805,  came  to  Antrim 
in  1807,  was  pastor  forty-live  years,  and  died  in  Ben- 
nington, September  27th,  1856.  Dr.  Whitou  su.s- 
tained  a  high  Christian  eluiracter,  and  was  universally 
beloved.  The  ne.\t  minister  was  Rev.  John  H.  Bates, 
who  was  born  in  Colchester,  Vt.,  1814,  graduated  at 
the  University  of  "Vermont,  1840,  came  to  Antrim, 
1853,  resigned  the  pa.storate  July  1st,  1806,  and  died 
in  Charleston,  S.  C,  Slay  10th,  1870.  Mr.  Bates  lyas 
a  man  of  more  than  ordinary  scholarship  and  ability, 
and  did  much  fur  the  church.  The  ne.xt  pastor  was 
the  present  one,  Rev.  AV.  11.  Cochrane.  He  was  born 
in  New  Boston,  1835,  graduated  at  Dartmouth  College 
in  1859,  was  tutor  there,  1801,  came  to  Antrim  1867, 
and  has  been  pastor  iu  acfual  ser\'ice  since  January 
1st,  1868,  though  not  ordained  till  1869.  In  this, 
his  first  and  only  charge,  the  divine  blessing  has 
largely  attended  his  ministry. 

The  present  house  of  worship  was  dedicated  to 
Ctod  on  Wednesday,  Xovember  15th,  1826,  and  on 
that  occasion  Mr.  AVhiton  preached  to  a  large  assem- 
bly, on  the  text,  "This  is  none  other  than  the  house 
of  God,  and  this  is  the  gate  of  Heaven"  (Gen.  xxviii, 
17).  The  tu-st  Sabbath  of  the  following  December 
the  congregation  met  for  the  last  se^^^ee  in  the  old 
house  on  the  hill.  It  was  cold  and  desolate — nature's 
mournfulest  hour — but  the  company  was  large,  and 
Mr.  AMiiton  preached  an  able  sermon  from  John  iv, 
20,  "Our  fathers  worshiped  in  this  mountain;" 
closing  with  the  words  of  .Tesus  at  tlie  Supper, 
"Arise,  Ictus  go  hence."  Then  they  all  marched 
down  the  hill  to  the  new  edifice,  filling  it  full,  and 
Mr.  AVhiton  preached  again,  from  Psalm  cxxxii,  8,  9, 
".•Arise,  O  Lord,  into  Thy  rest.  Thou,  and  the  ark  of 
Thy  strength;  let  Thy  priests  be  clothed  with  right- 


eousness, and  let  Thy  saints  shout  for  joy."  In  that 
edifice,  through  many  clianges,  the  truth  has  con- 
tinued to  be  ably  and  lovingly  spoken;  many  have 
been  comforted  and  many  saved.  "Surely,"  says 
the  pastor,  in  his  Memorial  Sermon  (1876),  "  We 
have  reason  to  bless  God  for  His  care,  to  keep  His 
word  in  our  hearts,  to  teach  our  children  the  sure- 
ness  of  His  love,  and  to  talk  of  all  His  mercies  by  the 
way.  He  has  been  true  to  His  promises  to  the 
fathers  tlirongh  all  these  years  and  changes;  He  has 
kept  this  people  in  peace,  aud  to-day  we  are  stronger 
in  numbers  and  wealth  than  ever  before,  and  I  trust, 
not  less  strong  in  that  personal  consecration  which 
is  the  real  index  of  the  power  of  a  church." 

Archibald ,  George  D. ,  D.  D. ,  was  born  in  Wash- 
ington county,  Pa.,  February  15th,  1820.  He  grad- 
uated at  Jefterson  College,  Pa.,  in  1847;  at  the  Asso- 
ciate Reformed  Theological  Seminary,  Allegheny,  Pa., 
in  1849,  and  was  licensed  by  the  Presbytery  of  Mon- 
ongahela  (.Associate  Reformed),  JIarch  28th,  1849. 
He  was  ordained  by  the  Presbytery  of  Monongahela, 
June  25th,  18^0,  pastor  of  the  Manchester  Church, 
Allegheny,  Pa. ;  was  jjastor  of  the  Associate  Reformed 
Presbj-terian  Church,  Cincinnati,  O.,  1855-60;  pastor 
of  the  First  Presbj'terian  Church,  Madison,  Ind., 
1861-6,  and  pastor  of  AVestmin.ster  Church,  New  York 
city,  1860-8.  He  was  President  of  Hanover  College, 
1868-70;  Professor  of  Homiletics,  Polity  and  Pastoral 
Theology,  in  Danville  Theological  Seminary,  1870-82. 
He  was  President  of  Wilson  Female  Seminary,  Cham- 
bersburg.  Pa. ,  one  year,  while  Danville  Seminary  wa.s 
suspended,  1873-4.  He  was  Professor  of  Mental  and 
Moral  Sciences,  in  Wpo'ster  University,  1882.  Dr. 
Archibald  is  a  ripe  scholar,  and  preaches  with  ability 
and  fidelity.  His  life  has  been  one  of  great  use- 
fulness. 

Arch.  Street  Presbjrterian  Church,  Phila- 
delphia. The  first  regular  service  was  held  in  this 
church  on  Saturday,  June  7th,  1823.  The  first  con- 
gregation was  known  as  the  Fifth  Presbyterian 
Church.  They  formerly  occupied  a  somewhat  dilapi- 
dated chapel  on  Locust  Street,  which  stood  on  the 
ground  now  occupied  by  Musical  Fund  Hall.  The 
first  jiastor  of  the  flock  was  Rev.  George  Cox.  He 
was  installed  on  the  21st  of  April,  1813.  The  next 
pastor  was  James  K.  Birch,  who  was  installed  July 
19th,  1813.  He  was  released  November  5th,  1816. 
The  present  church  was  founded  by  a  committee  of 
the  Philadelphia  Presbj'tery,  on  February  6th,  1850. 
The  committee  held  its  first  meeting  in  the  Taber- 
nacle Church,  on  Broad  Street.  Two  of  the  members 
of  that  committee  were  Rev.  Drs.  Boardman  and  Lord. 
On  the  first  day  of  December  Dr.  Tliomas  H.  Skinner 
was  called.  Shortly  alter  hit  went  to  Locust  street 
he  was  called  to  New  Orleans.  The  call,  however, 
he  refused  to  accept. 

Uix)n  the  occiision  of  taking  possession  of  the 
present  building.  Dr.  Skinner  preached,  on  the 
subject,    "  Prejudicfe  against   doctrinal   preaching." 


ARCIT  STREET  CHl'IiCn. 


32 


ARKANSAS  COLLEGE. 


He  preached  every  evening  that  week,  and  on  the 
seventh  night  took  as  his  subject  "Ori};inal  Sin.'" 
It  was  for  this  discourse  that  he  was  tlircatcncd 
with  a  church  trial  lor  heresy,  which,  liowever, 
never  took  place.  The  sermon  created  widespread 
attention.  Dr.  Skinner  almost  surpassed  Kichard 
Baxter  in  the  abundance  of  his  preaching.  His 
pastorate  was  characterized,  by  a  series  of  powerful 
revivals,  e.specially  that  of  February,  1827.  On 
March  5th,  1828,  Dr.  Skinner  was  called  to  Boston 
and  Dr.  Lyman  Beechcr  w;us  rc(iuested  to  fill  his 
place.  This  ofler  was  declined,  and  on  October  2(ith 
of  that  s;ime  year  Dr.  Skinner  was  prevailed  upon 
to  return.  He  was  finally  released  in  1832,  to  accept 
the  chair  of  Sacred  IMietoric  at  Andover  Seminary. 
He  died  on  February  1st,  1871. 

Of  the  three  hundred  and  forty-eight  members  of 
the  congregation  during  the  first  year  of  Dr.  Skinner's 
pastorate  only  two  are  now  living.  Out  of  this  con- 
gregation two  hundred  and  forty-eight  had  Christian 
names  taken  from  the  Bible.  Of  the  early  st;ite  of 
the  church  Joseph  H.  Dulles,  Esij.,  wrote,  in  1871, 
saying,  "There  never  was  a  church  exi.sting  in  a 
more  perfect  state  of  holiness.  We  s;it  face  to  face 
at  communion  without  impinging  upon  the  soc^ial 
relations  of  the  members  of  the  congregation.  Then 
communion  Wivs  held  on  the  first  Sabbath  of  January, 
April,  July  and  October.  The  congregation  was  di- 
vided into  fivi^  sections  or  clas.scs,  each  cla.ss  under 
the  spiritual  charge  of  two  elders." 

In  1825  the  Sunday  School  luid  227  scholars  and 
twcnty-si.v  teachers.  When  Dr.  Skinner  retired  the 
congregation  numlHreii  000  persons.  A  great  contest 
sprang  upover  the  choosing  of  Dr.  Skinner's  succes.sor. 
As  a  result,  the  larger  p;irt  of  the  congreg-ation  seceded 
and  formed  ^\^litefield  Chapel.  Those  that  remained, 
ninety-two  in  number,  chose  as  their  pjistor  Kcv. 
George  Dulfield,  of  Carlisle.  He  was  lnst;illed  April 
oth,  1835,  remained  but  a  short  time,  and  took  diargc 
of  the  First  Church,  Detroit,  Mich.,  where  he  died  in 
1868,  at  the  age  of  sixty-ei^ht.  He  w;us  succeeded  bj- 
Rev.  Thomas  T.  Wat<rburv,  who  was  inst;illcd  in 
December,  1837,  and  w:ls  released  in  March,  1*13. 
The  next  pastor  was  the  Rev.  M.  P.  Thompson,  who 
was  in.stalled  in  1344,  and  released  on  February  15th, 
1818.  He  left  over  350  members.  The  Fifth  Presby- 
terian  Church  was  tlii'U  <lisbanded,  and  the  present 
church  formed  as  an  Old  Scliool  church.  The  first 
jKistor  alter  the  reorganization  w;us  Kcv.  Charles  Wads- 
worth,  of  Troy,  X.  Y.  Ho  was  instidled  in  March, 
1850.  The  Sunday  School  was  organized  February 
24th,  1.8,')0.  Dr.  Wadsworth,  on  April  3il,  w;is  cjiUed 
to  San  Francisco,  but  returned  to  this  city  in  1868, 
and  liecame  the  pastor  of  the  Clinton  Street  Church. 
He  died  April  1st,  1882.  The  Rev.  Nathaniel  W. 
Conkling  w;is  installed  piustor  of  the  church  in  1863, 
and  continued  in  this  relation  five  years.  The  Rev. 
John  Linds;iy  Withmw  filled  the  jiaslorate  from  lSfi8 
to  1873.     The  term  of  the  present  p;istor,  Rev.  John 


S.  Sands,  began  on  September  19th,  1880.  The  con- 
gregation now  number  over  300.  Tlie  average  annual 
cost  of  maint;iining  the  church  has  been  over  f  15,000. 
The  church  is  free  from  debt.  The  present  edifice 
originally  cost  5^27,000,  and  the  ground  upon  which 
it  stands  JM, 001). 

Arkansas  College. — This  in.stitution,  located 
at  Batcsville,  Ark.,  was  founded  and  organized,  under 
its  charter,  in  September,  1872.  It  w;is  founded,  and 
is  maintained,  as  a  Christian  School,  under  control 
of  tru.stee-s,  nominated  by  the  Presbyteries  of  Arkan- 
sas and  Ouchita.  Biuldings  and  grouniLs,  etc., 
secured  by  voluntary  donations.  It  lays  no  claim  to 
be  a  University,  but  simply  aspires  to  the  position  of 
a  good  college,  where  can  l>e  obtaine<l  a«q;ind,  thor- 
ough Christian  education.  So  far  as  it  has  distinctive 
features  they  may  be  summarily  stated  as  including 
the  following,  viz.: — 1.  It  has  as  yet  no  permanent 
endo^vment.  Outside  of  very  moderate  tuition  fees, 
all  the  financial  support  it  receives  comes  from  volun- 
tary contributions  from  indi\'iduals,  in  the  form  of 
annual  endowment  subscriptions.  2.  The  t<a<hers, 
while  having  burdens  to  bear,  have  been,  and  must 
be,  siK'h  as  earnestly  fulfill  the  duties  of  their  calling, 
animat<'d  chiefly  bj'  the  prospect  of  eminent  useful- 
ness in  their  work.  3.  No  student  desirous  of  enjoy- 
ing its  advantages  has  ever  been  turned  away,  from 
inability  to  pay  fees  ;  consequently  the  College  h;is 
done,  and  still  is  doing,  a  large  amount  of  work 
either  wholly  or  partially  gratuitous.  4.  Students 
of  both  sexes  are  admitted  on  eqiuil  terms,  to  all 
the  privileges  of  the  Iu.stitution.  It  lias  ever  been 
found  a  mutual  restraint  and  stimulus  to  both  to 
recite  in  the  same  classes — thus  following  the  order 
of  natmre,  as  lioth  are  bom  and  reared  in  the  same 
families.  5.  The  Bible  is  made  a  r»>gular  text-l)ook 
of  instruction.  Classes  recite  in  it  as  reguhirly  as  in 
arithmetic  or  hi.storv.  A  fair  knowledge  of  its  con- 
tents is  an  indisiH>ns;il>le  part  of  the  literary  course 
of  study.  None  can  secure  either  certificates  of  pro- 
ficiency, or  diploma,  without  good  average  attain- 
ment.s  in  this  dcivirtment  of  study.  6.  A  course  of 
Church  History  fom\s  a  part  of  the  regular  curricu- 
lum, neces.sary  to  secure  the  diploma  conferring  the 
degree  of  A.  B.  7.  The  plan  of  strict  class  division 
is  di.scardcd.  A  certiiin  course  has  to  1m?  complcti-<l, 
with  commendable  thoroughness,  in  order  to  secure 
a  diploma  or  certificate.  If  this  lx>  done  by  a  .student 
in  one  year  the  degree  will  Ijc  awardinl  him;  if  it 
require  ten  years  it  will  be  exacted.  8.  No  class 
honors  are  bestowed,  save  the  diploma,  In-lieving 
these  to  be  a  source  of  trouble,  often  engi'iiderwl, 
by  appealing  to  motives  that  net-d  to  be  represwHl, 
rather  than  stimulated.  9.  The  discipline  is  directed 
to  the  great  end  of  training  the  students  to  self- 
government,  rather  than  to  accustom  them  to  be 
governed  by  the  enforcement  of  certain  rules.  The 
.system  of  espion.ige  is,  fiir  the  most  jwrt,  discanled — 
the  only  rule  attempted  to  Ik;  enfori-eil  as  the  stan- 


ARMISTEAD. 


33 


ARMSTROXG. 


dard  of  conduct  is  the  golden  rule.  Nearly  one-half 
of  the  male  gra<luatos,  thus  far,  hare  entered  the 
miuistrj-,  or  are  in  preparation  for  that  profession. 
The  Institution  h;is  had  the  same  President  during 
the  twelve  years  it  has  been  in  operation  {Rev.  Is;iac 
J.  Long,  D.  D.),  by  whom  it  was  originxiUy  founded, 
who,  in  addition  to  the  Presidency,  has  filled  the 
Profes-sorship  of  Ancient  Languages  and  Jloral  Science. 

Armistead,  Jessa  H.,  D.  D.,  was  one  of  the 
princes  of  the  Virginia  pulpit  of  his  day.  He 
received  his  college  education  at  Hampden  Sidney, 
and  his  theological  education  at  the  Union  Seminary. 
He  was  licensed  to  preach  at  Old  Concord  Church,  in 
1826,  at  23  j-ears  of  ag(^,  as  is  Ixlieved.  His  first 
places  of  stated  preaching  were  Carters\Tlle  (near  his 
father's  residence),  and  the  Brick  Church  in  Flu- 
vianna.  In  the  fall  oriS28  he  was  called  to  be  the  pa.stor 
of  the  then  recently  planted  church  at  Buckingham 
Court  House.  About  that  time  occurred  one  of  the 
visits  of  Rev.  Asahel  Nettleton  to  Virginia,  and  no 
man  in  the  State,  probably,  more  clearly  caught  the 
simple  and  godly  skill  of  that  wonderful  evangelist, 
"  in  so  speaking  "  that  many  might  believe,  than  the 
young  pastor  at  Buckingham  Court  House.  Mr. 
Armiste;id  was  deeply  engaged  in  the  revival  of 
1831-2,  and  his  ministry  was  signally  o\vned  by  the 
Spirit  of  God.  Dnrlng  his  i^astorate  of  fourteen  years 
at  Buckingham,  many  of  the  most  influential  people 
of  the  county  were  brought  to  Christ,  and  the  church 
to  which  ho  ministered,  instead  of  the  feeble  attitude 
which  it  had  held,  assumed  a  commanding  position  in 
the  countj-. 

In  1842  Dr.  Armistead  succeeded  that  eloquent 
man,  the  Rev.  John  Kirkpatrick,  in  the  pastorate  of 
the  Cumberland  Church.  The  erection  of  the  two 
church  edifices,  Brown's  and  Centre,  marks  his  con- 
nection with  that  church.  In  many  other  respects 
the  divine  blessing  attended  his  ministry  there.  He 
departed  this  life,  at  his  residence,  Woodrille,  Cum- 
berland County,  Va.,  in  the  71st  year  of  his  age, 
according  to  his  repeatedly  e.xpressed  desire,  "dur- 
ing the  holy  quiet  of  the  S.ibbath, "  on  the  30th  of 
May,  13G9,  sealing  the  life  of  a  valiant  and  faithful 
standard-bearer  of  Christ,  by  a  death  in  which  faith 
and  hope  had  complete  triumph,  through  Jesus  Christ 
our  Lord. 

Armstrong,  Amzi,  D.  D.,  was  born  in  Florida, 
Orange  county,  X.  Y.,  on  the  1st  of  December,  1771. 
He  commenced  the  study  of  tlie  languages  when  he 
was  quite  young,  under  the  tuition  of  the  Rev.  Amzi 
Lewis,  then  pastor  of  the  Church  at  Florida.  Sub- 
sequently to  this  he  spent  two  years  as  a  member 
of  Dr.  Dwight's  school  at  Greenfield,  Conn.  He 
was  never  connected  as  a  student  with  any  col- 
lege. After  studying  theology  under  the  direction 
of  the  Rev.  Jedediah  Chapman,  he  was  licensed  to 
preach  by  the  Presbytery  of  New  York,  October  23d, 
1795.  He  was  installed  pastor  of  the  church  in 
Mendham,  X.  J.,  Xovember  29th,  1796,  and  con- 
3 


tinned  laboriously  and  zealously  in  this  relation  for 
twenty  years.  October  2d,  1816,  he  took  charge  of 
an  academy  in  Bloomfield,  and  remained  its  Princi- 
pal till  about  a  year  pre\ious  to  his  death,  which  oc- 
curred at  Perth  Amboy,  March  4th,  1827.  As  a  man, 
a  citizen,  and  a  pastor.  Dr.  Armstrong  was  very  highly 
esteemed  in  his  congregation.  In  intellect  he  was 
much  above  mediocrity,  and  as  a  preacher  he  was 
superior  to  most  of  his  brethren.  In  the  j  udicatories 
of  the  Church  he  exerted  great  influence  and  com- 
manded high  respect. 

Armstrong,  Chester  Solon,  D.D.,  was  bom  m 
Parishville,  N.  Y.,  September  4th,  182G.  His  parents 
were  Chester  and  Eunice  Armstrong,  of  Addison 
county,  Vt.  He  emigrated  with  his  father's  family 
to  Jackson  county,  Mich.,  in  1839.  He  graduated 
at  Michigan  University  in  18.52,  teaching  all  the  way 
betimes.  He  was  superintendent  of  public  schools 
in  Jackson,  Mich.,  one  year  following.  As  a  teacher 
he  achieved  a  rather  flattering  success.  In  1856  he 
graduated  at  Union  Theological  Seminary,  and  was 
licensed  by  the  Third  Presbytery  of  Xew  York,  April 
of  tlie  same  year.  For  three  years  he  was  superin- 
tendent of  Seamen's  Jlissions  for  the  Brooklyn  City 
Bible  and  Tract  Society.  He  was  p.istor  of  the  First 
Church,  Lansing,  Slich.,  1856-65,  in  which  his  labors 
were  greatly  blessed.  He  subsequently  organized  the 
Second  Church,  Lansing,  and  assisted  in  organizing 
four  other  churches  at  outlying  preaching  points. 
He  was  pastor  of  the  Second  Church,  1865-9,  and  was 
very  successful  in  his  work.  For  six  years  he  was 
Stated  Clerk  of  his  Presbj-tery.  In  1869  he  was 
called  to  the  Prcshj-terian  Church,  Alton,  111., 
the  church  prospering  greatly,  both  spiritually 
and  temporall}^,  under  his  ministry'.  From  a  very 
earl}'  time  Dr.  Armstrong  has  had  an  earnest  sym- 
pathy with  evangelistic  labor  and  organizing  pio- 
neer enterprises.  In  view  of  this  tendency  he  was 
once  commissioned  (in  1868)  by  the  Home  Board, 
Secretary'  of  Home  Missions  for  the  Synod  of  Jlichi- 
gan,  and  has  been  more  recently  nominated  by  his 
own  Sj-nod  (Hlinois  South)  to  the  like  position.  His 
efforts  aiding  brethcn,  and  at  pioneer  points,  are  be- 
lieved to  have  resulted  in  conversions  scarcely  less  in 
number  than  those  that  have  occurred  under  his  pas- 
toral labors. 

Armstrong,  George  Dodd,  D.  D.,  son  of 
Amzi  Armstrong,  D.  D.,  w;is  born  at  Mendham,  Mor- 
ris county.  New  Jersey,  in  1813.  Was  graduated  at 
Princeton  in  1S32.  Immediately  after  went  to  Rich- 
mond, Va.,  where  his  brother,  AVilliam  J.  Armstrong, 
D.  D.,  was  then  pastor  of  the  First  Presbyterian 
Church.  After  teaching  some  years,  he  entered  Union 
Theological  Seminar}',  Virginia,  in  1836.  In  January, 
1338,  became  Professor  of  Chemistry  and  Mechanics 
in  "Washington  College  (now  Washington  and  Lee 
University),  Lexington,  Va.  Was  licensed  to  preach 
the  gospel  by  the  Presbytery  of  Lexington,  in  Septem- 
ber of  the  same  year.     In  1851  resigned  his  Professor- 


ARMSTRONG. 


M 


ARMSTRONG. 


ship  to  accept  the  pastoral  charge  of  the  First  Pres- 
byterian Church,  Norfolk,  Va.,  in  which  charge  he 
h;is  continued  to  the  present  time,  1883.  During  his 
residence  in  Lexin^^on  his  ministry  was  eminently 
acceptable  -nhcreTer  exercised,  especially  as  stated 
supply  in  the  Church  of  Tim1)er  Ridge. 

Dr.  Ai-mstrong  has  been  an  active,  though  not  a 
voluminous,  writer,  from  the  time  he  entered  the  min- 
istry. His  first  publication  in  a  book  form  was  ' '  The 
Summer  of  the  Pestilence" — a  history,  with  the  au- 
thor's personal  ob.ser\-ations,  of  the  terrible  epidemic 
of  yellow  fever  which  visited  Norfolk  in  1855.  Un- 
der tliis  scourge,  which  brought  a  fearful  desolation 
upon  his  hou-sehold,  he  liimself  suffered  severely,  but 
was  spared,  and  his  faithful   labors  endeared  him 


GEOBOE  DODD  ABH8TR0NO,  D.  I>. 

greatly  to  the  whole  community.  Since  then  he  has 
published,  "The  Christian  Doctrine  of  Slavery,"  in 
IS-kS;  "The  Theology  of  Christian  Exjx'ricnce,"  an 
exposition  of  the  common  faith,  in  18G0,  and  "Tlie 
Sacraments  of  the  New  Testament,"  in  ISSl.  All  of 
these  are  j)roductions  of  unusual  cxeellencc'. 

Dr.  Armstrong's  preaching  is  distinguished  ibr  sim- 
plicity, both  as  to  matter  and  manner,  for  clear,  vig- 
orous discussion,  and  for  its  evangelical  character. 
His  work  as  a  pastor  has  been  greatly  blessed,  and 
the  church  under  his  care  has  ha<l  a  steiuly,  healthful 
growth.  A  long  life  of  threescore  years  and  ten, 
marked  by  a  thoroughly  amiable,  friendly  temper,  by 
earnest,  consistent  l)iety,  7.eah)usand  suei-essful  labor}, 
entitles  hira  to  the  eonfidenee,  honor  and  affection 
which  are  amply  bestowed  win  nvi  r  ho  is  known. 


Armstrong,  Rev.  James  Francis,  wasof  Irish 
extraction,  and  was  born  at  West  Nottingham,  Sid., 
April  3d,  1750.  He  graduated  at  Princeton  in  1773, 
studied  theology  imder  Dr.  Withersijoon's  direction, 
and  wa-s  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Presbytery  of 
New  Castle,  in  January,  1777.  He  was  ordained  by 
the  same  Presbytery,  in  Januarj-,  1778,  and  on  the 
17th  of  ,Iuly  follo^ving  w:ls  appointed  by  Congress 
"Chaplain  of  the  Second  Brig-ado  of  the  Maryland 
Forces."  In  June,  17*2,  he  commenced  preaching  to 
the  Church  in  Elizabethtown,  N.  J.,  and  he  supplied 
that  pulpit  for  nearly  a  year,  when  he  was  compelled 
to  discontinue  his  labors,  on  account  of  an  enfeebled 
state  of  health.  In  April,  1787,  Mr.  Armstrong 
accepted  a  call  to  Trenton.  The  charge  included, 
besides  the  church  in  town,  one  a  few  miles  distant 
in  the  country,  known  in  later  years  as  "Trenton 
First  Church."  In  April,  1787,  the  former  church 
found  a  sejiarate  supply.  He  then  served  the  towii 
church  alone,  until  September,  1790,  from  which 
(Late,  until  1806,  he  was  the  joint  pastor  of  the  Trenton 
and  Lawrenceville  congregations.  Jlr.  Armstrong 
died  January  10th,  1816.  He  was  a  man  of  much 
ardor,  activity  and  decision.  He  had  a  princely, 
generous  spirit,  which  always  answered  (juickly  to 
the  claims  of  human  wretchedness.  The  interests 
of  letters  and  of  religion  were,  more  than  anj-thing 
else,  impre-ssive  and  absorbing  with  him.  He  was  a 
highly  acceptable  preacher,  and  w.is  constant  and 
untiring  in  his  attendance  on  the  judicatories  of  the 
Church. 

Armstrong,  Jolm,  D.  D.,  son  of  Andrew  and 
JIaria  (Thoma.s)  Armstrong,  was  born  at  O.xford, 
Chester  county.  Pa.,  JIarch  lltli,  1^*25;  graduated  at 
Washington  College,  Virginia,  in  1850;  at  Princeton 
Seminary  in  1853,  and  was  licensed  by  New  Ciustle 
Presbytery,  April  14th,  1352.  He  labored  at  Platte 
I  City,  Mo.,  as  a  missionary,  from  June,  1853,  to  May, 
1854.  His  next  lield  was  at  Hazlcton,  Beaver  Meadow 
and  Weatherly,  Pa.,  where  he  was  stated  supi)Iy 
from  October,  18.)4,  to  Octoljcr,  1864.  Next  he 
preached  as  stated  supply  at  JIuscatine,  Iowa,  from 
October  IGth,  1864,  until  he  Wius  installed  as  pastor, 
June  14th,  18G.5,  and  labored  with  great  fidelity, 
acceptance  and  success  until  he  was  released,  July 
23d,  1874.  October  17th,  1874,  he  was  ajipointed  by 
the  Synod  of  Iowa  South,  as  Financial  Agent  to 
e.stiibli.sh  a  College;  an  object  in  behalf  of  wliich  his 
sympathies  liad  for  some  time  previously  been 
warmly  enlisted.  To  this  he  thenceforth  gave,  not 
only  his  gratuitous  labors,  but  repeated  donations 
from  his  own  resources.  As  the  result  of  his  efforts. 
Parsons  College  was  founded,  and  located  at  Fairfield, 
Iowa.  June  16th,  1875,  he  was  elected  I'rofessor  of 
History  and  Jloral  Philosophy  in  this  institution, 
and  June  20th,  1^*77,  was  elected  its  President.  He 
died  August  l.'ith,  1879.  Dr.  Armstrong  was  an 
honest,  earnest,  intelligent,  frank  man,  a  decided 
Christian  from  the  time  of  his  early  profession.     He 


ABMSTROXG. 


35 


ARNELL. 


possessed  rare  self-reliance    and  perseverance,    was 

always  a  diligent  student,  and  made  large  and  varied 
attainments. 

Armstrong,  Greneral  John.  Probably  no  one 
among  the  early  settlers  of  Cumberland  Valley,  Pa. , 
had  more  influence  in  directing  its  institutions  and 
destinies  than  John  Armstrong.  He  came  from  the 
north  of  Ireland,  and  settled  in  Carlisle,  in  1748.  He 
was  a  surveyor  under  the  Proprietary  Government; 
in  1775  he  was  a  Colonel,  and  subsequently  he  was  a 
Justice  of  the  Peace.  The  Indians,  who  often  made 
merciless  incursions,  by  which  the  peaceable  inhabit- 
ants were  despoiled,  captured  and  massacred,  had 
for  a  renderious  a  town  called  Kittaning,  about  two 
hundred  miles  westward  from  Carlisle.  About  two 
hundred  and  eighty  pro\'incials  were  mustered,  under 
the  command  of  Colonel  Armstrong,  and  sent  (1755), 
to  surprise  and  destroy  this  stronghold.  They  suc- 
ceeded in  their  scheme,  burned  the  buildings  of  the 
Indians,  and  put  to  death  the  chiefs  and  most  of  the 
warriors.  It  was  a  terrible  vengeance,  but  indispen- 
sable, even  in  the  interest  of  humanity.  For  this 
brilliant  success  the  Corporation  of  Philadelphia  pre- 
sented Colonel  Armstrong  mth  a  piece  of  plate  and  a 
silver  medal,  with  a  medal  for  each  of  the  oflicers 
under  him,  and  a  .sum  of  monej^  for  the  widows  and 
children  of  such  as  had  been  killed.  In  1758  he 
marched  UNith  the  advanced  division  of  three  thousand 
Pennsylvanians,  under  Colonel  Bouquet,  belonging  to 
the  expedition  under  Brigadier-General  Forbes  again.st 
Fort  Du  Quesne.  During  this  campaign  he  formed 
an  acquaintance  with  Colonel  Washington,  which 
subsequently  ripened  into  intimacy  and  warm  per- 
sonal trieniLship.  His  commission  as  a  Brigatlier 
General  in  the  Continental  Army  bears  date  JIarch 
1st,  1776.  In  1777  he  was  JIajor  General  in  com- 
mand of  the  Penn.sylvania  troops  during  the  battle 
of  Brandywine,  and  in  the  military  operations  of  that 
year  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  State.  He  was  also  a 
member  of  Congress  in  1778—80,  and  17S7-88. 

General  Armstrong  was  a  well  educated  man,  was 
endowed  with  much  practical  wisdom,  and  was  much 
consulted  and  trusted  by  the  Proprietary  of  the  Gov- 
craraeut,  and  subsequently  by  the  authorities  of  the 
State  and  nation.  He  was  an  elder  in  the  first  church 
organized  in  Carlisle,  and  of  which  Kev.  George  Duf- 
field,  D.  D. ,  was  first  pastor.  He  was  much  interested 
in  opposing  the  infidelity  which  became  prevalent  in 
this  country  soon  after  the  American  and  the  French 
Revolutions.  The  epitaph  on  his  tombstone,  in  the 
Old  Cemetery  of  Carlisle,  informs  us  that  he  was 
"eminently  distinguished  for  patriotism,  valor  and 
piety,  and  departed  this  life  JIarch  9th,  1795,  aged 
seveut^i'-five  years." 

Armstrong,  "William  Jessup,  D.  D.,  was  bom 
October  29th,  179fi,  at  Jlendham,  N.  J.,  where  his 
father,  the  Rev.  Amzi  Armstrong.  D.  D. ,  was  pastor 
of  the  Presbj-terian  Church.  In  the  autumn  of  181G 
he  completed  his  college  course  at  Princeton,  ha\-ing 


sustained  throughout  a  highly  respectable  standing 
as  a  scholar.  He  acted,  for  a  time,  as  assistant  teacher 
in  a  school  of  which  his  father  then  had  charge,  in 
Bloomfield  N.  J.,  and  studied  theology  under  his 
direction,  occasionally  availing  himself  of  the  aid 
of  Dr.  Richards,  then  minister  at  Newark.  After 
being  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Presbytery  of  Jersey, 
October  8th,  1818,  he  spent  a  year  in  the  Theo- 
logical Seminary  at  Princeton.  He  then  went  as  a 
missionary  to  Albemarle  countj',  in  the  central  part 
of  Virginia,  where  his  labors  were  attended  with 
much  success. 

In  1821  Sir.  Armstrong  became  pastor  of  the  First 
Presbyterian  Church  in  Trenton,  and  continued 
laboring  there,  with  great  fidelity  and  success,  nearly 
three  years.  In  1824  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  First 
Presbyterian  Church  in  Richmond,  Virginia.  Here  he 
labored  with  untiring  assiduity  for  ten  years,  during 
which  time  his  influence  was  constantly  increasing 
throughout  the  State.  He  was  Secretary  of  the 
Home  Jlissionarj'  Society  of  his  Presbytery,  trustee  of 
the  Union  Theological  Seminary,  manager  in  Tem- 
perance, Sabbath  school.  Colonization,  and  other 
societies,  besides  being  a  most  elficient  member  of 
the  difierent  ecclesiastical  bodies  with  which  he 
was  connected.  In  Slarch,  1834,  he  was  unanimously 
elected  Secretary  of  the  "Central  Board  of  Foreign 
ilissions,"  which  had  been  organized  by  the  East 
Hanover  Presbytery.  He  accepted  the  appointment, 
and  hi^  church,  though  devotedly  attached  to  him, 
recognized  the  higher  claims  of  the  missionary  cause, 
and  cheerfully  consented  to  give  him  up.  His  con- 
nection with  his  congregation  was  dissolved  on  the 
Gth  of  JIay.  He  was  immediately  appointed  General 
Agent  of  the  American  Board  of  Commissioners  for 
Foreign  Jlissions,  for  the  States  of  Virginia  and 
North  Carolina,  and  fidfilled  the  duties  of  this  agency 
with  great  success. 

In  September,  1834,  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the 
Board,  Dr.  Armstrong  was  appointed  one  of  its 
secretaries  for  correspondence.  In  this  position  he 
labored  earnesth'  and  successfully.  In  returning  to 
New  York,  where  he  then  resided,  irom  Boston, 
which  he  had  \-isited  officially,  he  was  drowned,  in 
the  wreck  of  the  steamer  Atlantic,  November  27th, 
1846,  but  his  remains  were  recovered  from  the  water. 
"Dr.  Armstrong's  qualifications,  both  mental  and 
moral,  for  eflicient  service  in  the  cause  of  Christ," 
•says  Dr.  Da\-id  JIagie,  ' '  were  of  a  high  order.  StUl, 
the  chief  beauty  of  his  character  was,  unquestionably, 
the  beauty  of  holiness.  No  one  could  be  acquainted 
with  him  at  all  without  recei\'ing  the  impression 
that  he  was  a  man  who  had  really  tasted  of  the  good 
Word  of  God  and  felt  the  powers  of  the  world  to 
come." 

Amell,  Rev.  James  Morrison,  was  bom  in 
Goshen,  Orange  county,  N.  Y.,  September  25th,  1808. 
As  a  student  of  Williams  College,  he  evinced  a  high 
order  of  talent,  and  took  rank  among  the  best  scholars 


ARTITVR. 


36 


A  SSEMBL  Y  GESER.  I  /.. 


in  his  class.  He  giaduate<l  in  September,  1827,  on 
■which  oocn-sion  he  delivered  a  Greek  oration.  Subse- 
quently he  pursued  hi.s  tlioloj^cal  studies,  under  the 
direction  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Ezra  Fisk,  tlie  minister  of 
his  native  place,  and  in  April,  1830,  he  was  licensed 
to  preach  the  gospel  by  the  Prcsbj'tcry  of  Hudson. 
He  labored  for  si.\  months  at  Tu.scumbia,  Ala. ;  then 
went  to  Tennessee,  in  1831,  where  he  wxs  ordained  to 
the  work  of  the  ministry,  and  installed  as  p;tstor  of 
Zion  Church,  near  Columbia,  March  31st,  1832.  Here 
he  continued,  a  devoted,  useful  and  most  acceptable 
pistor,  till  the  close  of  his  life,  March  -Ith,  18.")0.  Mr. 
Arnell  was  an  earnest  friend  to  the  cause  of  education, 
and  was  untiring  in  his  efforts  to  promote  it  in  the 
comparatively  new  country  in  which  his  lot  was  cast. 
He  contributed  many  articles  to  the  literary  and  re- 
ligious periodicals  of  the  day,  and,  among  others,  a 
series,  under  the  title  of  "Pulpit  Sketches,"  to  the 
Chrixtlan  Record,  which  are  rare  specimens  of  beauti- 
ful composition.  As  a  preaelicr,  he  always  com- 
manded attention.  As  he  was  distingui.shcd  for  the 
imaginative,  this  feature  of  his  mind  was  generally 
prominent  in  his  sermons.  They  startled  or  they  de- 
lighted; yet  the  solemnity,  the  sincerity,  the  faithful- 
ness of  the  preacher  showed  that  he  had  some  higher 
end  to  gain  than  merely  to  present  a  beautiful  picture. 
Tlie  native  genius  kindled  and  glowed,  while  he 
ardently  sought  to  jwint  his  hearers  to  heaven. 

Arthur,  Rev.  Thomas,  graduated  at  Yale,  in 
17i:!,  and  w;is,  on  Ix'ing  liceased,  employe^  for  a 
time  at  Stratfield,  Conn.  He  wxs  ordained  and  in- 
stalled, by  New  York  Presbyterj',  pastor  at  New 
Eruns>vick,  in  174G.  He  was  one  of  the  original 
trustees  of  New  Jersey  College.  He  died,  Februarj- 
2d,  17.>0-1,  aged  twenty-seven.  Mr.  Arthur  w;us  a 
good  scholar,  a  graceful  orator,  a  finished  preacher, 
an  excellent  Christian,  and  greatly  beloved  by  his 
pcojilc. 

Ashmead,  Isaac,  was  bom  in  Gcrmantown,  Pa. , 
Decemlx'r  22d,  1790.  After  the  usual  course  of  edu- 
cation customary  in  those  days  he  w;us  apprenticed 
to  Mr.  Bradford,  of  Philadelphia,  to  learn  the  trade 
of  i)rinter.  ANHiilst  learning  his  trade  he  enjoyed 
many  lacilities  for  the  study  of  diLssic  literature,  and 
being  endowed  with  a  good  memory,  ready  wit  and 
quick  perception,  he  soon  became  a  well-read  man. 
About  the  year  1*21  he  establishi'd  himself  in  tliat 
business,  which  he  carried  on  till  his  death,  founding 
what  is  now  the  oldest  printing  establishn\eut  in 
Philadelphia.  As  a  business  man  he  was  intelligent 
and  enterprising,  and  many  iraportiiUt  imi)roveracnts 
in  presswork  are  due  to  his  energy.  He  set  up  the 
first  powir  jircsses  ever  used  in  I'liiladclphia,  and  in- 
triHluciil  the  composition  rollrr.  Ho  w:us  also  the 
first  to  make  u.se  of  the  hydr.iulic  press  for  pressing 
jirintcd  slicrts,  and  w:us  generally  deeply  int<-rested 
in  all  met'lianieal  contrivances  tending  to  lessen  the 
necessity  of  employing  manual  lalwir.  When  nl>out 
twenty  years  of  age  Mr.  Ashmead  became  a  member 


of  the  Second  Presbyterian  Church,  subsequently 
joining  the  Fifth  I'resbMerian  Cliureh,  where  he 
was  respecte<l  :is  a  consistent  Christian.  He  w:is  al.so 
for  many  years  an  elder  in  the  Coates  Street  Church, 
and  afterwards  was  connected  mth  the  Greenhill 
Presbyterian  Church,  of  which  he  was  a  memlx-r 
until  the  day  of  his  death.  He  was  one  of  the  origi- 
nators of  the  movement  which  ri«ulted  in  the  form- 
ation of  the  American  Sunday-school  Union,  and 
evinced  his  zeal  in  Inhalf  of  his  fellow  citizens  by 
many  other  gootl  works.  Amongst  these  may  be 
mentioned  the  Aitxiliary  Evangelical  Society,  and 
the  Institute  for  the  Improvement  of  Apprentices, 
which,  in  connection  with  others,  he  established. 
Of  a  generous  disposition,  he  was  yet  scjmpulously 
exact  in  his  dealings.  He  died  March  1st,  1870,  leav- 
ing the  record  of  an  vipright,  useful  man. 

Ashmead,  Rev.  William,  w:us  born  in  Phila- 
delphia in  17iH.  He  graduated  at  the  University  of 
Penn-sylvania  in  l-^H,  and  studied  theology  with 
Dr.  James  P.  Wilson.  He  was  sittled  in  Lancaster, 
Pa.,  in  1820.  After  eight  years  of  labor  his  health 
gave  way,  and  he  sought  a  southern  climate,  but 
after  only  a  month's  pa.storate  in  Charleston,  S.  C, 
he  was  prostrated  by  bilious  fever,  and  died,  Decem- 
ber 2d,  1S29,  in  the  thirty-second  year  of  his  age. 

Mr.  A.shmcad  was  an  accomplished  scholar,  with  a 
fine  ta-ste  for  jioctrj-,  and  skilled  in  lingui.stic  and 
metaphysical  pursuits.  His  style  w.ts  remarkable  for 
beauty,  concinnity  and  a  felicitous  choice  of  epithets. 
He  left  a  ijuantity  of  MS.S.  behind  him,  and  at  the 
time  of  his  death  w;is  engagi'd  on  a  translation  of 
Saurin's  "Discourses."  His  only  published  writings 
were  a  sermon,  an  essay  on  pauperism,  and  a  posthu- 
mous volume  of  sermons. 

Assembly  General,  Deliverances  of: — 

TIII.ATKK    -VNI)    IiAXClXd. 

I      "On  the  fashionable,  though,  as  We  iK-lieve,  dan- 

I  gerous  aranscnients  of  theatrical  exhibitions  and 
dancing,  \yo  deem  it  nccessjiry  to  make  a  few  observa- 
tions. The  theatre  we  have  always  considered  as  a 
school  of  immorality.  If  any  person  wishes  for 
honest  conviction  on  this  subject,  let  him  attend  to 
the  character  of  that  mass  of  matter  which  is  giniT- 
ally  exhibited   on    the   stage.     We    believe   all  will 

I  agree  that  comedies,  at  le;ist,  with  a  few  excejition-s, 
are  of  such  a  dcstTiption  that  a  virtuous  and  nxnlest 
person  cannot  attend  the  repri'sentation  of  them 
without  the  most  p:iinful  ami  emlKirr.Lssing  siiisa- 
tions.     If,  indeed,  custom  has  familiarized  the  st-ene, 

'  and  these  jiainful  sen.s;ition8  are  no  longer  felt,  it  only 
proves  that  the  piTson  in  i|uestinn  has  lost  some  of 
the  1)est  siMisibilities  of  our  natun-,  that  the  .strongi'st 
lifeguard  of  virtue  his  Im-i'U  taken  down,  and 
that  the  moral  character  hiis  undergone  a  serious 
depreciation. 

I  "With  ri-spect  to  dancing,  we  tltink  it  neccs.sary  to 
observe  that,  however  plaiusilile  it  may  apjuar  to 
some,  it  is  perhaps  not  the  less  dangerous  on  account 


ASSEMBLY  GENERAL. 


ASSEMBLY  GENERAL. 


of  that  plausibility.  It  is  not  from  those  things 
which  the  world  acknowledges  to  be  most  wrong 
that  the  greatest  danger  is  to  be  apprehended  to 
religion,  especially  as  it  relates  to  the  young.  When 
the  practice  is  carried  to  its  highest  extremes,  all 
admit  the  consequences  to  be  fatal,  and  why  not, 
then,  apprehend  danger  even  from  its  incipient  stages? 
It  is  ccrtainl}-,  in  all  its  st:igcs,  a  f;iscinating  and  an 
infatuating  practice.  Let  it  oncts  be  introduced,  and 
it  is  difficult  to  give  it  limits.  It  steals  away  our 
precious  time,  dissipates  religious  impressions,  and 
hardens  the  heart.  To  guard  you,  beloved  brethren, 
against  its  wiles  and  its  fascinations,  we  earnestly 
recommend  that  you  will  consult  that  sobriety  which 
the  Siicred  pages  require.  We  also  trust  that  you 
will  attend,  with  the  meekness  and  docilitj'  becoming 
the  Christian  character,  to  the  admonitions  on  this 
subject  of  those  whom  you  have  chosen  to  wateh  for 
your  souls.  And  now,  beloved  brethren,  that  you 
maj'  be  guarded  from  the  dangers  we  have  pointed 
out,  and  from  all  other  dangers  which  beset  the  path 
of  life,  and  obstruct  our  common  salvation,  and  that 
the  great  Head  of  the  Church  may  have  you  in  His 
holy  keeping,  is  our  sincere  and  aflectionate  praj'cr. 
Amen."— Jr;««te,  181S,  p.  090. 

"  But  we  are  called  to  notice  evils  of  another  kind. 
In  some  of  the  Xorthern  and  Southern,  and  in  the 
greater  part  of  the  Middle  and  Western  sections  of 
our  Church  we  hear  complaints  of  the  prevalence 
of  lukewarmness,  and  a  great  want  of  evangelical 
zeal  among  the  professed  disciples  of  the  Lord  Jesus. 
The  '  spirit  of  slumber  '  seems  to  have  deadened  all 
their  energies,  and  they  are  resting  coutented'with 
the  forms  of  religion,  without  feeling  its  viviljnng 
power.  As  an  eflect  of  this,  they  are  found  conform- 
ing to  the  world,  in  its  Hishionable  amusements, 
frequenting  the  theatre  and  the  ball-room,  and 
yielding  to  the  spirit  of  strife,  whose  deadly  influence 
resists  the  impulses  of  the  Holy  Ghost,  and  is  calcu- 
lated to  banish  Him  forever  from  their  hearts.  Over 
such  we  mourn,  and  our  prayer  is  that  the  Spirit  of 
the  Lord  would  breathe  upon  them,  and  cause  them 
to  live  again.  'Awake!  O  north  wind,  and  come, 
thou  south,  and  blow  upon  these  parts  of  thy 
garden,  that  the  spices  thereof  may  flow  out.'  " — 
Minutes,  \S-2~,  p.   l.^G. 

"In  the  principal  cities  of  our  country  the  theatre, 
itnder  the  pretence  of  a  laudable  aim  to  cultivate  a 
taste  for  literature,  and  provide  a  recreation  calcu- 
lated to  improve  the  public  manners,  is  doing  much, 
not  only  to  blunt  the  delicate  sensibilities  of  the 
female  mind,  and  generate  a  dislike  to  all  .solid  im- 
provement and  wholesome  instruction,  1)ut  to  subvert 
the  foundations  of  virtue  and  religion,  and  feed  and 
cherish  every  descriiJtiou  of  immorality.  In  view 
of  the  rapid  increase  of  these  fashionable  schools  of 
iniquity,  and  the  increasing  ardor  with  which  the 
affections  of  the  young  are  enlisted  in  them,  Cliris- 
tian  parents  and  active  benefactors  of  society  should 


be  constrained,  by  every  consideration  of  interest, 
duty,  and  compa.ssion,  to  apply  their  strenuous  en- 
deavors to  the  counteraction  of  the  baneful  influences 
of  this  fascinating  source  of  vice  and  ruin.  As  an 
interesting  sign  of  the  present  time,  and  for  the 
encouragement  of  similar  measures,  the  Assembly 
here  notice  with  great  pleasure  the  refu.sal,  in  the 
Legislature  of  Slassachusetts,  to  incorporate  the 
proprietors  of  a  theatre  in  one  of  the  principal  towns 
of  the  State.  "—J/m«?r.%  182.S,  p.  256. 
DUELLING. 

"The  General  Assembly  having  taken  into  serious 
consideration  the  unhappy  prevalcuce  of  the  practice 
of  duelling  in  the  United  States,  and  being  anxiously 
desirous  to  contribute  what  may  be  in  their  power, 
consistently  with  their  character  and  situation,  to 
discountenance  and  abolish  this  practice — 

"  licsoliril,  unanimou.sly.  That  they  do,  in  the' most 
unequivocal  manner,  declare  their  utter  abhorrence  of 
the  practice  of  duelling,  and  of  all  measures  tending 
thereto,  as  origin.ating  from  the  malevolent  disposi- 
tions of  the  human  heart,  and  a  false  sense  of  honor ; 
as  a  remnant  of  Gothic  barbarism  ;  as  implying  a  pre- 
sumptuous and  highly  criminal  appeal  to  God  as  the 
Sovereign  Judge;  as  utterly  inconsistent  with  every 
just  principle  of  moral  conduct;  as  a  direct  violation 
of  the  Si.xth  Commandment,  and  destructive  of  the 
peace  and  happiness  of  families  ;  and  the  Assembly 
do  hereby  recommend  it  to  the  ministers  in  their 
connection  to  discountenance,  by  all  proper  means  in 
their  power,  this  scandalous  practice. 

' '  Rc.fohvd,  also.  That  it  be,  and  it  is  hereby  recom- 
mended to  all  the  ministers  under  the  c;ire  of  the 
Assembly,  that  they  scrupulously  refuse  to  attend  the 
funeral  of  any  person  who  shall  have  fallen  in  a  duel, 
and  that  they  admit  no  per.son  who  shall  have  fought 
a  duel,  given  or  accepted  a  challenge,  or  been  acces- 
sory thereto,  unto  the  distini/ulshing  privileges  of  the 
Church,  until  he  manifcit  a  just  sense  of  his  guilt,  and 
give  scUisfaetortj  evidence  of  his  repentance." — Minutes, 
1805,  p.  339. 

SPIRIT  OF  SPECULATIOX  .\XD  EXTR.iVAG.\XCE. 

"  The  General  Assembly,  viewing  with  deep  inter- 
est the  present  state  of  our  country,  and  more  espe- 
cially the  commercial  cmbarra-ssments  which  press 
upon  every  part  of  the  United  States,  and  the  spirit 
of  corrupt  and  mischievous  speculation,  which  is 
probably  to  be  regarded  as  both  a  cause  and  eflcet  of 
these  embarrassments,  feel  it  to  be  their  duty  to  take 
this  notice  of  this  unhappy  state  of  things,  and  to 
express  their  opinion  of  the  proper  remedy. 

"The  Assembly,  then,  are  persuaded  that  the 
evils  so  general  in  their  prevalence,  and  so  severe  in 
their  pressure,  primarily  on  the  commercial  and  manu- 
facturing portions  of  the  community,  but  in  a  con- 
siderable degree  upon  all,  owe  their  origin,  in  a  great 
measure,  to  that  spirit  of  cupidity,  of  adventurous 
and  unjustifiable  speculation,  of  extravagance  and 
luxury,  which  so  unhappily  prevail  in  our  country ; 


ASSEMBLY  OESERAL. 


3H 


A  SSE3IBL  Y  OEXERA  L. 


and  also,  in  no  small  degree,  to  the  want  of  that  kind 
of  education  which  is  ciilculatcd  to  j)rcp;ire  a  youth 
for  solid  usefulness  in  the  Church,  and  in  civil  society. 
The  Assembly,  therefore,  are  firmly  persuaded  that 
the  cflectiiiil  remedy  for  these  evils,  under  Go<l,  is  to 
be  found  only  in  a  recurrence  to  those  principles  and 
duties  of  our  holy  religion  which  are  not  less  con- 
ducive to  the  temporal  welfare  of  inen,  than  to  their 
eternal  hai)piness  ;  and  they  have  no  hope  that  gen- 
eral prosperity  can  bo  restored  to  our  country  until 
there  is  a  return  to  those  luibits  of  industry,  t<-mi>er- 
ance,  moderation,  economy,  and  general  virtue,  which 
our  common  Christianity  inculciites.  Under  these 
impressions  the  Assemhlj'  would  earnestly  exhort  the 
churches  under  their  care  to  take  into  due  considera- 
tion the  opinions  above  expressed,  to  cultivate  in 
themselves,  and  to  endeavor  to  promote  in  others, 
those  simple,  frugal,  and  regular  pursuits  which  can- 
not fail  to  exert  a  benign  influence  on  the  best  inter- 
ests of  society,  and  to  train  up  their  children  in  (hose 
principles  and  habits  which  will  prepare  them  at 
once  to  be  useful  members  of  the  Church  and  useful  j 
citizens.  They  would  especially  entreat  those  indi- 
viduals and  families  belonging  to  their  communion  ; 
whom  God  has  been  pleased  to  favor  with  temporal 
wealth,  to  consider  the  peculiar  importance  of  their  , 
setting  au  edifying  example,  .so  that  their  whole 
influence  may  be  employed  to  discourage  fashion- 
able vices  and  amusements,  and  to  promote  the  sim- 
plicity and  ])urity  of  Christian  ])ractice.  And  tlu' 
Assembly  would  also  earnestly  exhort  all  the  minis- 
ters in  their  communion  to  make  these  sentiments  a 
subject  of  frequent  and  serious  address  to  the  people 
of  their  respective  pastoral  charges,  and  to  endeavor, 
by  all  the  means  in  their  power,  to  impress  on  the 
minds  of  their  he.arers  the  all-imporfcint  truth,  that 
the  religion  of  Jesus  Christ,  in  its  vital  power  and 
practic;il  influence,  is  the  best  friend  of  civil  SfX'iety. 
as  well  ases,sentiul  to  the  eternal  well-being  of  man." 
— ilinutex,  1819,  p.  71."). 

TOT.\L   AltSTIXnN'CE. 

"Resolvfd,  That  they  (the  A.s.sembly)  cordially  ap- 
prove and  rejofco  in  the  formation  of  temperance  so- 
cieties, on  the  principle  of  entire  abstinence  from  the 
use  of  ardent  spirit.s,  as  expressing  dis;ipprobalion  of 
intemperance  in  the  strongest  and  most  ellicient  man- 
ner, and  making  the  most  available  resistance  to  this 
destructive  and  wide-spreading  evil. 

"Tliat  they  earnestly  recommen<l,  as  far  as  )>raeti- 
cable,  the  forming  of  temperance  societies  in  the  eon- 
greg-.itions  under  their  care,  and  that  all  the  members 
of  the  churches  adoj)!  tho  principle  of  entire  al>sti- 
nence  from  tho  use  of  anient  spirits. 

"Tliat,  ivs  friends  of  the  cause  of  temperance,  this 
As.sembly  rejoice  to  lend  tho  force  of  their  examjile 
to  tho  ciuse,  as  an  ecclesiastical  IxmIv,  by  an  en- 
tire abstinence  themselves  from  tho  use  of  ardent 
spirits."  (Unanimously  adopted). — JlinuUs,  182'J, 
pp.  375,  370. 


MANLTACTUBE  AXD  SALE  OF  ABDEXT  SPIRITS. 

"  RfxolrftI,  That  while  this  Assembly  would  by  n6 
means  encroach  ujnm  the  rights  of  private  judgment, 
it  cannot  but  express  its  very  deep  regn-t,  that  any 
memlKTS  of  the  Church  of  Christ  should  at  the  pres- 
ent day,  and  under  existing  circumstances,  feel  them-  . 
selves  at  liberty  to  manufacture,  vend,  or  use  ardent 
spirits;  and  thus,  as  far  as  their  influence  extends, 
counteract  the  eflbrts  now  making  for  the  i>romotion 
of  temper.ince. " — Minulca,  1(^30,  p.  "21. 

"  Rixoliiil,  That  the  traffic  in  ardent  spirits  to  be 
itsed  as  a  drink,  by  any  ])e<)))le,  is,  in  our  judgment, 
morally  wrong,  and  ought  to  be  viewed  as  such  by 
the  churches  of  Jesus  Christ  universally." — yfiniilm, 
ia34,  p.  31. 

"It  is  with  the  utmost  surprise  and  pain  tliat  we 
leani  from  the  reports  of  tw^o  or  three  Prcsbj-teriis, 
that  some  of  their  memlx-rs,  and  even  ruling  elders, 
still  manufacture  and  s»-ll  ardent  spirits.  The.se  things 
ought  not  so  to  be.  They  are  a  stumbling  block  to 
many,  and  have  a  manifest  tendency  to  bring  over- 
whelming calamities,  both  temjioral  and  spiritual, 
on  society  at  large.  Xo  church  can  shine  as  a  light 
in  the  world,  while  she  ojK'uly  s;inctionsand  sastains 
any  practices  which  are  so  evidentlj'  destructive  of 
the  best  interests  of  society. " — Jfinutes,  1837,  p.  510. 

FAMILY   KEI.IOION'    AN'D  THE  SABBATn   SCHOOL.- 

"Some  of  the  Presln-teries  which  tell  us  of  the 
flourishing  c(mdit!ou  of  their  Sabbath  Schcnds,  and 
many  others,  which  sjieak  not  so  favorably  on  the 
subject,  rei)ort  to  us  that  there  exists  among  their 
church  memlH-rs  an  alarming  delintiueiiey  in  the 
proper  instruction  of  the  young  at  the  domestic 
lie;icth,  under  parentil  oversight.  There  is,  we  are 
assured,  no  necessiiry  conflict  between  the  Sablxith 
School  and  the  family,  as  institutions  in  which  this 
cliuss  may  be  trained  in  the  knowledge  of  (nMl's 
Word.  TlK'y  may  be  made  and  ouglit  to  be  made 
mutual  helps,  one  to  (he  other.  Yet  it  is  not  to  be 
disguised  that  the  ertoct  of  the  privileges  offered  by 
the  Sabbath  School  may  1m',  in  some  c;ises,  to  relieve 
the  minds  of  piirents  from  (he  seii.se  of  the  personal 
responsibility  resting  uj>on  them.  Hence,  they  are 
led  to  coitsign  the  religious  instruction  of  their  chil- 
dren chielly,  if  not  wholly,  to  the  SabJxith-school 
(eachcr.  If  such  a  result  were  inevitable,  or  even 
gener.il,  then  .should  the  S;iblKith-!«-hool  institution  lie 
condemned  as  a  curse  to  the  Chnnh.  G<h1  hxs  laid 
up<m  jKircnts  the  eommand  to  bring  up  their  children 
'in  the  nurture  and  admonition  of  the  Lord.'  The 
obligation  is  recognized  iis  one  ])ersonal  to  (luniselves, 
in  tho  covenant  into  which  they  enter  w  hen  pre.s»-nt- 
ing  their  children  to  God  in  the  ordinance  of  Ixiptism. 
In  (his  nia(tcr  there  can  be  no  tr.in.sfer  of  resixm.si- 
bilitics,  no  sulistituto  in  the  di.seharge  of  duties. 
The  Sabbatb-silUMil  (eaehi-r  eiitinot  answer  for  the 
parent  in  (he  day  of  final  reckoning;  neither  should 
the  parent's  work  be  committed  to  his  hands  in  Ibis 
life.     Tho  iuslruclion  of  the  children  is  so  import- 


ASSEMBLV  GENERAL. 


39 


ASSEMBLY  GENERAL. 


ant  an  clement  of  all  domestic  religion,  that  when 
it  is  neglected  it  is  to  be  feared  that  family  worship 
and  other  kindred  duties  are  also  but  slightly  re- 
garded. As  on  various  occasions  heretofore,  we  would 
now  exhort  you,  brethren,  to  all  diligence  and  fidelity 
in  the  whole  duty  of  family  religion,  not  omitting 
th(^  regular  instruction  of  your  children  in  the  Word 
of  God  and  the  Catechisms  of  the  Church." — Minutes, 

1854,  p.  183. 

FASTIKG. 

"WHien  our  Lord  was  yet  Avith  ns,  he  said  that 
when  he  should  be  taken  away  his  disciples  should 
fast.  Pious  men  in  every  age  have  united  fasting 
with  prayer  in  times  of  distress,  even  if  speedy  deliv- 
erance was  hoped  for.  So  did  Daniel  (Dan.  ix.  3). 
So  did  Ezra,  and  all  the  Jews  at  the  river  Ahava, 
on  their  retiu-n  from  Baln'lon,  and  just  before  the 
great  revival  of  God's  work  among  them.  Like 
prayer,  fosting  has  been  a  part  of  every  system  of 
religion  known  among  men.  Some,  indeed,  even  in 
Christian  countries,  have  carried  it  to  the  length  of 
superstition,  and  have  thereby,  impaired  their  health. 
Others,  who  pretend  to  fast,  only  exchange  one 
kind  of  sumptuous  eating  for  another,  and  thus  mock 
God.  We  commend  not,  but  rather  reprove  all  such 
practices.  Yet  we  fear  that  some  among  us  seldom, 
if  ever,  fast  at  all.  "We  trust  this  matter  ^vill  be 
inquired  into,  and  if  there  has  been  a  departure  from 
divine  teachings,  there  will  be  a  speedy  return  to 
this  scriptural  duty.  The  nature  of  an  acceptable 
fast,  and  the  blessings  attending  it,  are  clearly  stated 
in  the  Scriptures,  and  especially  in  the  fifty-eighth 
chapter  of  Isaiah." — Pastoral  Letter,  Minut-.s,  1849,  p. 
424. 

ALMSGrV'IXG. 

"  'The  poor  j-ehave  always  with  you,  and  whenso- 
ever ye  will,  ye  may  do  them  good. '  If  they  need 
not  shelter  they  may  need  fuel,  or  food,  or  clothing, 
or  medicine.  If  they  have  all  these,  they  or  their 
chUdren  may  need  instruction,  warning,  or  encour- 
agement. If  there  be  no  jioor  near  you,  think  of 
those  who  are  perishing  elsewhere;  if  not  in  a  famine 
of  bread,  yet  in  a  famine  of  the  Word  of  God,  whether 
written  or  preached.  Help  them!  Be  both  liberal 
and  systematic  in  your  charities.  Remember  the 
words  of  the  Lord  Jesu.s,  how  He  said,  'It  is  more 
blessed  to  give  than  to  receive.'  It  was  when  the 
prayers  of  Cornelius  were  united  with  his  alms  that 
they  came  up  for  a  memorial  before  God.  Separate 
not  prayer  and  fasting  from  almsgiving.  God  has 
joined  them  together.  One  benefit  of  fasting  is,  that 
it  all'ords  or  increases  the  means  of  giving  to  those 
who  are  more  needy  than  ourselves.  Beware  of 
covetousncss.  Beware  of  the  spirit  of  hoarding. 
Many,  in  our  day,  think  thej'  do  well  if  they  give 
even  one-tenth  of  their  increase.  But  the  ancient 
Jewish  Church  gave  far  more  than  that.  The  Gospel 
s<<ttle3  nothing  as  to  the  proportion  to  be  given,  but 
it  says,  '  As  ye  abound  in  everything,  in  faith,  and 


utterance,  and  knowledge,  and  in  all  diligence,  and 
in  j'our  love  to  us,  see  that  ye  aljound  in  this 
grace  also.'  The  motives  to  it  are  of  the  highest 
kind.  Every  believer  must  feel  their  force.  '  Ye 
know  the  grace  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Clirist,  that  though 
he  was  rich,  yet  for  your  sakes  he  became  poor,  that 
ye,  through  his  poverty,  might  be  rich.'  Surely, 
with  superior  priWleges,  Christians  should  have  a 
higher  standard  of  liberality  thau  those  who  lived 
under  a  darker  dispensation.  Yet  even  to  the 
Jewish  Church  God  s;»id :  '  Bring  ye  all  the  tithes  into 
the  storehouse,  that  there  may  be  meat  in  mine 
house,  and  prove  me  now  herewith,  s;iith  the  Lord 
of  Hosts,  if  I  will  not  open  the  windows  of  Heaven, 
and  pour  you  out  a  bles.sing,  that  there  shall  not  be 
room  enough  to  receive  it.'  "  Pastora!  Letter,  Minutes, 
1849,  p.  424. 

S.VBB.VTFI    DESECE-OTION. 

"It  is,  indeed,  a  wide.spread,  deep-seated,  un- 
blushing evil.  It  enters  boldly  into  almost  every 
commercial  interest .  in  the  country,  and  embraces, 
directly  or  indirectlj',  in  its  broad  sweep  of  mischief, 
a  vast  multitude  of  indi\'idnalsand,  what  is  still  worse, 
an  alarming  proportion  of  these  olTendcrs  belong  to 
the  Church  of  the  li%ing  God.  Here  is  the  root  of 
the  evil.  The  Church  h;is  become  a  deliberate  jiar- 
takcr  in  this  sin.  In  this  way  h:is  her  warning  voice 
been  well  nigh  silenced,  her  redeeming  power  over 
the  community  paralyzed,  and  the  salutiiry  restraints 
of  a  consistent  e.xaraple  elTcctually  vacated.  Reforma- 
tion, then,  must  begin  at  the  House  of  God. 
****** 

"Scsolreil,  That  the  observance  of  the  Sabbath  is 
indispensable  to  the  preservation  of  civil  and  religious 
liberty,  and  furnishes  the  only  security  for  eminent 
and  abiding  prosperity,  cither  to  the  Church  or  the 
world. 

' '  Kesolred,  That  the  growing  desecration  of  the  Sab- 
bath in  our  country  must  be  speedily  arrested,  and 
the  habits  of  the  community  essentially  reformed,  or 
the  blessings  of  the  Sabbath,  ci\il,  social  and  religious, 
will  soon  be  irrecoverably  lost. 

"  Eesolved,  That  inasmuch  as  the  %vork  of  a  general 
reformation  belongs,  under  God,  to  the  Christian 
Church,  it  is  the  duty  of  the  Church  to  apply  the  cor- 
rections of  a  firm  and  efficient  discipline  to  all  known 
■(•iolations  of  the  Sahbath  on  the  part  of  her  members. 

Bcsolved,  That  inasmuch  as  miuisters  of  the  gospel 
mtist  act  a  con.spicuous  part  in  every  successful  effort 
to  do  away  the  sin  of  Sabbath-breaking,  it  is  their 
duty  to  observe,  both  in  their  preaching  and  their 
pnictice,  the  rule  of  entire  abstinence  from  all  profana- 
tion of  the  Lord's  day,  studiously  avoiding  even  the 
aippearance  of  evil. 

Pe.'<olved,  That  in  the  judgment  of  this  General 
Assembly,  the  ownei-s  of  stock  in  steamboats,  canals, 
railroads,  etc,  which  are  in  the  habit  of  violating  the 
Sabbath,  are  lending  their  property  and  their.influence 
to  one  of  the  most  widespread,  alarming  and  deplor- 


ASSEMBLY  GENERAL. 


40 


ASSEMBLY  GENERAL. 


able  systems  of  Sabbath  desecration  which  now 
grieves  the  hearts  of  tlie  pious,  and  disgraces  the 
Chureh  of  r.o<l."— J//ni(^.s  l^^^J'',  P-  2X1. 

Assembly  General,  Formation  of.  Tlie 
Pre-sbj-tcrlan  Clmrrh  in  tlio  rnitcd  States  is  to  he 
considered  as  the  offspring  of  the  Chureh  of  Scotland. 
Tlic  first  General  Assembly  of  the  Chureh  of  Scotland 
consisted  of  six  ministers  and  thirty-four  other  per- 
son.s,  spoutiincoasly  met,  and  constituting  at  once 
the  highest  judicatory  of  the  Church,  and  the  only 
one  above  the  paroi'hial  Presbytery.  Precisely  analo- 
gous was  the  origin  of  our  General  A.s.sembly.  The 
first  leaf  of  the  original  Minutes  bcLug  irrecoverably 
lost,  the  most  accurate  information  we  have  of  the 
time  and  circumstances  of  the  lirst  ecclesiastical  asso- 
ciation is,  that  it  w;is  "  when  the  Rev.  Jcdediab 
Andrews  was  ordained  pa.stor  to  the  Presbyterian 
congregation  of  Philadelphia."  The  ministers  who 
were  there  a.s.sembl(d  agreed  "to  a.ssociate  and  join 
with  one  another  stat<'dly,  for  tlie  exercise  of  church 
government  among  themselves,  being  first  agreed  as 
to  principles  of  faith  and  government."*  In  ITOI, 
the  congregation  which  Mr.  Andrews  served  removed 
from  the  warehon.se  of  the  old  "  Uurbadoes  Trading 
Company,"  on  the  northwest  corner  of  Chestnut  and 
Second  streets,  in  which  they  had  previously  assem- 
bled, to  their  first  house  of  worship,  a  frame  building 
on  the  south  side  of  Market  street,  between  Second 
and  Third  streets.  "The  space  occupied  by  the 
annual  minutes  in  the  manu.seript  record  book," 
says  Dr.  Samuel  J.  P>aird,  "  would  lead  to  the  conchi- 
sion  that  the  missing  leaf  would  carry  us  back  to  tlie 
same  year,  and  other  circumstances  concur  to  the 
conclusion  that  the  removal  of  tlie  congregation,  the 
ordination  of  Mr.  Andrews,  and  the  organiziition  of 
the  I'rcsbytery,  occurred  at  the  same  date."  Dr. 
William  M.  Englcs,  in  his  preliminary  sketch  of  the 
"  Records  of  the  Pre.s))ytcrian  Church,"  in  referring 
to  the  organiziition  of  the  Presbytery,  says:  "Judg- 
ing from  tlie  first  date  which  apjiears  on  the  first 
page  of  these  records,  it  must  liave  Ix'cn  about  the 
beginning  of  the  year  17(1").  This  Presbytery  con- 
.sistcd  of  seven  ministers,  viz  :  Francis  Makcmic, 
John  Hampton,  George  NcNish,  Samuel  Davis — all, 
from  the  In-.st  accounts,  emigrated  from  Irc'land,  and 
exerci.sing  their  mini.stry  on  tlie  ejustern  shore  of 
Maryland  ;  with  tlie  exception  of  Mr.  Davis,  who 
was  laboring  in  Dehiware.  Jolin  Wil.son,  al.so,  from 
Scotland,  settled  in  New  C;ustlc,  and  Jedcdiah 
Andrews,  from  New  England,  settled  in  PhiUidel- 
phia.  To  these  may  bo  added  John  Boyd,  who  was 
the  first  person  ordained  by  the  new  Prosbj-tery,  in 
170<>,  and  settled  in  Freehold,  New  Jersey."  It  is 
proper  to  state  that  somo  respectable  authorities 
place  in  this  li.st,  instead  of  the  name  of  Mr.   IJoyd, 

•  Thompion's  *'  Govaromont  of  tlio  Cliurch  of  Christ,"  p.  f>3.  Tlio 
Rpv.  John  Thcmp-ton,  ttip  nulhor,  p:im<'  fnim  In-lntnl.  n  licentiate,  In 
ITIi  ur  171.'t,  Mriit  fi  li-MiT  tu  t)K»  l*ri»*b.vtory  in  ITl.'i,  nnd  ciune 
uudorita  caru  in  ITIC— iViHu/«a  ITl.'i,  p.  4U,  and  1710,  p.  44. 


that  of  Nathanacl  Taylor,  who  was  settled  on  the 
Patuxent,  over  a  congregation  composed  to  a  consider- 
able extent  of  IiidejK'iideiits,  although  the  IkmIv  con- 
sisted, originally,  according  to  tradition,  of  a  colony 
of  two  hundred  from  Fifcshire. 

This  iHKly  ordinarily  a.ssumed  the  title  of  "  The 

^  Prcubi/lcry,''  never  that  of  "The  Presbytery  of  Phila- 

1  delphia."  It  asserted  to  itself,  and  was  recognized  as 
pos.sc.s.sing,  not  merely  the  functions  of  a  particular 
subordinate  Pre.sbj'tery,  from  which  Mr.  Thompson, 
in  the  place  above  cited,  carefully  distinguishes  it, 
but  the  powers  of  a  supreme  judicature,  in  the  cxer- 
ci.se  of  which  it  w;is  alike  unlimited  by  a  WTitten 
Constitution   and   uncontrolled   by  a  superior  (See 

j  Book  1,  i,  1).     Its  appropriate  title  is    The  General 

•  Pradiijtenj. 

The  General  Presbytery,  thus  constituted,  continued 
in  form  and  name  until  171G,  when  it  resolved  itself 
into  a  Synod,  and  divided  into  subordinate  meetings 
or  I'resbyterifcs.  The  resolution  making  this  division 
provided  for  four  Pre.sbj-terie.s — Philadelphia,  New 
Castle,  Snow  Hill,  and  Long  Island,  but  Snow  Hill 
w:is  never  organized.     The  Presbj-tery  of  Long  Island 

I  embraced  the  province  of  New  York.  Philadelphia 
Presbytery  covered  East  and  West  Jersey  and  so 
much  of  Pcnn.sylvania  as  lay  north  of  the  Great 
Valley.  All  the  other  churches  belonged  to  New- 
CLstJe  Presbytery;  the  project  of  forming  the  ministers 
on  the  peninsula  between  the  Delaware  and  the  Chesa- 
peake into  the  Presln-tery  of  Snow  Hill  ha\ing,  as 
h:isjust  been  stated,  failed.  The  General  Presbrtcrj', 
under  its  new  organization  of  Synod,  met  Scptcml)er 
17th,  1717.  Tlie  Rev.  Jede<liah  Andrews  was  its  first 
Moderator,  and  the  Kev.  Robert  Witherspoou  its  first 
clerk. 

The  nuinlier  of  ministers  in  the  organization  had 
increased  to  seventeen,  of  whom  thirteen,  with  six 
ruling  elders,  were  present  at  the  con.stitution  of  the 
body.  The  territory  occupied  by  them  extended 
along  the  Atlantic  slope  from  Long  Island  to  Vir- 
ginia. 

After  the  formation  of  the  Synod,  the  Chnreh  went 
on  increasing,  receiving  ndditioii.s,  not  only  by  emi- 
grant.s  from  Scotland  and  Ireland,  but  al.so  from  na- 
tives of  England  and  Wales,  who  came  to  the  middle 
colonies,  and  were  thrown  by  cinumstanecs  in  the 
neighlxirhooil  of  Presbyterian  ehurches ;  and  also 
from  natives,  or  their  desc-i'iidaiits,  of  Frauce,  Hol- 
land, Switzerland,  who  prefernd  the  Presbyterian 
form  of  worship  and  government.  To  tlu-se  may  lie 
added  a  number  from  New  England,  who  were  in- 
duced by  loi'al  considerations,  or  other  circumstances, 
to  connect  tliem.selves  with  the  Presbytori:in  Ixxly. 
.\s  the  result  of  this  accession  of  ministers  nnd  others, 
coming  from  .so  many  diflen-iit  countries,  nnd  having 
Im-cu  bred  up  in  so  many  various  habit.s,  the  harmony 
of  the  Chureh  was  greatly  tlimini.slud.  It  s<Km  Ih-- 
canie  apparent  that  entire  unity  of  .sentiment  did  not 
prevail  among  them   resi>eeting  the  examination  of 


ASSEMBLY  GENERAL. 


41 


ASSEMBLY  GENERAL. 


candidates  for  the  ministry  on  experimental  religion, 
and  also  respecting  strict  adherence  to  Presbj-terial 
order,  and  the  requisite  amount  of  learning  in  those 
who  sought  the  ministerial  office.  Frequent  conflicts 
on  these  subjects  occurred  in  difl'erent  Presbj-teries. 
Parties  were  formed.  Those  who  were  most  zealous 
for  strict  ortliodoxy,  for  adherence  to  Presbytcrial 
order,  and  for  a  learned  ministry,  were  called  the 
"old  side,"  while  those  who  laid  greater  stress  on 
vital  piety  than  any  other  qualifications,  and  who 
undervalued  ecclesiastical  order  and  learning,  were 
called  the  '  'new  side, "  or  '  'new  light. ' '  And  although, 
in  1729,  the  whole  body  adopted  the  Westminster 
Confession  of  Faith  and  Catechism  as  the  standards 
of  the  Church,  still  it  was  found  that  a  faithful  and 
uniform  adherence  to  these  standards  could  not  be  in 
all  cases  secured.  The  parties,  in  the  progress  of  col- 
lision, became  more  excited  and  ardent;  prejudices 
were  indulged,  misrepresentations  took  place,  and 
everything  threatened  the  approach  of  serious  aliena- 
tion, if  not  of  total  rupture.  A\liile  things  were  in 
this  st;ite  of  unhappy  excitement,  Mr.  AMiitefield,  in 
1739,  paid  his  second  visit  to  America.  The  extensive 
and  glorious  re-sival  of  religion  which  took  place 
under  his  ministry,  and  that  of  his  friends  and  coad- 
jutors, is  well  known.  Among  the  ministers  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church,  as  well  as  .those  of  New  Eng- 
land, this  revival  was  differently  viewed ;  the  "  old 
side"  men,  looking  too  much  at  some  censurable 
irregularities  which  mingled  themselves  inth  the 
genuine  work  of  God,  were  too  ready  to  pronounce 
the  whole  a  delusion;  while  the  "new  side"  men, 
'\vith  zeal  and  ;irdor,  declared  in  favor  of  the  ministry 
of  Whitefield  and  the  reWval.  This  brought  on  the 
crisis.  Undue  warmth  of  feeling  and  speech,  and 
improper  inferences,  were  admitted  on  both  sides. 
One  act  of  violence  led  to  another,  until,  at  length, 
in  1741,  the  SjTiod  was  rent  asunder,  and  the  Sjniod 
of  New  York,  composed  of  "new  side ' '  men,  was  set 
up  in  opposition  to  that  of  Philadeliihia,  which  re- 
tained the  original  name,  and  comprehended  all  the 
"old  side "  men  who  belonged  to  the  general  body. 
These  SjTiods  remained  in  a  state  of  separation  for 
seventeen  years.  At  length,  however,  a  plan  of  re- 
union was  agreed  upon.  Several  years  were  spent  in 
negotiation.  JIutual  concessions  were  made.  The 
articles  of  union,  in  detail,  were  happilj-  adjusted,  and 
the SjTiods  were  united,  under  the  titleof  the  "Sjiiod 
of  New  York  and  Philadelphia,"  in  the  year  1758. 

From  this  time,  the  Presbyterian  Church  went  on 
in  as  much  prosperity  as  could  consist  vnih  the  dis- 
turbed state  of  the  country,  until  after  the  Revolu- 
tionary "War,  when  it  was  j  udged  proper  to  enter  into 
some  new  arrangements.  Accordingly,  In  1785,  the 
Sj-nod  of  New  York  and  Philadelphia,  beg-an  to  take 
those  steps  for  re\Tsing  the  public  stmdards  of  the 
Cljurch  which  led  to  their  adoption  and  e.stiiblish- 
meut  on  the  present  plan.  A  large  and  respectable 
committee,  of  which  Dr.  Witherspoou  was  chairman. 


was  appointed  to  "take  into  consideration  the  Con- 
stitution of  the  Church  of  Scotland  and  other  Protest- 
ant Churches,"  and  to  form  a  complete  system  for 
the  organization  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  the 
United  States.  The  result  was,  that  on  the  28th  of 
May,  1788,  the  Synod  completed  the  revision  and 
arrangement  of  the  public  standards  of  the  Church, 
and  finallj'  adopted  them,  and  ordered  them  to  he 
j  printed  and  distributed  for  the  government  of  the 
I  several  judicatures.  Tliis  new  arrangement  consisted 
I  in  diriding  the  Old  Synod  into  four  Synods — namelj-. 
New  York  and  New  Jersey,  Philadelphia,  Virginia, 
and  the  Carolinas — and  constituting  over  these,  as  a 
bond  of  union,  a  General  A.ssembly  in  all  essential 
particulars  after  the  model  of  the  General  Assembly 
of  the  Church  of  Scotland.  The  Westminster  Con- 
fession of  Faith  was  adopted,  with  three  small  altera- 
I  tions.  The  Larger  and  Shorter  Catechisms  were 
adopted,  with  one  slight  amendment.  And  a  Form 
of  Government  and  discipline,  and  a  Directorj-  for 
public  worship,  drawn  chiefly  from  the  standards  of 
the  Church  of  Scotland,  with  such  alterations  as  the 
form  of  our  civil  government  and  the  state  of  the 
Church  in  this  country  were  thought  to  demand, 
completed  the  system. 

The  first  meeting  of  the  General  As.sembly  took 
place  on  the  21st  day  of  May,  1789.  The  Assembly 
met  in  the  Second  Presbyterian  Church,  in  the  city  of 
Philadelphia,  and  was  opened  with  a  sermon  by  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Juhn  Withcrspoon,  from  l.'it  Cor.,  iii,  7:  "So, 
then,  neither,  is  he  that  planteth  anj-thing,  neither  he 
that  watereth,  but  God  that  givcth  the  increase." 

The  foUo-n-ing  delegates  appeared  and  took  their 
seats: — 

Presbyiery  of  Suffolk. — Minister,  Mr.  Joshua  Hart. 

Presbytery  of  Dutches^  County. — Minister,  Sir.  Benja- 
min Judd. 

Presbytery  of  New  Yorl:. — Ministers,  Dr.  John 
Rodgers,  Dr.  Alexander  MeWhorter,  Mr.  Azel  Roe, 
and  Mr.  John  Close. 

Presbytery  of  New  Brunsirick. — Jlinisters,  Dr.  John 
Withcrspoon,  Dr.  Samuel  S.  Smith,  and  Mr.  James 
F.  Armstrong.  Elders,  Mr.  Nehemiah  Dunham  and 
Colonel  Baj'ard. 

Presbytery  of  Philadelphia. — Ministers,  Mr.  James 
Sproat,  Dr.  George  Duffield  and  Dr.  John  Ewing. 
Elders,  Mr.  Isaac  Snowden,  Jlr.  Ferguson  Mcllvaine 
and  Mr.  Elijah  Clark. 

Presbyiery  of  Neic  Castle. — 5Iinisters,  Dr.  Robert 
Smith,  Dr.  James  Latta  and  Sir.  Thomas  Read. 
Elders,  Mr.  Moses  Ir\\-in,  Mr.  Amos  Slaymaker  and 
Mr.  John  Crawford. 

Presbyiery  of  Leiees. — Minister,  Dr.  SlatthewWilson. 

Presbytery  of  Baltimore. — Minister,  Dr.  Patrick 
Allison. 

Presbytery  of  Carlisle. — Ministers,  Mr.  Robert 
Cooper,  Jlr.  Thomas  McPhcrrin  and  Jlr.  James 
Snodgrass.  Elders,  Jlr.  Samuel  Edie  and  Jlr.  James 
Dixon. 


ASSEMBLY  GEXERAL. 


A  TKIXSOS. 


Prrnbyliri)  of  Ki'dstonr. — Elder,  Hon.  John  Balrd. 

I'riiJiijUryof  Lijiiiijloii. — Minister,  Mr.  Masos  Hage. 

Priabytery  of  Huulh  Varolimi. — Minister,  Mr.  Tt-m- 
ploton. 

It  will  be  seen  that  there  were  twenty-two  minis- 
ters and  ten  elders.  Tlie  Rev.  Dr.  John  Kotlgers,  of 
New  York,  wa-s  cliosen  MiKlerator.  Tlie  minutes  of 
the  proceedin;rs  of  the  Assembly  will  l>e  found  in  a 
volume  publislied  by  the  Board  of  Publication, 
entitled  ''Jlinutes  of  the  General  Assembly,  ete.. 
from  IT-^S  to  ]t<20." 

In  a<ldition  to  variou.s  act.s  connected  with  the 
internal  policy  of  the  Church,  the  first  (jeneral 
Assembly  signalizid  itself  by.lwo  Important  measures. 
These  were,  first,  the  commencement  of  the  missionary 
work,  by  retiniring  collections  to  be  taken  up  to  a.ssist 
in  sendin;i;  ministers  to  the  frontiers  and  distitute 
(k'ttlements,  and,  .second,  measures  to  promote  the 
printing  and  circulation  of  the  Bible. 

The  following  t;ible  has  b.in  compiled,  by  Synods, 
for  the  purjHise  of  exhibiting  the  st;itistics  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church  at  the  organization  of  the  first 
General  jV.ssiinblj-  : — 


SYNOD  OF  NEW   YORK. 


Namet  of 
PretbgUria. 

No.  of 
lUiauUrt. 

SufTulk  

11 

6 

21 
lli 

Now  York 

Mow  Uniiuwick. 

6i 

OoHtjreijii-' Congretfii-       T'>(ttl 
lUtHK  Slip-   lioiiK  Va-  '  CoHi/rrija-     0>l?M- 
ptied.  cant,  tiOMS.  tioia. 


•J 
5 

ai 

IG 


£28 

■a 


£S2 


SYNOD   OP   rHlLADF.LnilA. 


PliUadL-lphia... 

New  Uulle 

Lewes 

llnltimoro 

CurlUk* 


67 


til 
H 

4 
ii 
IS 


£7D 


SYNOD  or  VIBOIKIA. 


IlaDover 

Lexington 

KiMlittuue 

TrHuvylvaDUi.. 


7 

13 

8 

•il 

10 

11 

16 

27 

8 

14 

17 

31 

6 

fi 

10 

16* 

3U 

4.1 

.'.1 

94 

£19 

l.'l 

2 


SYKOD  or  YIII  CABOUXAS. 

Omngo 

S<iutli  rarullna.... 
AbtDglOD 

10 
11 

4 

115 
4 

35 
••15 

la 

61  j 
43  1 
23  1 

£9 

23  1             M 

80 

110 

£9 

SllnUleni 177 

rnibnllonc'ra 11 

(VttiKn-Kiitioiu  Kiipplled  with  nilniiitvrB 215 

Vacant  ronKn*inition« „ 214 

Total  conicn'ieiitioiu  420 

Amount  ofcolU'Ctiolu  (ntiuuIMM) '. £170 

*  Ijitiuiatt'il.    In  1705  there  were  82  congrcgutioiu. 

The  number  of  communicants  is  not  given  in  the 
tnbli's.  The  first  statistics  williin  our  knowledge, 
which  take  notice  of  coiiimunicauts,  are  those  for  the 
year  ld07.      At  that  time    the   numlHr  of  miimtcrs 


was  about  three  hundred  and  fifty,  and  the  numtx^ 
of  communicants  alxjut  twenty  thou.sand.  It  is 
probable  tliat  the  numlxr  of  communicants  at  the 
org-anization  of  the  General  Assembly,  in  17>9,  was 
between  eight  tlxiusiind  anil  ten  th<>us;iiKl. 

Atkinson,  John  Mayo  Pleasants,  D.  D.,  was 
born  in  Mansfield,  Virginia,  January  10th,  IMT,  and 
graduated  at  Hampden  Sidney  College,  Virginia,  in 
\f<Xi,  and  at  Union  Theological  Seminary.  He  was 
stated  supjily  of  Kent  Street  Church,  Winchester, 
Virginia,  in  IKJX,  and  of  the  Church  at  Lelianon, 
Virginia,  in  IHlO-ll.  lie  was  onlained  an  evangel- 
Lst  by  the  Presbytery  of  ICast  Hanover,  June  5th, 
1841;  was  missionary  in  Te.\as,  1841-42;  stated  sup- 
ply at  Houston,  1843;  jKLstor  at  W;irrenton,  Virginia, 
1843-00;  i)astor  of  Bridge  Street  Church,  George- 
town, D.  C,  18.j0-j();  and  President  of  IlamjMU-n 
Sidney  College,  18.57.  Dr.  Atkinson's  ministry  w;i3 
successful  in  a  gratifying  degree,  and  in  all  the  rela- 
tions he  sust;iined  to  the  Church  he  consecrated  his 
gilts  with  great  earnestness  to  the  service  of  the 
Master.  His  later  years  were  full  of  useful  laliors, 
chiefly  at  the  head  of  the  College  which  he  served  so 
fiiithfully  and  wisely.  He  was  firm  in  liis  convic- 
tions, always  courteous  in  his  expressions  of  them,  a 
true  gentleman,  a  lover  of  the  Church  of  Go<l,  and 
an  earnest  preacher  of  the  gosjK'l  of  Jesus  Christ. 
He  was  one  of  the  foremost  ministers  of  the  South- 
ern Presbyterian  Church.     He  died  in  l'v"'3. 

Atkinson,  Rev.  Joseph.  Mayo,  wxs  born  in 
Mansfield,  Va.,  January  7th,  r-'iO.  He  went  first  to 
Hampden  Sidney  College  in  that  State,  atid  aller- 
wards  to  the  College  of  Xew  Jersey,  where  he  gradu- 
ated in  1841.  After  studying  thcologj-  at  Princeton 
Seminary,  he  Wiis  licensed  to  preach  the  gospel  by 
the  Presbytery  of  Winchester,  in  IsliS,  and  w;i.s  or- 
dained by  tlie  .s;ime  Presbytery,  April  2(lth,  1H^1.">. 
His  first  i>astorate  was  at  .Shci)lierdstowu  and  Smith- 
field,  Va. ,  which  he  resigned  in  1^4!),  anil  accepted 
the  pa.storate  of  the  Church  in  Frctlerick,  JId.,  which 
he  hchl  till  18.j5.  He  wtis  piistor  of  the  First  Church, 
Kaleigh,  X.  C,  1855-7.">;  teacher  in  Ivaleigh,  1875-7, 
and  iK-camc  pastor  of  the  Second  Church  in  tliat  city 
in  1877.  Jlr.  .\tkinson  is  a  gooii  preacher,  and  a 
writer  of  ability.  He  contributetl  to  the  I'rinitlon 
/f<riVir  (1852),  ".Moral  -Ivsthetics,"  "  National  Lit- 
erature the  Kxiwncnt  of  Naticmal  Chanicter;"  ^185;J), 
"Henry  Martyn;"  (18",),  "The  Turki.sh  letters." 

Atkinson,  William  Mayo,  D.D.,  the  son  of 
Robert  and  JIary  ^Mayol  Atkinson,  wjls  l)orn  at 
Powhatiin,  Va.,  April  22d,  1796.  He  gnuluati-d  at 
the  College  of  New  Jersey  in  1H14;  wjis  admitted  to 
the  Itir,  anil  J)racticed  his  profession  in  Petersburg 
until  1833.  He  w;is  licensed  to  preach  the  pwpel  by 
the  Y.:\st  Hanover  Presbytery,  June  17th,  KV.\,  and 
ordained  a-*  an  evangelist,  .\pril  2(jth,  18;M.  Shortly 
afb'r  his  liceii-sure,  he  tr.ivehd  extensively  in  Vir- 
ginia, as  agent  of  the  Virginia  Bible  SiM'iety,  and 
utter  a  year  or  two  his  field   was  enlarged  so  as  to 


ATWATEK. 


43 


AUBURN  CHURCH. 


include  several  other  of  the  Southern  States.  In  this 
agency  he  tv;is  remarkably  successful.  On  resigning 
it,  he  supplied  vacancies  for  a  few  years,  in  Chester- 
field county,  and  in  the  vicinitj'  of  Petersburg.  He 
was  installed  pa-stor  of  the  Presbrterian  Church  in 
AVinchestor,  in  February  1839.  In  the  Spring  of 
184G  he  resigned  this  cliarge,  and  accepted  an  Agency 
for  the  Board  of  Education  of  tlie  Prcsbrterian 
Church.  He  died  Fi-bruary  24tli,  1849,  in  all  the 
serenity  of  Christian  faith  and  hope,  passing  to  his 
reward.  Dr.  Atkinson  was  a  man  of  good  talents, 
and  possessed  an  unusual  degree  of  common  sense. 
His  piety  was  remarkably  humble,  cheerful  and 
gentle.  Above  most  he  was  unselfish.  He  did  not 
love  to  think  or  sjjeak  of  himself.  As  a  preacher, 
he  was  clear,  judicious,  instructive,  and  practical — 
always  animated,  never  overwhelming.  He  was  a 
very  useful  member  of  Cliurch  Courts,  always  study- 
ing the  things  which  make  for  peace,  as  well  as  those 
which  promote  truth  and  order.  He  possessed  pecu- 
liar qualifications  as  a  presitling  oiScer  in  delibera- 
tive assemblies. 

At^water,  Lyman  H.,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  was  born 
February  2:5d,  1813,  at  Cedar  Hill,  then  a  part  of  the 
town  of  Hamden,  since  incorporated  into  the  city  of 
New  Haven,  Conn.  He  was  descended  from  genuine 
Puritan  stock — his  parents  on  both  sides  ha\'ing  for 
their  ancestors  the  original  settlers  of  New  Haven, 
who  emigrated  from  England.  At  an  early  age  Pro- 
fessor Atwater  gave  signs  of  the  intellectual  ^igor 
evinced  in  his  later  j'ears.  He  began  the  study  of 
Latin  in  1825,  at  the  age  of  twelve,  entered  Yale  Col- 
lege in  1827,  and  was  graduated  in  1831,  at  the  age  of 
eighteen,  with  the  second  honor  in  a  cl.oss  of  eighty- 
one  members.  He  spent  the  year  following  his  gradu- 
ation, as  head  of  the  cla.«sical  department  of  Mount 
Hope  Institute,  Baltimore.  He  then  returned  to  New 
Haven  and  entered  the  Yale  Tlieological  Seminai-y, 
of  which  Dr.  Nathanael  W.  Taylor,  his  pastor  in 
infancy  and  boyhood,  was  the  distinguished  head. 
At  the  end  of  his  first  yciir  in  the  seminary  he  became 
tutor  of  mathematics  in  Yale  College,  in  wliich  office 
he  continued  for  nearly  two  years,  pursuing  mean- 
while his  studies  iu  theology.  He  was  licensed  to 
preach,  by  the  Association  of  New  Haven  West,  in 
Jlay,  1834,  and  in  the  Summer  of  1835  left  the  tutor- 
ship to  accept  a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  First 
Church  of  Fairfield,  Conn.,  one  of  the  oldest,  and  at 
that  time  one  of  the  most  prominent  in  that  State, 
over  which  he  was  installed  July  29th,  183.5,  at  the 
age  of  twenty-two.  In  this  responsible  charge  he 
continued  between  nineteen  and  twentj*  years. 

In  18(>1  he  was  appointed  to  the  Lectureship 
Extraordinarj-  in  the  Theological  Seminary  at  Prince- 
ton, N.  J.,  on  the  Connection  between  Revealed 
Kcligion  and  SIctaphysical  Science,  for  the  five  years 
for  which  it  was  established. 

'The  General  Assembly  (O.  S.),  in  1869,  made  him 
a  member  of  the  joint  committee  which  perfected  the 


basis  of  union  upon  which  the  Old  and  New  School 
branches  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  were  re-united. 
Dr.  Atwater  was  charged  by  the  Board  of  Trustees  with 
the  duties  of  administration  ad  interim  between  the 
retirement  of  Dr.  John  Slaclcau  IVom  the  Presidency 
of  the  College,  in  June,  1.8C8,  and  the  inauguration  of 
Dr.  SlcCosh,  toward  the  close  of  the  same  year.  On 
his  a.ssumption  of  office,  by  mutual  consent,  the  depart- 
ments of  Psychology  and  the  History  of  I'liilosophy 
were  tninsferrcd  from  Dr.  Atwater  to  Dr.  McCosh, 
while  the  department  of  Economies  and  Politics  was 
given  to  Dr.  Atwater.  Thus,  since  18G9  he  Wiis  Pro- 
fessor of  Logic,  Jletaphysics,  Ethics,  Economics  and 
Political  Science.  Dr.  Atwater  died  at  his  home,  iu 
Princeton,  Fcljruary  17, 1883.  Since  1876  he  had  been 
Vice-president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Princeton 
Theologicjil  Seminary.  For  many  years  he  was  an 
associate  editor  and  valuable  contributor  to  tlxe 
Princeton  Rcviao.  He  wrote  largely  fur  periodicals, 
and  was  the  author  of  a  "  Slanual  of  Elementary 
Logic,"  for  the  class-room. 

Auburn,  New  York,  First  Presbyterian 
Church.      This    church    has  existed    seventy-two 
years.     It  was  the  outgrowth  of  the  pastorate  of  the 
Rev.  David    Higgins  with  the  Church  of  Aurclius, 
already  of  .some  years'  standing,  and  which  included 
Auburn  within  its  bounds.     Here  also   its  founder 
resided  lor  the  larger  part  of  his  ministry,  with  the 
mother  church  located  more  centrally,  as  the  town 
was  then  constituted.     He  was  a  man  of  cultured 
gifts,  sound  and  distinctive  in  his  doctrinal  views, 
with  New  England   ideas  and  methods,  which  had 
j  much  to  do  in  determining,  at  its  critical  period,  the 
character  of  both  the  church  and  the  town.     As  the 
I  earliest  settled  minister  on  the  ground,  he  attracted 
!  to  his  support  the  best  elements  of  the  thriving  sct- 
I  tlement,    irrespective   of  religious  preferences,   and 
I  drew  around  him  the  men  of  enterprise  and  fore- 
sight who  believed  iu  the  church  and  the  school  as 
essential  to  the  best  type  of  morals  and  manners. 
Every  movement  for  the  spiritual  and  social  improve- 
ment of  the  place,  was  conceived  and  carried  out  in 
a  generous  way. 

Since  that  time,  the  church  has  had  four  pastorates. 
The  first,  that  of  the  Rev.  Hezekiah  N.  'Woodruff, 
which  continued  but  three  years,  synchronizes  the 
second  war  with  Great  Britain,  the  distracting  influ- 
ences of  which  were  alike  unfavorable  to  commerce, 
to  morals  and  religion.  The  membership  of  the 
church  made  .slow  increase,  llr.  "Woodruff,  who 
was  a  worthy  pastor,  and  an  excellent  preacher,  was 
a  man  of  cultured  habit,  of  positive  convictions,  and 
sincere  devotion  to  his  work.  In  consequence  of  a 
local  excitement,  in  which  he  became  involved,  and 
which  divided  the  village  and  threatened  the  peace 
of  the  church,  he  resigned  his  charge.  During  his 
brief  and  disturbed  ministry,  the  first  church  edifice, 
a  model  of  architectural  beauty,  and  for  half  a  cen- 
tury a  centre  of  spiritual  life  and  power,  was  begun 


AVBCHS  CHCRfH. 


44 


AIBL'RX  SEHISARY. 


and  completed.     It  marked  the  first  important  epoch 
in  the  hLstory  of  the  church. 

The  new  pastor,  Kev.  Dirck  C.  Lansing,  like  both 
his  predeccjisors,  was  a  graduate  from  the  foremost 
college  of  the  land,  but  unlike  them  was  neither  of 
Puritan  descent  nor  of  New  England  habit,  but  a 
scion  of  one  of  the  early  and  most  distinguished 
Dutch  familius  of  New  York.  Born  to  wealth  and 
ancestral  renown,  ardent  in  temj)erament,  and  elo- 
quent of  speech,  his  passion  Wiis  to  save  souls,  and 
to  this  end  he  Ix-nt  the  whole  cuerg.v  of  his  fervid 
ministry.  Kevival  followed  revival  in  rapid  succes- 
sion through  more  tlian  the  lirst  half  of  his  jKistorate, 
which  continued  twelve  years,  resulting  in  a  large 
increase  in  the  membership  and  lifting  the  church 
into  singular  prominence.  Its  more  jMTmaneut 
results  exist  to-day,  in  the  Theological  .S<-minary, 
established  during  its  third  year,  and  the  Second 
Presbj'terian  C'liurih,  founded  just  alter  its  close, 
leaving  the  congregation  diminisheil  in  numbers  but 
more  united  in  sentiment  as  to  niethiMls  of  adminis- 
tratiou. 

The  third  p.xstorate,  that  of  the  licv.  Josiah  Hop- 
kins, was  filled  by  a  man  who  had  not  passed  through 
the  training  of  the  schools,  but  had  sustained  his 
previous  ministry  with  great  acceptance  in  the  imme- 
diate vicinity  of  a  New  Knglaiid  college.  He  was  a 
close  reasoner,  a  plain,  stroug  preacher,  u  kind  pa-stor, 
a  single-hearted,  solid  mau.  At  the  very  outset,  hLs 
mini.stry  here  cauglit  the  spirit  of  the  great  revival 
■which  broke  simultaneously  over  the  whole  country, 
without  regard  to  measures  or  special  agencies,  and 
swept  the  churches  like  the  breath  from  the  four 
winds  which  the  prophet  invoked  ujion  the  slain  in 
the  valley  of  vision.  How  far  the  great  awakening 
gave  its  charaeterlstics  to  this  p:istorate,  need  not  be 
said,  but  it  was  followed  at  int<rvals  by  special  means 
to  quicken  religious  interest,  and  in  each  in.st;inee  it 
was  through  the  agency  of  evangelists,  an  order  of 
men  devoted  to  that  jjartieular  work. 

.\.  period  of  thirty-live  years,  or  the  first  half  of  the 
life  of  the  church,  had  elapsed,  and  the  fourth  pastor- 
ate, that  of  the  Rev.  Henry  .V.  Nelson,  opened  with 
new  and  imiH)rtant  changes — changi-s  which  came 
from  nc-eessity  rather  than  design.  There  wius  a  vari- 
ation from  nu'tliods  whieli  ha<l  lost  their  freshness, 
if  not  their  vitality,  and  it  became  the  order  to  seek 
church  growtli  less  from  six-cial  and  lem])<irary  effort 
tiKin  in  the  stea<ly  iLse  of  the  ap|Hiint<'d  and  accepted 
iastrunientalities ;  with  more  of  systent  in  jKistorul 
8Ui>ervision.  The  pa.stor,  unlike  the  men  who  liad  pre- 
ceded him,  entered  ujxin  this  pastoral  charge  without 
ministerial  experience,  anil  fresh  I'roni  his  ])reparal<>ry 
stu<iics  ;  and  for  that  re;ison,  it  may  1k',  w;us  the  liet- 
ter  fitted  to  meet  theeondilionsof  a  tninsition  siTvice. 
Transition  periods  are  not  without  their  p<-rils,  and 
religious  a.s.sociations  are  feniu'ious  of  their  hold  upon 
the  p-tst.  But  without  jar  or  disturlunce  the  old 
gave  place  to  the  new  ;  and  together  the  Church  and 


its  youthful  pastor  wrought,  with  earnest  devotion 
and  in  st<-a<ll';Lst  wal;  togi-ther  grew  in  grace  and  in 
strength,  until,  after  ten  years  of  mutual  fidelity  and 
loving  resp«>ct,  he  was  tnmsferrtfl.  at  the  call  of  the 
country,  scarcely  less  than  of  the  Church,  to  a  more 
responsible  pulpit,  and  to  meet  a  more  weighty  crisis, 
only  to  win  larger  succes.scs. 

The  Kev.  Cliarles  Hawley,  D.  n.,  snccee«led  Mr. 
Nel.son  in  this  jKistorate  at  .\uburn,  and  tlu-re  con- 
tinues to  this  day,  with  "eye  undimme<l  and  natural 
force  unabated,"  presenting  the  example  Wautifully 
set  forth  by  the  l"s;ilmist,  of  that  man  w  lio.s«>  "delight  ^ 
is  in  the  law  of  the  Lord,  meditating  therein  day  and 
night,  like  a  tree  with  unwithering  leaf,  planted  by 
the  rivers  of  water,  bringing  forth  his  fVuit  in  due 
sca-son."  For  twenty-si.x  years  he  has  faithfully 
lalwred  among  his  |ie<iple,  in  fullest  exercise  of  all 
the  abilities  and  grace  tx-stowed  upon  him,  minis- 
tering to  them  with  great  tenderness  and  love,  in  all 
ph:uses  of  their  church  and  home  life.  Soon  after  a 
very  interesting  celebration  of  the  twenty -til^h  anni- 
versary of  L)r.  Ha\vUy"s  jKLstorate,  November  'M\,  lfW2, 
the  Church  Session  adopted  a  minute  for  the  Sessional 
record,  recognizing  the  Providential  direction  of  their 
pastor  to  their  pul|)it,  uniting  with  him  in  devout 
thanksgiving  to  God,  for  the  preservation  of  his  life 
and  health,  and  for  the  measure  of  strength  given 
him  lor  the  arduous  duties  of  his  ministry,  also 
speeilying  the  erection  of  their  Ix-autiful  s;inetuary, 
the  enlarged  Ixnevolence  of  the  church,  the  main- 
tenance of  it.s  numbers,  notwitlustanding  the  org-.ini- 
I  zation  of  other  churches  of  the  same  denomination, 
and  the  prevailing  harmony  of  its  membership,  as 
'  honorable  features  of  the  long  ministry  of  their 
pa.stor. 

Auburn  Theological  Seminary.  In  Febru- 
ary, l-il^^^,  at  the  Mueting  of  till-  .-^ynod  of  Geneva,  the 
Kev.  William  Wisner,  long  pjistor  at  Ithaea,  N.  Y., 
movi'd  that  the  Synod  establish  a  seminary.  The 
,  Synod  divided  in  favor  of  the  project,  provided 
it  should  meet  the  approval  of  the  General  Assem- 
bly. In  May,  1818,  the  Assembly  exprcsse<l  itself 
I  as  "not  prep;ire«l  at  present  to  give  any  opinion  or 
I  a<lvice  on  the  subject,  believing  the  s;iid  Synod 
are  the  Ix'st  ju<lges  of  what  may  be  tlnir  duty  in 
this  imjMirtant  business."  In  the  following  .\ugust, 
.*>yn<Kl  held  a  special  meeting,  at  .\ubuni ;  the  atteiul- 
ance  w;vs  full,  and  President  Davi.s,  Dr.  Mc.Vulcy, 
and  Kev.  .John  Frost  wen- present,  from  the  neighlmr- 
ing  Synod  of  .\ll);iny.  At  the  meeting  in  February, 
the  prevailing  view  luid  been  in  favor  of  a  School 
which  should  provide  for  a  short  ctmrse  into  the 
ministry,  combining  theological  with  .icademical 
tniiniiig.  This  plan  w;>s  abandonol  at  the  nu-eting 
in  .Vugusf,  and  a  punOy  thi-ologicjil  s<-hool.  for  men 
who    had  graduated    from    college,    was   determined 

U|)011. 

Thirty-five  thousjind  dollars  and  a  site  for  building 
having   been   eoutribuu-d   in    Auburn    and   Cayujpi 


AUBUBN  SEMINARY. 


45 


A  UBVRX  SEMINARY. 


county,  the  Seminary  was  located  in  Auburn.  Ground  Professor  till  his  death,  in  1877,  and  was  succeeded 

was  broken  for  a  building  in  Xovember,   1S19.      A  by  Dr.  Ransom  Bcthune  ^\'clch  in  1876. 

charter  was  granted  April  14th,  1820.      The  romer-  In   1837  the  duties  of  the  Prolcs.sor   of  Biblical 

stone  was  laid  the  11th  of  Hay  following.     The  first  Criticism  were  divided,  by  the  erection  of  the  do- 

cl;is3  of  students,  eleven  in  number,  was  admitted  in  partment  of  the  Hebrew  Language  and  Literature, 

the  autumn  of  1821.     In  182.J  a  gift  of  fifteen  thou-  The  IJev.  James  Edward  Pierce  occupied  this  chair 


sand  dollars  from  Arthur  Tappau,  Esq.,  of  New 
York,  enabled  the  governing  boards  to  secure  the 
acceptance  of  Dr.  James  Richards  for  the  chair  of 
Theology,  thus  making  a  full  Faculty.  The  pre-\-ious 
Professors  were  Dr.  Henry  Mills,  Dr.  Matthew  La 
Kue  Pcrrine,  and  Dr.  Dirck  Cornelius  Lansing. 
Dr.  Lansing  served  without  salary,  and  resigned 
in  1826,  when  it  seemed  to  him  that  his  services 
in  the  chair  were  no  longer  absolutely  indispensable 
to  the  Seminary.  His  chair,  that  of  Homiletics, 
proved  diflicult  to  fill,  and  was  vacant  much  of 
the  time  for  the  next  thirty  years.  Dr.  Samuel 
Hanson     Cox  —--=.  _        —_-£ 

occupied  it 
from  1835  to 
1«57;  Dr.  Bax- 
ti'r  Dickinson 
from  1839  to 
1847 ;  Dr.  Jo- 
seph Fewsmith 
from  1848  to 
1851;  Dr.  Wil- 
liam Grenough 
Thayer  Shedd 
from  1852  to 
1854;  Dr.  Jona- 
than Bailey 
C  o  n  d  i  t  from 
1854  to  1873, 
being  Emeritus 
Professor  till 
his  death,  in 
1876;  Dr.  Her- 
riek  Johnson 
from  1874  to 
1380,    and    Dr. 


f-zr-3^^\vi^m^f^ 


from  its  establishment  until  his  death,  in  1870,  and 
in  1371  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  AVillis  JudsonBeechcr. 
The  original  Seminary  building  yet  stands.  As  the 
number  of  students  increased,  a  large  ■n-ing  was  added 
to  the  building,  to  the  west,  for  their  accommodation; 
but  this  was  taken  down  when  Morgan  Hall  was 
erected.  In  1870,  on  the  fiftieth  anniversary  of  the 
laj"ing  of  the  corner-stone  of  the  original  building, 
was  laid  the  corner-stone  of  a  new  library  building, 
built  of  stone,  and  finished  inside  in  ash,  the  joint 
gift  of  the  Hon.  William  E.  Dodge,  of  New  York, 
and  the  Hon.  Edwin  B.  Morgan,  of  Aurora.  In  1875 
^_  ;-^=^_---— -      -^  the  new  dormi- 

tory building, 
Jlorgan  Hall, 
was  completed, 
at  a  cost  of 
about  one  hun- 
dred thousand 
d  o  11  a  r  s ,  of 
which  sevent}'- 
five  thousand 
dollars  was  the 
gift  of  the  Hon. 
Edwin  B.  5Ior- 
gau,  for  whose 
son,  Alonzo 
Morgan,  the 
building  is 
named.  At  the 
laying  of  its 
corner-stone 
there  was  pres- 
ent the  Rev. 
■SVilliam  John- 
son,   who    had 


AIBIRV   THLOLO(.ICVL   SFMI\ART 

Anson  Judd  Upson  from  1880  to  the  present  time.       |  offered  the  prayer  on  the  occasion  of  the  breaking 

In  the  department  of  Biblical  Criticism,  Professor  i  of  the  ground  for  the  old  building,  fifty-five  years 

Mills  remained  until  1854,  when  he  was  succeeded  I  previously.     The  new  building  is  of  stone,  is  finished 


by  the  present  incumbent,  Dr.  Ezra  Abel  Hunting- 
ton. Dr.  Mills  was  Emeritus  Professor  till  his  death, 
in  1807. 

Professor  Perrine  remained  in  the  chair  of  CTiurch 
History  until  liis  decease,  in  1830.  His  successor  was 
Dr.  Luther  Halsey,  from  1837  to  1844.  The  present 
Professor,  Samuel  Miles  Hopkins,  took  the  chair  in 
1847. 

Professor  Perrine  g;ive  instru<'tion  in  theology 
until  the  coming  of  Professor  Richards.  The  latter 
died  in  1813.  Dr.  Laurens  Perseus  Hickok  was  were,  by  special  eftbrt,  added  to  the  endowment. 
Professor  of  Theology  from  1844  to  18.">2.  and  Dr.  Other  generous  gifts  have  since  been  received.  Large 
Clement  Long  from  18.52  to  1854.  Dr.  Edwin  Hall  as  the  endowment  is,  however,  it  is  mostly  devoted 
filled  this  chair  from  1855  to  1S76,  being  Emeritus  I  to  specific  purposes  designated  by  the  donors,  so  that 


in  ash,  is  216  feet  long  by  45  feet  wide,  h.as  five 
.stories,  and  will  accommodate  76  students,  each  with 
a  study  and  bed-room.  All  the  rooms  are  heated  by 
steam,  and  supplied  with  gas  and  city  water. 

The  early  financial  history  of  the  Seminary  was 
largely  a  history  of  struggles.  In  1854-5  the  Semi- 
nary was  ■\-irtually  closed,  in  part  for  pecuniary  rea- 
.sons.  With  the  reorganization  of  the  Faculty  which 
followed,  a  period  of  greater  prosperity  began.  .\t 
the  time  of  the  building  of  ISIorgan   Hall,  ?300.()00 


A  UB  URN  SE.VJXA  R 1 '. 


46 


A  YRES. 


the  managing  boards  are  in  great  need  of  funds  for 
ordinarj'  general  purposes. 

In  the  various  efforts  to  endow  the  Seminary, 
Sylvester  Willard,  M.n.,  of  Auburn,  for  nearly  forty 
years  secretary  of  the  board  of  trustees,  has  borne  an 
especially  important  part,  both  by  gills  and  by  per- 
sonal care  and  effort.  Beyond  tliis^  it  is  impossible 
to  name,  in  this  article,  even  the  more  prominent  of 
the  friends  who  have  made  the  Seminary  the  object 
of  their  interest  and  munificence. 

Auburn  is  one  of  the  oldest  of  the  seminaries. 
Since  its  foundation,  the  incre;u>e  in  the  number  of 
theological  schools  in  the  various  Protestant 
churches  has  kept  pace  with  that  of  the  churches 
them.selves.  With  two  or  three  exceptional  short 
periods  of  prosperity  or  decline,  the  attendance  of 
students  at  Auburn  has  maintained  a  pretty  even 
average,  ever  since  tlie  first  few  years  of  its  e.vistence. 
The  la.st  general  catalogue  was  published  in  1883. 
The  aggreg-ate  number  of  the  students,  including 
those  now  in  the  Seminary,  is  somewhat  more  than 
one  thousand  two  hundred  and  fifty.  It  would  be 
interesting,  in  the  ca.se  of  the.se  men  or  of  the  men 
from  any  other  seminary,  to  follow  them  to  their 
fields  of  labor,  to  trace  their  geographiciil  distribu- 
tion, and  especially  to  sketch  among  them  the 
remarkable  groups  of  men  who  have,  at  different 
times,  been  a.s,sociatod  in  particular  enterprises.  \ 
Auburn  has  had  such  groups  in  the  foreign  mission 
field,  in  the  pioneer  home  mission  field,  in  the  work 
of  founding  educational  and  other  institutions,  in  the 
work  of  college  and  theological  instruction,  in  litera- 
ture and  in  the  other  di'partments  of  the  work  of 
the  ministry.  ISut  our  limits  forl)id  any  attempt  to 
present  these  matters. 

In  its  management  and  teachings  .\uburn  Serai- 
nary  has  always  been  strictly  Presbyterian.  Origin- 
ally its  course  of  study,  its  vnatriculation  pledge,  the 
declarations  subscribed  to  by  its  Professors,  aiul  other 
like  matters,  were  closely  modeled  after  those  of 
Princeton  Seminary,  and  there  has  never  been  any 
change  in  the  direction  of  a  departure  from  the  Stand- 
ards of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  Tlie  ".\uburn 
Declaration"'  is  famous  among  the  landmarks  of 
American  Presbyterian  Orlliodoxy.  A  very  large 
majority  of  all  the  Auburn  .students  have  entered  the 
ministry  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.     But  a  large 


nnmlKT  have  also  been  Congregational  ministers,  and 
smaller  representations  are  to  be  found  in  the 
Reformed,  tlie  Episcopalian,  the  Jlelhodist,  the  Bap- 
tist and  other  churches. 

Axtell,  Henry,  D.  D.,  was  born  at  Mendham, 
New  Jersey,  June  9th,  1773.  J£e  took  his  collegiate 
course  at  Princeton,  where  he  w;is  gradmjted,  an 
excellent  scholar,  in  WM.  After  several  years  spent 
in  teaching  at  Morristown  and  Mendham,  and  as  the 
head  of  a  flourishing  school  in  Geneva,  New  York, 
he  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Presbytery  of 
Geneva,  November  l*t,  1810.  In  1812  he  was  in- 
stalled colleague  jiastor  with  the  Rev.  Sir.  Chapman, 
of  the  Church  at  Geneva,  and  continued  in  this 
relation  till  the  close  of  his  life.  His  ministry  was, 
on  the  whole,  decidedly  a  successful  one.  Besides 
being  permitted  to  witness  every  year  a  greater  or 
less  accession  to  his  church,  there  w<Te  two  extensive 
revivals  in  connection  with  his  labors,  one  in  1819, 
the  other  in  18i5,  each  of  which  resulted  in  an  ad- 
dition of  about  one  hundred  to  the  numljer  of 
communicants.  He  died,  in  the  utmost  peace,  Feb- 
ruary 11th,  1849.  The  Rev.  Samuel  H.  Cox,  n.'n., 
says  of  Dr.  A.\tell:  "  All  his  attainments  had*  an 
evangelico-utilitarian  character.  .  .  .  Politics,  doings 
in  Wall  street  and  romantic  stories,  were  no  part  of 
his  prciching.  His  mini.stry  was  richly  scriptural; 
it  spoke  its  own  ch.iracter  thus:  '  My  doctrine  in  nut 
miiir,  hut  His  trho  stnt  iiir. '  His  audience  retired 
thoughtful.  They  felt  the  Master,  rather  than  the 
man.  As  a  consequence,  they  were  Bible  reading,  and 
Bible  searching,  and  Bible  thinking  in  their  piety, 
and  if  there  Ik-  any  better  kind  of  Christians  than 
such,  let  him  who  can,  tell  us  where  to  find  them." 

Ajrres,  Rev.  Gnos,  seems  to  ha\e  iMtn  a  pupil 
of  Dr.  Bellamy.  He  graduated  at  Princeton  College 
in  1748,  and  his  name  stands  first  on  the  Catalogue 
of  the  Alumni  of  that  Institution.  He"  was  probably 
a  native  of  Elizabethtown,  X.  J.;  if  not,  he  was 
certiiinly  residing  there  before  he  entereil  college,  as 
his  correspondence  with  Dr.  Bi-llamy  shows.  Sir. 
AjTCS  was  ordained  by  the  Presbytery  of  New  York, 
al>out  K.-iO,  and  st'ttled  as  jKLstor  of  the  chun'hes 
at  Bethlehem  and  Blooming  t;rt)ve,  Orange  county, 
N.  Y.  In  a  few  years  he  relinquished  the  charge  at 
Bethlehem,  and  continued  the  piustor  of  Bhmming 
Grove  until  his  death,  which  occurred  in  17G.j. 


BABB. 


47 


BACKUS. 


B 


Babb,  Clement  Edwin,  D.  D.,  Tvas  born  at 
Pittston,  Pa.,  August  19th,  1>J1.  He  gi-aduated  at 
Diekiuson  College  in  1640,  and  studied  theology  at 
Union  and  Lane  Seminaries.  He  was  ordained  by 
the  Presbj'tery  of  Indianapolis,  "in  September,  1848. 
He  was  pastor  of  the  Second  Church,  Indianapolis, 
1848-53;  editor  of  Christidii  Ilrrald,  IS.IS-TO,  and  of 
tlie  united  paper  Htinid  and  Pn.tbi/tcr,  187()-3;  corres- 
l)i)nding  editor  of  the  same  paper,  1873-8;  editor  of 
the  Occident,  San  Francisco,  1876-81.  He  resides  at 
present  at  Sun  Josr,  California.  Dr.  Babb  has  been 
faithful  in  all  the  positions  he  has  occupied.  He  is  a 
forcible  preacher,  a  giaceful  and  vigorous  writer,  and 
has  exerted  a  large  influence  for  good  in  the  commu- 
nities in  wliich  his  lot  has  been  cast. 

Babbitt,  Rev.  Williani  Hampton,  son  of  'Wil- 
liam and  Elizabeth  E.  (Sutton)  Babbitt,  was  born  in 
ilendham,  New  Jersey,  June  5th,  18-35.  He  received 
his  ac^idemic  training  in  a  cla.ssical  school  of  celebrity 
in  his  native  place,  entered  the  College  of  New  Jersey, 
Princeton,  and  w;js  graduated,  one  of  the  first  in  his 
class,  in  1846.  He  spent  three  years  teaching  in  an 
academy  at  Flushing,  Long  Island,  and  subsequently 
entered  the  Princeton  Theological  Seminary,  graduat- 
ing in  1853.  He  was  two  years  tutor  in  Princeton 
College.  After  serving  as  a  licentiate  in  Ohio  and  in 
Deckertown,  New  Jersey,  he  was  ordained  as  an 
evangelist,  by  the  Prcsbj-tery  of  Rockaway,  in  1856. 
He  w;is  pastor  of  the  Prcsbj-terian  Church  of  Hoboken, 
New  Jersey,  18.57-07;  of  the  First  Presbj-teriau  Church 
of  Glendale,  Ohio,  1867-81;  and  has  been  supply  and 
pastor  of  the  Church  of  Tecumseh,  Mich. ,  from  188'2 
to  the  present  time. 

Mr.  Babbitt  is  a  fine  scholar,  a  chaste  and  polished 
writer,  a  sound  theologian,  a  faithful  p;istor,  witli 
gifts  for  the  pulpit  muoh  alxive  the  average.  Un- 
ostentatious in  manner,  wholly  devoted  to  his  sacred 
calling,  prudent  in  speech,  ^vise  in  coimscl,  with  the 
advant;iges  of  the  best  home  and  literary  culture,  he 
has  always  been  highly  esteemed  by  his  ministerial 
l>rethren,  and  loved  as  the  liiithful  pa.stor  of  the 
Hocks  over  whom  the  Holy  Ghost  has  made  him  over- 
seer. 

Backus,  John  Chester,  D.  D.,  was  born  in 
■\Vcthersfleld,  Conn.,  September  3d,  1810.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Yale  College  in  1830.  After  his  graduation 
he  studied  law.  His  theological  studies  were  pursued 
at  New  Haven,  Andover  and  Princeton  Seminaries. 
He  was  ordained  an  evangelist  by  the  Presbytery  of 
New  Bruns^vick,  in  December,  1835,  and  was  assistant 
secretary  of  the  Presbyterian  Board  of  Domestic  5Iis- 
sions  1835-6.    In  1836  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the 


First  Presbyterian  Cliurch,  Baltimore,  Md.,  retaining 
the  charge  untU  his  resignation  in  1875,  since  which 
time  he  has  been  Pastor  Emeritus. 

Dr.  Backus  is  a  gentleman  of  gieat  personal  culture, 
united  with  marked  dignity  of  character.  He  is  a 
forcible  preacher,  and  always  presents  the  truth  with 
an  earnest  spirit,  and  controlling  reference  to  its 
practical  bearings.  His  long  ministry  in  Baltimore 
has  been  eminently  blessed,  not  onlj'  in  the  pros- 
perity of  his  own  congregation,  but  in  the  inilueuce 
which  he  h;is  exerted  for  the  gro^rth  of  Presbj^terianism 
in  that  city,  where  his  exemplary  and  useful  life  has 


jonx  CHF.STEB  BACKUS,  D.D. 

secured  for  him  universal  esteem.  As  a  member  of 
several  of  the  boards  of  the  Chirrch  he  has  been  very 
useful,  by  his  sound  judgment  and  wise  counsels. 
He  has  been  a  Director  of  the  Theological  Seminary 
at  Princeton  since  1841,  and  has  ever  shown  a  deep 
interest  in  that  institution.  He  was  Moderator  of  the 
General  Assembly  at  its  meeting  in  Philadelphia  in 
1861,  and  presided  over  its  deliberations  ably  and 
acceptably. 

Backus,  J.  Trumbull,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  son  of  E. 
F.  Backus,  was  born  in  the  city  of  Albany,  N.  Y., 
January  27th,  1809.  He  was  prepared  for  college  at 
the  Albany  Academy,  and  graduated  at  Columbia  Col- 


BACK  i  a. 


48 


BADGEIl. 


lege,  New  York  city,  in  1827.  He  received  from  that 
iuiititution  the  degree  ol' A.M.,  in  1*30.  He  pursued 
his  theological  studies  at  I'rincetou  from  ls27  to 
1S30,  at  Andover  from  1830  to  1831,  and  at  Xew 
Haven  during  the  la.st  half  of  the  j-ear  1832.  He 
was  licen.scd  to  preach  the  gospel  by  the  I'resbyterj- 
of  Xew  York,  in  1830.  He  wa-s  ordained  and  installed 
pastor  of  the  I'irst  Tre-sbytcrian  Cliurch  of  Schenec- 
tady, N.  Y.,  by  the  Presbytery  of  AUxiny,  in  Decem- 
ber, 1832,  and  continued  in  thi.s  relation  until  1873, 
when  declining  health  required  the  resignation  of 
the  charge.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  of 
S.T.D.,  from  Union  College  in  1817.  He  has  been  a 
member  of  seven  General  Assemblies,  and  has  served 
the  Church  on  many  important  committees.  He  was 
one  of  the  Committee  that  prepared  the  Hymnal. 
He  wa.s  unanimously  elected  Moderator  of  the  first 
reunited  Assembly  of  1870.  In  the  discharge  of  his 
duties  in  this  high  office  he  gained  the  commendation 
of  all  his  brethren,  for  the  impartiality,  suavity  and 
dignity  with  which  he  presided  over  the  deliberations 
of  the  Assembly.  Dr.  Backus  still  resides  at  Sche- 
nectady, enjoying  the  respect  and  confidence  of  the 
community  in  which  he  lives,  as  well  as  the  regard 
of  the  entire  Church  for  the  advancement  of  whose 
interests  he  h;is  lal)ored  with  so  much  earnestness 
and  success. 

Backus,  Rev.  "Wilbur,  was  born  in  Richmond, 
Mass.,  November  9th,  1788,  and  graduated  at  the 
College  of  New  Jersey  in  1813,  and  at  I'rinceton 
Theological  Seminary  in  181G.  Immediately  after 
this,  having  been  licensed  to  preach  in  April  of  that 
year,  he,  in  company  with  Mr.  (afterwards  the  Rev. 
Dr.)  Gilbert,  .set  out  on  a  mission  through  Virginia, 
Ohio,  and  Illinois  Territory,  which  they  closi-d  in 
February,  1817.  On  his  return  he  preached  five 
month.s,  and  with  great  success,  to  the  rresbytcrian 
congregation  in  Dayton,  O.  After  leaving  Dayton, 
be  labored,  for  a  while,  under  the  direction  of  the 
Philadelphia  Missionary  Society,  and  afterwards 
supplied,  for  a  considerable  time.  Dr.  McDowell's 
pulpit,  at  Elizabethtown,  N.  J.  On  the  27th  of 
August,  1818,  be  was  installed  piustor  of  the  church 
in  Dayton,  and  died  on  the  2!lth  of  the  following 
September.  Mr.  Backus  possessed  a  .sound  and  well- 
balanced  minil,  w:us  an  caniest  Christian,  and  an 
instructive  and  :i(<iptal)le  ])rea<her. 

Badger,  Rev.  Joseph.  This  name  -will  long  be 
remembered  in  Cistern  Ohio.  He  whom  it  desig- 
nates was  the  great  mi.ssionary  of  the  Western 
lieserve,  and  one  of  the  pioneers  to  regions  further 
west.  He  was  ii  most  remarkable  man;  eminently  a 
man  for  the  times  in  which  be  lived. 

Joseph  lladger  w;is  born  in  Wilbrabam,  Miuw., 
February  2-'lh,  17.">7.  .\t  the  ago  of  eighteen  he 
entered  the  army,  and  continued  in  military  serviee 
several  years.  After  his  conversion,  he  entered  Yale 
College,  in  1781,  as  a  Freshman,  and  pursued  his 
Btudiea  under  great  peeuniarj'  emharnufflment.     Here 


he  constructed  a  planetarium  that  cost  him  three 
months'  labor,  and  for  which  the  college  authorities 
gave  him  an  order  on  the  steward  for  one  hundred 
dollars.     He  graduated  in  the  Fall  of  1783. 

The  next  year  Mr.  Badger  tiiught  school  and 
studied  theology  under  the  venerable  Rev.  Mark 
Leavenworth,  and  in  due  course  was  licensed  to 
preach  the  gospel,  by  the  New  Haven  Association. 
-Vfter  serving  several  churches  in  Connecticut,  untU 
OctolK-r  21th,  1800,  he  accepted  the  commission  of 
the  Connecticut  Missionary  Society  to  labor  as  a 
missionarj-  in  the  Western  Reserve  of  Ohio,  or  New 
Connecticut,  its  it  was  then  called.  He  started  for 
his  new  field  of  labor,  November  loth,  alone  and  on 
horseback.  As  the  roads,  towards  the  close  of  his 
journey,  were  mere  bridle-paths,  for  nearly  two 
hundred  miles  he  had  to  lead  his  horse.  He  was 
obliged  to  swim  the  Mahoning  River  in  Ohio,  but  at 
length  reiebed  Youngsto^vn,  and  fuund  a  hospitable 
reception  with  the  pastor.  Rev.  ^Villiam  ^Vick.  Here 
he  commenced  a  series  of  labors  leading  him  in  everj" 
direction  where  the  cabin  of  a  settler  w:ls  to  be 
■sought.  By  request  of  the  Presbytery  of  Ohio  he 
went,  in  company  with  Rev.  Thomas  Edgar  Hughes, 
as  far  as  Slaumce-  and  Detroit,  to  consider  the  pro- 
priety of  establishing  a  mission  among  the  Indians. 
On  his  journej'  homeward  he  suffered  great  h.irdships. 

Having  returned  to  Connecticut,  Mr.  Badger  made 
a  report  of  his  mi.ssion;irv  operations  to  the  Board, 
and  on  the  2;5d  of  Feburary,  1802,  started  -vvith  his 
family  to  the  'Western  Rcserie,  a  journey  of  four  or 
five  hundred  miles.  The  outfit  was  a  four-horse 
wagon,  in  which  were  stowed  his  wife  and  six  chil- 
dren, together  with  their  household  effects.  After 
much  exposure  and  trial  by  the  way,  he  reached 
.ViLstenburg,  Ohio,  at  the  expiration  of  two  nionth.s. 
Here  he  built  a  rude  cabin  of  logs,  without  a  floor, 
furniture,  or  evin  a  door,  or  cbinkiifg  Ix'twwn  the 
logs.  Leaving  his  family  to  plant  the  g-arden  and 
the  com-field,  he  s»>t  out  on  a  missionary  tour  that 
continued  three  mouths,  when  he  returned  home. 
These  missionary  tours  continued,  with  little  ces.s:»- 
tion,  until  April,  1803.  At  that  time  he  became  a 
member  of  the  Presbj-tery  of  Erie. 
I  In  1800  Mr.  Badger  accepted  a  commi.ssion  from 
the  Western  Missionary  Society,  located  at  Pitt.sburg, 
i  Pa.,  .IS  a  mi.ssionary  to  the  Indians  in  the  region  of 
.Sandusky,  f)hio,  for  about  lour  years.  Alter  n-sign- 
ingthis  commission,  in  1810,  he  n-moved  to  .V.shta- 
bula,  Ohio,  where,  and  in  the  neighlxiring  settle- 
1  mcnts,  he  prcache<l,  deriving  his  support  in  part 
from  the  people,  and  in  \xat  from  the  Mxssachu.sett.i 
Mis.sion.iry  Sixiety.  During  the  war  of  1812  he  w:us, 
after  solicitation  to  accept  the  positions,  appointed 
brig;i<le  ehai>lain  and  iM>stni:uster  of  the  army,  by  Cx'n- 
enil  Harrison,  and  ser\cd  in  this  capacity  until 
Spring.  He  continued  to  pn-ach  in  various  ])laei-s, 
without  any  regular  support,  until  182G.  .\t  that 
time  ho  was  placed  on  the  pension  roll  of  the  War 


BAILEY. 


49 


BAIUD. 


Department,  as  a  soldier  of  the  Eevolution.  He  was 
iiLstiilUd  jKistor  of  a  small  congregation  in  Gusta^Tis, 
Trumbull  County,  Ohio,  by  the  Presbytery  of  Grand 
Kiver,  in  October,  1826,  and  labored  there  with 
encouraging  success,  until  obliged,  by  declining  health, 
to  seek  a  release  from  his  charge,  June  SUth,  18:55. 
lie  died,  April  5th,  1S4G,  in  the  ninetieth  year  of  his 
age.  To  the  last  he  retamed  his  mental  powers,  and 
died  in  the  exercise  of  a  triumphant  faith  in  the 
Lord  Jesus  Christ. 

Bailey,  Francis  Gelson,  wiis  bom  in  County 
Down,  Ireland,  in  the  year  1797;  came  to  America 
when  about  eighteen  years  of  age,  and  settled  at 
rittsbiu-g,  I*a.,  where  he  engaged  in  mercixntile 
life,  and  througli  his  energy  and  enterprise  soon  won 
his  way  to  the  foremost  rank  among  the  business 
men  of  the  then  last  gi-owing  town.  In  the  commu- 
nity in  wliieli  he  lived  his  character  as  a  Christian 
shone  forth  with  peeuli;ir  lustre. 

A  child  of  the  Covenant,  trained  by  a  godly  father, 
whom  he  closely  resembled,  he  had  connected  him- 
self with  the  Church  at  an  early  age.  In  1819  he 
bicume  a  member  of  the  church  under  Dr.  McElroj'. 
In  1824  he  united  with  the  First  Pro.sbj'teriau  Cliurch, 
under  the  pastoral  c;ire  of  Dr.  Francis  llerron.  Hav- 
ii;g  removed  to  E;ist  Liberty,  in  1827,  he  devoted 
himself  ydih  energy  and  success  to  organizing  a 
Presbyterian  Church,  wliich  has  since  grown  into 
one  of  the  largest  and  most  prosperous  of  the  churches 
of  the  city  of  Pittsburg. 

In  1341  he  removed  again  to  the  heart  of  the  city, 
and  was  at  once  called  to  the  eldership  in  the  Fir.st 
Chiu-eh,  in  which  connection  he  continued  imtil  near 
the  close  of  Ms  active  and  useful  life. 

In  1842  he  was  made  a  Director  of  the  Western 
Tlieologieal  Seminar)-,  and  was  President  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees  from  their  organization  in  1844. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Urst  Board  of  Directors 
of  the  Western  Foreign  Missionary  Society,  organized 
by  the  Synod  of  Pittsburg  in  1831,  when,  in  the 
First  Church  of  Pittsburg  was  laid  the  foundation 
of  our  Board  of  Foreign  Missions. 

Mr.  Bailej-,  on  his  retirement  from  active  business, 
gave  himself  more  entirely  to  personal  work  in  the 
interests  of  the  Church,  in  which  he  continued  until, 
in  December,  18G8,  he  was  suddenly  transferred 
from  great  activity  to  the  passive  side  of  Christian 
life.  From  that  time  until  his  decease,  on  tlie  4th  of 
August,  1870,  more  than  a  j'ear  and  a  half,  he  glo- 
rified God  in  the  fires. 

In  the  duties  of  his  eldership  Jlr.  Bailey  found  a 
large  part  of  his  life  work.  His  natural  disi)osition 
was  cheerful  and  affectioiiate,  his  manner  kind  and 
•winning.  He  had  a  natural  politeness,  deei)ened 
by  Christian  .s\-mpathy  and  the  love  of  souls. 
lie  took  special  oversight  of  the  needy,  and  his 
cordi.-ility  in  welcoming  strangers,  his  happy  sym- 
pathy with  the  afSicted,  his  winning  manners  with 
the  chfldren — all  these  are  fragrant  memories  in 
4 


hundreds  of  families,  many  of  whom  rise  up  to  call 
him  blessed. 

Bain,  Rev.  John  Wallace,  was  born  April  1st, 
1833,  near  Hanover,  Indiana.  He  entered  Hanover 
College,  September,  1851,  and  graduated  at  West- 
minster College,  LawTcnce  county.  Pa.,  in  June, 
18.58.  Having  previously  studied  theology  privately 
one  year,  he  entered  the  Theological  Seminary 
at    Xenia,    Ohio,    in    September,     1858,     in    which 

,  hei  continued  until  JIarch,  18G0,  ha^•ing,  however, 
been  licensed  to  preach  in  April,  1859.  He  was 
ordained  and  Installed  pastor  of  Canonsburg  congre- 
gation (U.  P.  Church),  Washington  county,  Pa.,  in 
October,  18G1.  Ho  preached  at  Chicago,  HI.,  and 
Hamilton,  Ohio,  and  other  stations  in  the  U.  P. 
Church,  continuing  in  connection  with  that  Church  as 
a  minister  for  twenty  years.  In  April,  1882,  he  took 
charge  of  the  Alexander  Presbj-terian  Chiu-ch,  Phila- 
delphia, of  which  he  now  is  i)astor.  Mr.  Bain  is  of 
a  genial  spirit,  a  fluent,  earnest  and  impressive 
preacher,  and  a  faithful  pastor.  Whilst  carefully 
guarding  his  own  flock,  he  is  ready  to  avail  himself 
of  every  opportunity  for  doing  good,  and  is  ardently 
devoted  to  the  Master's  service. 

Baird,  Charles  "Washington,  D.  D.,  second 
son  of  the  Kev.  IIoIk  it  Baird,  I>.  D.,  was  born  in 
Princeton,  N.  J.,  August  28th,  1823.  He  was  gradu- 
ated at  the  Uruversity  of  the  City  of  New  York,  in 
1848,  and  at  the  Union  Theological  Seminary  in  the 

I  same  city,  in  1853.     F^om  1852  to  1854  he  was  Chap- 

!  lain  to  the  American  Embassy  in  Rome,  Italy.  Since 
18G1  he  has  been  pastor  of  the  Presbyterian  Church 
of  Eye,  Westchester  county,  N.  Y. 

In  1876  the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity 
was  conferred  upon  him  by  his  alma  mater.     Dr. 

,  Baird's  extensive  reading,  ripe  scholarship,  and  grace- 
ful rhetoric,  m.ake  him  an  instructive  and  attractive 
preacher.  A.side  from  his  pulpit  labors  he  has  ac- 
complished much  valuable  literary  work,  as  the  fol- 
lo\vlng  list  of  his  publications  will  show :  "  Eutaxia, 
or  the  Presbj-terian  Liturgies,"  1855.  A  revised 
edition,  under  the  title  "A  Chapter  on  Liturgies," 
was  published  in  London,  in  185o,  by  the  Re  v.  Thom;is 
Binney.  "  A  Book  of  Public  Prayer, ' '  compiled  from 
the  Authorized  Formularies  of  the  Presbii-teriau 
Church,  as  prepared  by  Cah-in,  Knox,  Bucer  and 
others,  1857.  Dr.  Charles  W.  Shields,  in  "Liturgia 
Expurgata"  (p.  22,  note),  refers  to  these  books  as 
"the  two  learned  and  valuable  works  of  the  Rev. 
Cliarles  AV.  Baird,  to  whom  belongs  the  credit  of  a 
first  investigator  and  collector  of  the  Presbrtcrian 
Liturgies."  "Chronicles  of  a  Border  Town;  the  His- 
tory of  Rye,  X.  Y.,  16G0-1S70,"  1871.  "History  of 
Bedford  Church,  Xew  York, "  1382.  Sevend  minor 
publications  might  be  a<ldcd  to  this  list.  Dr.  Baird 
has  also  published  translations  of  "  JIalan  on  Roman- 
ism," and  of  Merle  d'Aubigne's  "Discourses  and 
Essays."  He  has  now  in  preparation  "A  History 
of  the  Huguenot  Emigration  to  Americ;i. " 


BAIBD. 


50 


BAIBD. 


Baird,  Henry  Martyn,  D.  D.,  Ph.  D.,  son  of  niLssionarj'  work,  us  Gfneral  Agent  of  the  Xfw  Jtr- 
Dr.  liolurt  Uainl,  was  Ixirn  in  l'liila<kli>hia,  January  sey  Missionary  Society,  and  iu  tliis  capaeity  did 
7th,  1832.  After  graduating  from  tlie  University  of  effective  service.  In  1829  he  accejjttd  the  oflice  of 
the  City  of  New  York,  in  June,  18o0,  he  spent  the  General  Agent  of  the  American  Sunday  School  Union, 
years  ia)l-3  in  Greece  and  Italy,  in  the  former  '  which  he  filled  with  great  acceptance  for  sis  yc:irs. 
country  studying  iu  the  University  of  Athens.  On  In  IcJ-'Jo  he  entered  uiwn  a  sphere  of  lalK»r  which  oceu- 
his  return  to  tliis  country,  he  studied  theology  in  the  pied  all  the  energies  of  the  renuiiuing  years  of  hLs 
Union  and  Princeton  Thcologic;iI  Seminaries,  gradu-  life  ;  the  promotion  of  the  interests  of  evangelical 
ating  at  the  latter  in  l.-T)!;.  From  18.J5  to  18o9  he  religion  in  the  varioius  countries  of  Continental 
was  Tutor  of  Greek  in  the  College  of  New  Jersey.  Eiiroi«- ;  a  course  of  philanthropic  lalxtr  which  it  luis 
In  1*>!)  he  w;w  elected  Profc.-«or  of  the  Greek  Lau-  been  j ustly  s;iid  has  not  Ktu  excelled  in  its  aims  aud 
guage  and  Literature,  iu  the  University  of  New  York,  ascfulne.ss  by  that  of  any  man  of  our  times.  He  died 
He  was  ordaiued  to  the  go.spel  ministry  in  April,  i  March  loth,  1863. 

1866.  In  1873  he  was  chosen  Cortespondiug  Sccretarj- 1  Dr.  Baird  was  the  author  of  a  number  of  valnable 
of  the  American  and  Foreign  Christian  Union.  work.s,  some  of  which  have  obt;iined  ar  very  wide 
Besides  a  number  of  articles  in  the  periodic;il  pre.s.s —  circulation,  Imth  in  this  country  aud  in  EuroiK-.  He 
the  New  Englandrr,  MrdiodiM  Quarterly,  etc. — Dr.  w:is  highly  cultivated  and  dignified  in  manner.-  In 
Baird  is  the  author  of  "Modern  Greece;  A  Narrative    the  sphere  iu  which   he   moved  he  always  showed 


of  a  Residence  and  Travels  in  that  Country,"  etc., 
and  of  "The  Life  of  Rev.  Robert  Baird,  D.  D." 


RonCKT    nAUtl',    D.t). 


Baird,   Robert,  D.D.,   w:i8  bora  October  0th, 


him.self  posse.ssed  of  a  cle;ir  dLscernmeut  of  the  char- 
acter aud  motives  of  men,  and  of  a  cilm  and  solid 
judgment,  whose  decisions  rarely  had  to  be  reversed. 
He  w:is  eminently  cliaracterized  by  gentleness  and 
lovelini'ss  of  temiier,  by  industry  and  perseverance, 
and  by  large-lie;irted  c:itholicism.  Though  a  decidetl 
Presbyterian,  his  Presbytcriauism  w:is,  to  a  great 
extent,  merged  in  the  common  Christianity.  He  was 
greatly  In-loved,  and  extensively  iLsi-ful.  To  him,  to 
live  was  Christ,  and  to  die  was  gain. 

Baird,  Samuel  John,  D.D.,  is  the  sou  of  the 
Rev.  Thoniiis  Dickson  Baird,  and  was  Ixjrn  at  Newark, 
Ohio,  in  Septemlxr,  1817.  In  1839  he  took  charge 
of  a  8ch(M)l  near  Ablxjville,  S.  C,  and  suUscquently 
opened  a  Female  Seminary  at  Jeffersonville,  La.  He 
studied  theologj'  in  the  seniiimry  at  New  Alliiiny, 
Ind.,  and  fini.shed  his  literary  training,  which  ha<l 
been  interrupted  by  feeble  he;dth  at  Jefferson  Col- 
lege some  years  before,  at  Centre  College,  in  \-<\'i. 
Alter  being  licenst'd  to  preach,  lib  devoted  three 
years  to  the  missiomiry  work  in  the  Presbytery  of 
Baltimore,  iu  Kentucky,  and  in  the  southwc-st.  For 
three  years  he  was  jiastor  at  Slu.scatine,  Iowa,  then 
pastor  at  Wo<iilbury,  N.  J.,  until  18Uo.  After  re- 
Bigning  this  charge,  under  a  joint  eommission  from 
the  American  Bible  StK-iety  and  the  Virginia 
Bible  Society,  he  lalMired  as  their  agent  in 
Virginia.  He  now  rt'-side.s,  W.  C.,  at  Covington, 
Ky.  Dr.  Baird  is  a  gi-ntlenuiu  of  decided  ability. 
He  is  the  author  of  "  The  Assembly's  Digest,"  and  n 


179-t,  in  the  neighlMirhiMHl  of  Uniontown,  Fayette  |  numb<'r  of  well-written  volumes,  In-side  several  arti- 
couut y.  Pa. ;  graduated  at  Ji-fferson  College,  with  high  <'les  contributed  t<i  the  Jhiiirilli;  .Soulhtrn,  and  Printt-- 
hiuior,   in   18IH,  and    stuilied  theolog\-  at    Priueetrm    '<"'  JlnirirH. 

Seminary.  During  the  third  year  of  his  tlieologieal  |  Baird,  Rev.  Thomas  Dickson,  the. mui  of  John 
course  he  was  Tutor  iu  Na.s.siiu  Hall.  In  IX'i-i  he  took  and  KliuilN'tli  ^l)ieksonl  ISaird,  wjis  Ixirn  near  (iuil- 
<'Iiarge  of  till' .Viatli'niy  which  hail  just  In-en  e.stab-  iVird,  County  of  Diwn,  In-land,  Deci-mber 'Jiith,  1773. 
lislu'd  at  Priiiietou,  and  retained  bis  eonnei-lion  with  He  was  a  student  of  the  whinil  at  WiUiiigtoii,  S.  C, 
it  between  live  and  six  years.  He  was  licen.sed  to  of  which  Dr.  M<)s<'s  Waddel  was  the  Prineii>al,  anil 
preach  the  gospel  by  the  Prcsbvt4-ry  of  N.ew  Briuis-  for  a  time  Tutor  in  the  institution.  He  was  licen.sed 
wick,  in  l-'-J-i,  and  ordained  by  the  Siuno  Ixxly  in  to  preach  the  giis|H'I  by  the  Presbytery  of  South 
ItSi",  as  an  Evangelist.      For  a  time   he  eiig.iged   in    Carolina,  .Vpril  f^tli,  HP2,  and  win  in.st.ille«l  i>astorof 


BAKEB. 


51 


BAKEB. 


the  Broadway  conf?rcgation,  at  the  village  of  Varennes, 
in  what  was  then  the  rt-iulleton  district,  in  Jlay,  1813.  I 
In  connection  with  the  duties  of  the  ministrj-  here, 
which  he  performed  much  to  the  satisfaction  of  the 
pcoiilc,  he  conducted  a  large  and  popular  classical 
.scliool.  In  1815  he  became  pastor  of  the  church  in 
Xewark,  Oliio,  and  continued  to  lahor  there,  as  Ixith 
minister  and  teacher,  for  five  years.  In  1820  he  took 
charge  of  the  church  in  Lebanon,  Allegheny  county. 
Pa.,  and  continued  to  be  a  lal>orious  and  succe.s.sful 
p.istiir  until  disiibled,  by  laryngitis,  for  stated  prcach- 

iug-  I 

Sir.  Baird  had  an  important  agency  in  originating 
and  su.staining  those  measures  wliich  resulted  in  the 
est;iblishnient  of  the  Western  Foreign  Missionary 
Society,  whose  missions,  being  transferred  to  the 
General  Assembly,  constituted  the  basis  of  the  opera-  | 
tions  of  its  present  Board.  In  1S31  he  took  the 
editorial  charge  of  the  Piltshurg  Christian  Hrrahl 
(now  the  rnshi/tn-iitn  Baniur),  and  conducti'd  the 
paper  with  acknowledged  ability.  He  died  January 
7th,  1839.  Mr.  Baird  was  a  man  of  respectable 
talents  and  attainments,  and  of  consistent  ministerial 
and  Christian  deportment.  He  was  remarkable  for 
his  candor  and  honesty  of  character.  In  the  judica- 
tories of  the  Church  he  was  always  listened  to  with 
respect.  In  his  Christian  character  there  was  nothing 
titful  or  sparkling.  But,  under  the  influence  of 
Christian  princijile,  he  steadily  and  perseveriugly 
sought  to  do  good  and  promote  the  glorj'  of  God. 

Baker,  Daniel,  D.  D.,  -was  born  at  Midway, 
Liberty  county,  Georgia,  August  17th,  1791.  He 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1815;  studied 
theology  with  Rev.  'NVilliani  Hill,  of  AViuchester,  ' 
Virginia,  and  was  licensed  to  preach  the  gospel  by 
AVinchester  Presbytery,  in  the  Autumn  of  1816. 
The  second  Sabbath  after  his  licensure  he  preached 
at  Alexandria,  holding  services  on  Friday  night, 
Saturday  night  and  three  times  on  the  Sabbath, 
when  awakening  influences  went  abroad  in  a  most 
remarkable  maimer.  He  was  settled  over  the  church 
at  Harrisonburg,  VLrgiuia,  where,  to  increase  his 
small  salary,  he  also  taught  a  private  school.  He 
subsequently  took  charge  of  the  Second  Presbi,-terian 
Church  of  AVashiugtou  City,  where  his  inadecpiate 
support  was  supplemented  by  an  income  from  a 
clerkship  in  the  Land  Office.  liesigning  his  church 
in  AV;ishington,  he  became  pastor  of  a  church  in 
Savannah,  where  he  remained  until  1831,  when  he 
began  his  career  aa  an  evangelist. 

In  connection  with  Dr.  Baker's  labors  at  Beaufort, 
S.  C,  there  was  an  extensive  and  powerful  revival  of  [ 
religion.  While  pastor  of  the  Presbyterian  Church 
in  Frankfort,  Ky.,  he  officiated  for  a  considerable 
length  of  time  as  chaplain  in  the  Penitentiary,  where 
his  labors  were  bles.sed  to  the  awakening  of  many, 
and  even  to  the  hopeful  conversion  of  some  twelve  or 
foul-teen.  He  labored  for  a  time,  with  great  earnest- 
ness and  success,  at  Cialvestou,  Texas.     He  also  did  a 


great  work  on  the  frontier.  In  arriving,  toward  night, 
at  a  village  in  which  there  was  no  Presl)yteriau 
Church,  and  in  which  he  had  no  ac(iuaintance,  he 
would  obtain  the  use  of  whatever  public  building 
Wiis  in  the  place,  and  hire  some  one  to  go  around 
with  the  information  that  there  would  be  preaching 
there  that  night.  He  subsecjuently  became  president 
of  Austin  College,  and  resided  in  Hunts^ille,  where 
this  institution  is  located.  The  close  of  his  useful 
c;ireer  was  one  of  triumph.  He  lifted  his  eyes  to 
heaven,  and  exclaimed,  in  the  serene  exercise  of  a 
perfect  fiiith,  "Lord  Jesus,  into  Thy  hands  I  com- 
mend my  spirit !"  As  these  words  passed  his  lips  he 
closed  his  eyes  on  earth,  to  open  them  forever  on  the 
face  of  ^at  Saviour  whom,  not  having  seen,  he  so 
loved. 

Dr.  Baker  had  what  are  called  "peculiarities;" 
but  he  was  one  of  the  most  devoted  and  successful 
evangelists  the  country,  if  not  the  world,  has  ever 
seen.  His  motto  was  "This  one  thing  I  do."  The 
number  of  those  hopefully  converted  under  his 
preaching,  he  suppo.sed  to  be  about  2500.  His 
' '  Revival  Semions ' '  were .  reprinted  in  1875,  in 
England,  at  the  suggestion  of  Mr.  Moody,  as  the 
best  of  the  kind  for  general  distribution  among  the 
people.  Thus  "  being  dead,  he  J'et  speaketh,"  and 
the  truths  he  preached  while  living  are  still  the 
means,  in  God's  hamls,  of  the  conversion  of  souls. 

Baker,  George  Davidson,  D.D.,  was  born  at 
Watertown,  X.  Y.,  Novemlier  oUth,  1840,  from  which 
place  his  parents  removed  to  New  York  city  in  1845. 
He  graduatetl"  from  the  University  of  the  City  of  Xew 
York  in  18G0,  and  from  Princeton  Theological  Semi- 
nary in  1863.  From  1863  to  1864  he  supplied  the 
Brainerd  Church  at  Easton,  Pa.,  and  the  Seventh 
Presb}i;erian  Church  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  Hewiui  or- 
dained and  installed  as  pastor  of  the  Second  Presby- 
terian Church  at  Watertown,  X.  Y.,  in  June,  1864. 
In  October,  1867,  he  was  called  to  the  Prcsbj'terian 
Church  of  Oneida,  X.  Y.,  and  there  installed  in 
Xovember  of  that  year.  In  June,  1871,  he  was 
called  to  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Detroit, 
Jlich.  (formerly  Dr.  Duffield's),  and  installed  in 
Octolx-r  of  the  same  year.  He  still  remains  its  es- 
teemed and  efficient  pastor.  Dr.  Baker's  labors  in 
this  congregation  have  been  marked  with  large  suc- 
cess, in  the  increa.se  of  church  members,  and  of 
working  org-.miaitions  among  them,  especially  so 
among  the  ladies  and  young  jieople.  As  a  preacher, 
he  commands  the  re.six'ct  of  the  entire  community 
and  the  alfection  of  a  united  and  large  congregation. 

Baker,  Hon.  James  M. ,  LL.  D. ,  son  of  Archibald 
Baker  and  Catlurine  (McCallum)  Baker,  w;us  born, 
.Tuly  2()th,  18-21,  in  Robeson  County,  North  C:irolina. 
He  graduated  at  Davidson  College  in  1844,  immedi- 
ately began  the  study  of  law,  and,  in  1816,  was 
admitted  to  practice  in  the  courts  of  Floriihi,  to 
which  State  he  had  removed.  In  1853  he  was 
apix)iuted  St;\te's  Solicitor,  which  position  he  held 


BAKER. 


52 


BALCII. 


for  three  years,  faithfully  jwrforming  its  duties.  In 
185G  he  -was  elected  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court,  and 
held  the  office  with  ahility  and  fidelity,  until  18(i'2, 
when  he  resigned.  Subsequently,  he  resumed  the 
practice  of  law  in  Lake  City.  Soou  after  returning 
to  the  Bar,  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  Justices  of 
the  Supreme  Court,  which  position  he  held  for  two 
years,  again  resuming  practice  in  18R8,  which  he 
continued  with  success  until  ISSI,  when  he  was 
appointed  Judge;  of  the  Fourth  Judicial  Circuit.  This 
office  he  now  fills. 

Judge  Baker  was  made  an  elder  of  the  Presbj^:erian 
Church,  Lake  City,  in  18.56,  and  is  now  elder  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church  (Southern)  in  JacksonWlle, 
Florida.  In  both  State  and  Chiirch  he  sustains  a 
high  character,  and  is  greatly  respected  and  beloved 
for  his  uprightness,  integrityand  Christian  excellence. 
His  counsels  in  the  courts  of  the  Church  are  judicious, 
his  devotion  to  her  interests  is  deep  and  earnest,  and 
his  contributions  to  her  causes  are  frequent  and 
generous.  As  a  man  he  is  honored  with  public 
esteem,  as  a  jurist  he  is  able  and  successful,  and  as 
a  judge  he  is  courteous,  but  firm,  kind,  but  just  and 
impartial.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Pan-Presbyte- 
rian Council,  which  met  in  PUiladelidiia  in  1880,  and 
he  has  frequently  been  a  member  of  the  inferior  and 
superior  courts  of  the  Church,  in  whose  deliberations 
he  always  tiikes  au  active  and  influential  part. 

Baker,  ■William  Miinford,  D.  D.,  was  bora  in 
Washington,  D.  C,  June  5th,  1825.  He  graduated  at 
the  College  of  New  Jersey  in  1846,  and  studied  the- 
olog;s'  at  Princeton  Seminary.  He  was  stated  supply- 
at  Batesvillc,  Arkansas,  in  1849,  and  at  Galveston, 
Tcxiis,  in  1850.  He  was  subsequently  pastor  at  Aus- 
tin, 1850-65;  at  Zanesville,  O.,  18GG-72;  at  Newbury- 
port,  JIass.,  1872-74;  at  Boston,  1874-81;  and  at 
Philadelphia  (South  Presbyterian  Church),  1881-2; 
being  soon  obliged  to  relinquish  this  pastorate  on 
account  of  impaired  health.  He  died  in  Boston, 
August  21st,  1883.  'Wliile  continuing  his  ministry 
Dr.  Baker  al.so  entered  upon  literary  work,  and  for 
several  yc'ars  was  wholly  gi\en  to  this  kind  of  work. 
One  of  the  productions  of  his  pen  was  "  IILs  JIajcsly 
Myself"  He  was  a  constant  wniter  for  the  news 
pajiers  and  the  literary  magazines,  and  his  wTitings 
were  always  popular.  He  was  a  good  man,  a  true 
servant  of  Christ,  stri\'ing  always  to  honor  His  name 
and  extend  the  power  of  His  truth. 

Balch,  Hezekiah,  D.D.,  was  horn  in  Maryland, 
but  removed,  while  a  child,  with  his  father's  family, 
to  North  Carolina.  He  graduated  at  Princeton  Col- 
lege, in  1776,  and  for  some  time  alter  this  taught  a 
school  in  Fauquier  County,  Va.  He  was  licensed  to 
preach  by  the  Pre.sbj'tery  of  New  Castle,  in  1768,  and 
ordained  in  1770;  performed  missionary  work  in  Vir- 
ginia, and  for  one  year  preached  in  York.  Pa.  In 
1784  he  removed  to  Tennessee,  and,  by  reason  of  age 
and  experience,  took  the  lead  in  organizing  churches. 
He  obtained,  in  17!»4,  a  charter   for  tirecnvillc.      His 


exertions  in  behalf  of  education  gave  an  impulse  to 
the  c;iuse  through  the  whole  southwestern  region. 
He  died,  full  of  labor,  in  Aiiril,  1810. 

Balch,  Rev.  Hezekiah  James,  a  native  of 
Deer  Creek,  Harford  County,  5Id.,  graduated  at 
Princeton  College  in  1766,  was  licensed  by  the  Pres- 
bytery of  Donegal  in  1768,  soon  after  which  he 
removed  to  North  Carolina.  He  was  one  of  the 
leaders  in  the  Mecklenburg  Convention,  and  one  of 
the  committee  that  prei>ared  the  resolutions  adopted 
by  that  Convention.  Mr.  Balch  was  the  pastor  of 
two  churches,  Eocky  river  and  Pojilar  Tent.  He 
died  in  1776. 

Balch,  Stephen  Bloomer,  D.  D.,  was  a  de- 
scendant of  John  Balch,  who  emigrated  to  New 
England,  at  an  early  period,  from  Bridguwater,  in 
Somerset,  England.  A  great  graniLson  of  his  removed 
to  Deer  Creek,  in  Harlbrd  county,  Md.,  and  thue 
the  subject  qf  this  sketch  was  born,  April  5th,  1747. 
AMiile  he  was  yet  a  youth  his  father  removed  with 
his  family  from  Maryland,  and  settled  in  Mecklen- 
burg, N.  C.  He  was  admitted  to  the  degree  of 
Bachelor  of  Arts,  in  1774,  in  the  College  of  New 
Jersey,  and  very  soon  after  graduating  Ix'came 
principal  of  the  Lower  Marlborough  Academy,  in 
Calvert  County,  Md.,  which  position  he  held  about 
four  years,  gaining,  in  an  uncommon  degree,  the 
confidence  and  allection  of  his  pupils.  After  Ix-ing 
licensed  to  preach  the  gospel,  by  the  Presbytery  of 
Donegal,  June  17th,  1779,  he  spent  some  months  in 
traveling  as  a  sort  of  missionary  in  the  Carolinas. 
Declining  a  call  to  a  congregation  in  North  Carolina, 
he  went,  in  JIarch,  1780,  to  Georgetown,  D.  C, 
which  was  then  a  hamlet,  with  a  view  to  establish 
there  a  Presbyterian  Church.  A  very  plain  house 
for  public  worship  w.is  erected,  and  there  were 
seven  persons,  including  the  pastor,  who  joined  in  the 
first  celebration  of  the  Lord's  Supper.  Shortly  after 
this  he  was  instrument;il  in  establishing  a  Presby- 
terian congregation  in  Fredericktown,  JId.  His 
Church  in  Georgetown  rapidly  and  greatly  increased, 
as  the  village  grew.  To  make  his  .s;ilary  adequate  to 
the  support  of  his  family  he  united  teaching  with 
the  pastoral  office.  In  1S21  the  old  church  edifice 
was  taken  down,  and  a  more  commodious  and  more 
elegant  house  erected  in  its  place.  In  1831  Dr. 
Balch's  house  was  completely  destroyed  by  tire.  He 
died  September  7th,  1833,  his  death  producing  a 
great  sen.sation  in  the  whole  community.  His  min- 
istry in  Georgetown  extended  through  a  period  of 
fifty-three  years.  Dr.  Balch  had  an  exuberance  of 
good  humor.  "The  nature  and  permanency  of  his 
religious  jirinciples,"  .s;iys  Dr.  Elias  Harrison,  "were 
most  elVectually  attested  by  the  purity  of  his  life,  the 
stern  fidelity  with  which  he  rebuked  the  various 
forms  of  evil,  and  his  readiness  to  make  personal 
sacrifices  for  the  cause  of  Christ. " 

Balch,  Thomas  Bloomer,  D.D.,  was  a  son  of 
the   Kcv.    Stephen   Bloomer   and    Eliz:ilK'th    (Beall) 


BALDWJX. 


53 


SALDWiy. 


Balch.  He  was  born  at  Georgetown,  D.  C,  Februarj- 
28th,  1793.  He  graduated  at  the  CoUcge  of  New 
Jersey  in  1813,  studied  theology  at  Princeton  Semi- 
nary, and  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Presbj'terj- 
of  Baltimore,  October  31st,  1816.  From  the  Spring 
of  1817  to  the  Fall  of  1819  he  preached  as  assistant 
to  his  father,  who  was  then  in  charge  of  the  church 
at  Georgetown,  D.  C,  then  spent  nearly  ten  years  in 
happy  and  useful  labor  as  pa.stor  of  the  churches  of 
Snow  Hill,  Rehoboth,  and  Fitt's  Creek,  JId.  ;  after 
which  he  lived  four  years  in  Fairfax  county,  Va., 
preaching  as  he  had  ojiportunity.  Subsequently  he 
supplied,  for  two  years,  the  churches  of  "Wancnton 
and  Greenwich  ;  was  agent  for  the  American  Coloni- 
zation Society  ;  for  nine  months  supplied  the  church 
al  Fredericksburg,  Va.,  then  Xokes^'ille  Church,  four 
years,  and  Greenmch  Church,  two  years.  Dr.  Balch 
had  a  strongly  literary  taste,  ■RTote  much  on  man}' 
subjects,  and  published  several  volumes.  He  died 
February  14tb,  1S78.  To  the  last  his  mind  was 
clear,  and  he  uttered  many  expressions  of  hope  and 
faith  up  to  his  parting  breath. 

Baldwin,  Rev.  Btirr,  was  a  minister  for  sixty- 
four  years.  He  was  educated  at  Tale  and  Andover. 
He  organized  the  first  Sabbath  School  in  the  United 
States,  at  Xcwark,  New  Jersey,  on  the  first  Sabbath 
in  Jlay,  181.5,  and  this  led  to  the  organization  of 
the  American  Colonization  Society,  later.  Most  of 
Mr.  Bahhvin's  ministry  was  spent  in  northern  Penn- 
sylvania. For  a  number  of  years  he  was  pastor  of 
the  Church  of  Montrose,  and  Stated  Clerk  of  the 
Presbytery  of  Susquehanna.  He  died  in  Jloutrose, 
Pa.,  in  1882,  aged  92  years. 

Bald-win,  Elihu  "WMttlesey,  D.D.,  was  born 
December  2.5th,  1789,  in  Durham,  Greene  County, 
N.  Y. ,  whither  his  parents  had  migrated  from  Con- 
necticut, shortly  after  the  war  of  the  Revolution. 
He  graduated,  ^vith  high  honor,  at  Yale  College,  in 
September,  1812,  studied  theology  at  Andover 
Seminary,  and  was  licensed  in  due  form  by  the  Pres- 
bytery of  Newburyport,  May  1st,  1817.  Having 
accepted  the  place  of  a  city  missionaiy  in  Kew  York, 
his  labors  were  very  soon  attended  vrith  a  manifest 
blessing,  and  resulted  in  the  building  of  a  place  of 
worship  and  the  formation  of  a  church,  which,  in  due 
time,  was  received  under  the  care  of  the  Presbj-tery, 
as  the  Seventh  Presbyterian  Church,  of  which  he  was 
installed  pastor,  December  2.5th,  1820. 

Few  men  have  ever  more  fully  exemplified  the  vir- 
tues or  the  graces  of  an  apostolic  ministry.  "With 
scarcely  one  of  the  gifts  of  genius,  vrith  an  exterior 
pleasing  and  winning,  indeed,  but  far  from  command- 
ing, he  had  yet  that  excellence  ascribed  by  a  political 
foe  to  Sir  Walter  E;ileigh,  when  he  said  of  him,  ' '  He 
can  toil  terribly. ' '  Pos.sessed  of  a  c;ilm  and  even  tem- 
per, and  a  spirit  cheerful  and  hopeful  in  the  most  dis- 
couraging scenes,  and,  while  struggling  against  obsta-  ! 
cles  seemingly  insuperable,  "bating  no  jot  of  heart  or  ! 
hope,"' '  and  never  entertaining  the  thought  of  deserting 


his  i)0.st  for  the  difficulties  which  bound  him  to  it,  he 
accomplished  a  work  which  would  ha^e  conferred 
forae  upon  abilities  and  endowments  far  superior  to 
his  o^vn.  But  his  good  sense,  unwavering  firmness 
of  pur^jose,  steady  loyalty  to  duty,  practical  tact  and 
ready  sympathy,  conspired  to  render  him  "the  right 
man  in  the  right  place." 

Dr.  Bakbvin's  piety  was  unostentatious,  but  deep 
and  fervent,  and  no  showy  exterior  gave  a  counterfeit 
promise  of  his  real  worth.  "Xone  knew  him  but  to 
love"  him,  or  could  come  in  contact  with  him  with- 
out feeling  that  he  was  a  man  in  whom  they  could 
confide.  Dr.  Dwight,  whom  he  served  for  a  short 
time  as  an  amanuensis,  declared  him  fully  entitled  to 
the  epithet  of  "the  beloved  disciple, ' '  and  the  con- 
fidence and  respect  of  his  co-presbytcrs — grounded  on 
his  well-tried  qualities  of  sound  judgment,  tact,  per- 
severance, and  energy,  as  well  as  his  learning  and 
piety — are  sufficiently  attested  by  their  recommenda- 
tion of  him,  in  183.5,  to  the  post  of  first  President  of 
Wabash  College.  Duty  alone  extorted  his  consent  to 
the  resignation  of  his  charge.  Like  the  tree  rooted 
deeper  by  the  blasts,  liis  attachment  to  his  jieople  had 
been  strengthened  by  their  common  experience  of 
hardship  and  self-denial.     A  rare  success  had  also 

j  cro^vned  his  labors.  Dr.  Baldwin  left  his  people  on 
the  1st  of  Jlay,   1835,  and  after  devoting  several 

[  months  to  an  agency  in  behalf  of  the  institution  over 
which  he  was  to  preside,  directed  his  course  towards 
his  new  field  of  labor.  His  reception,  on  reaching 
the  place  of  his  destination,  was  everything  he  could 

I  desire.  He  entered  on  his  approj^riate  duties  in  the 
early  part  of  November,  but  was  not  regularly  inau- 
gurated until  the  annual  Commencement,  in  July  of 
the  next  year.  His  death  occurred  during  his  Presi- 
dency of  Wabash  College,  in  18-10. 

Baldvsrin,  Matthias  "W.,  was  born  in  Elizabeth- 
town,  N.  J.,  December  10th,  1795.  From  early 
childhood  he  exhibited  a  remarkable  fondness  for 
mechanical  contrivances.  He  learned  the  business 
of  manufacturing  j  ewelry,  in  Frankford,  Pa.,  and  in 
1819  commenced  it  on  his  own  account  in  Philadel- 
phia, but  in  consequence  of  financial  difficulties,  and 
the  trade  becoming  depressed,  soon  abandoned  it.  His 
attention  was  then  drawn  to  the  invention  of 
machinery,  and  one  of  his  first  efforts  in  this  direction 
was  a  machine  whereby  the  process  of  gold-plating 
was  greatly  simplified.  He  next  turned  his  attention 
to  the  manufacture  of  book-binders'  tools,  to  supersede 
those  which  had  been,  up  to  that  time,  of  foreign 
production,  and  the  enterprise  was  a  success.  He 
next  invented  the  cylinder  for  printing  calicoes, 
which  had  always  been  previously  done  by  hand- 
presses,  and  he  revolutionized  the  entire  business. 
When  the  first  locomotive  engine  in  America,  im- 
ported by  the  Camden  and  Amboy  Railroad  Company, 
in  1830,  arrived,  he  examined  it  carefully,  and 
resolved  to  construct  one  after  his  own  ideas.  At 
the  earnest  request  of  Franklin  Peale,  jwoprietor  of- 


BALKXriSE. 


64 


BANKS. 


the  Philadelphia  Museum,  he  undertook  to  huild  a 
miniature  cn;;ine  for  exhibition.  His  only  guide 
in  tliis  work  consisted  of  a  few  imperfect  sketches 
of  the  one  he  had  examined,  aided  by  descriptions  of 
those  in  use  on  the  Liverpool  and  Manchester  Hail- 
way.  He  successfully  accomplished  the  task,  and  on 
the  25th  of  April,  1831,  the  miniature  locomotive 
■was  rutmin-;  over  a  track  in  the  Museum  rooms,  a 
portion  of  this  track  bein^  laid  on  the  floors  of  the 
transepts,  and  tlie  balance  passing  over  trestle  work 
in  the  naves  of  the  Ituilding.  Two  small  cars,  hold- 
ing four  jiei-sons,  were  attached  to  it,  and  the  novelty 
attracted  immense  crowds. 

HaWug  received  an  order  to  constrnct  a  road  loco- 
motive for  the  Oennantown  Kailroad,  the  work  was 
accompli-shed,  and  on  its  trial  trip,  November  2:id, 
1 832,  the  engine  jjro ved  a  success.  It  weighed  five  tons, 
and  was  sold  for  three  thousiind  five  liundred  dollars. 
In  1S31  he  constructed  an  engine  for  the  South  Caro- 
lina Kailroad.  and  also  one  for  the  Pennsylvania  State 
Line,  running  from  Philadelphia  to  Columbia.  The 
latter  weighed  .seventeen  tlioustind  pounds,  and  drew 
at  one  time  nineteen  loaded  cars.  This  wa.s  such  an 
unprecedented  performance  that  the  State  Legisla- 
ture at  once  ordered  several  additiomil  ones,  and  two 
more  were  completed  and  delivered  during  the  s;ime 
year,  and  he  also  constructed  one  for  the  PhiUuklpliia 
and  Trenton  Kailroad.  In  \<\')  he  Ijuilt  fourteen,  in 
1836  forty.  His  success  was  now  assured,  and  his 
woris  became  the  largest  in  the  Unit<'d  States,  per- 
haps in  the  world.  Engines  were  sliipped  to  every 
quarter  of  the  glolie,  even  to  England,  where  they  had 
been  invented,  and  the  name  of  Baldwin  grew  as 
familiar  as  a  household  word.  Mr.  lialdwin  was  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  Franklin  Institute.  He  was 
an  exemplary  Cliristian,  and  a  Aery  useful  elder  of 
the  Presbyterian  Church.  He  g:ive  very  liberally  and 
cheerfully  of  his  large  means  for  the  cause  of  Christ. 
His  name  is  held  in  honored  remembrance  in  the 
community  in  which  he  lived.  His  death  occurred 
September  7th,  IsGG. 

Balentine,  Rev.  Hamilton,  was  bom  January, 
1817,  at  Churchtovii,  Lancaster  county,  Pa.  After 
graduating  at  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  in  184.1, 
he  j)a.ssed  through  the  full  course  of  three  years  in 
Princeton  Theological  Seminary,  distinguishi'd  fur 
his  diligence,  regularity  and  ])iety.  Having  devoted 
his  life  to  the  Foreign  .Missionary  work,  and  an 
urgent  CiiU  having  come  for  help  to  the  Indian  Sli-s- 
sions,  he  at  once  proci-cded  to  Kowetah,  a  station 
among  the  Creek  Indians,  and  in  Jul}-,  1848,  devoted 
himself  to  his  chosen  work  with  an  ardor  which 
never  abated  while  he  lived.  IJefore  going  to  the 
Indians  hi'  was  licensed  by  the  Presb^-tery  of  New 
Brunswick,  February  'Jd,  l''<48,  and  onlained  iuh  an 
evatigelist  by  the  same  Presb\-tery,  May  2!)th,  1848. 

In  IS'iO  he  was  a])pointed  to  assist  in  giving  in- 
struction at  S|K'ncer  .\cademy,  among  tlie  Clioct;iws, 
and   labored   there   until    IB.'jS,    at   which  time  the 


Board  o]K-ned  a  boarding-schixil  for  females,  at  Wa- 
pauucka,  among  the  Cliicka.s;iws.  Tlie  in.stitution 
w;is  oiiened  by  him  alM>nt  Oetolx'r  1st,  1852,  with 
forty  pu])ils,  but  they  s<M)n  incre:Lsed  to  one  hundretl 
in  nunilK-r.  He  remained  here,  laltoriug  efficiently, 
until  the  Fall  of  1855,  when  he  visited  Philadelphia 
for  medical  advice,  owing  to  severe  illness  in  his 
family.  On  his  return,  after  a  few  months,  he  was 
placed  in  charge  of  the  lx)arding-wlKK)l  for  femali-s 
at  (iood  AiVater,  among  the  Choctaws,  and  continued 
to  labor  thereuntil  Is.V.  Early  in  1"C>!I  he  returned 
to  Wajjanucka,  ag-.iin  taking  charge  of  the  school 
there,  and  laboring  at  the  s;ime  time  jis  an  evangelist 
in  the  surrounding  n-gion.  He  remained  there  tintil 
after  the  breaking  out  of  the  civil  war  in  18(!l^-\vhen 
all  communication  with  the  Board  of  Foreign  Slis- 
siouswas  cut  olf,  as  well  as  all  support  from  its 
funds.  Nevertheless  he  continued  to  lalx)r  zealously 
for  the  sjiiritual  g(«>d  of  the  Indians,  teaching  and 
preaching  at  various  points  among  them  until  the 
l)eginning  of  1876,  when,  through  excessive  lalwrs, 
his  health  became  feeble  and  precarious.  His  death 
occurred  February  21.st,  1876.  His  dying  hotirs 
were  full  of  peace  and  strong  faith,  ilr.  Itdentine 
was  an  humble,  earnest,  faithful  and  self-tlenying 
missionary,  ever  active  in  the  great  work  to  which 
he  had  thoroughly  con.secrated  his  life  and  all  his 
jM)wers. 

Ball,  Rev.  Eliphalet,  graduated  at  Yale  in  1748, 
and  was  settled  at  Bedford,  January  2d,  1754.  He 
was  dismissed,  December  21st,  17(^8,  and  when  his 
succes-sor  resigned,  in  1772,  he  resumed  the  charge, 
and  remained  till  I'^X.  Having  spent  four  years  at 
Amity,  in  "Woodbridge,  Conn.,  he  removed,  with  a 
part  of  the  Bedford  congreg.ition,  in  1788,  to  Sara- 
togii  county.  The  settlement  was  named  Ball  Town, 
but  has  long  since  become  widely  known  as  B:illstoD. 
He  died  in  17!)7. 

Banks,  Hon.  Rphraim,  was  Imni  in  Lost  Creek 
Valley,  tlien  a  part  of  JILlUin  County,  now  Juniata, 
Pa.,  January  17th,  1791.  He  came  to  Lewistown,  in 
1817,  and  was  appointed  Prothonotary  by  Governor 
Findley,  in  1818,  .si-rving  three  years,  and  comniencctl 
the  practice  of  law,  at  Lewi.stown,  in  18-23.  He  was 
elected  to  the  Legislature,  successively,  in  the  years 
1,826,  18->7  and  1.8->8.  He  was  a  nK^mlx-r,  by  ehition. 
of  the  convention  which  its-scmbled  at  Harrisburg. 
May  2d,  ls.37,  to  reform  the  State  Constitution.  He 
was  elected  Auditor  CJeneral  of  the  State,  in  18.">(1, 
and  re-elected  in  1853,  serving  six  years,  and  finally 
was  elected  As.sociate  Judge  of  Mifllin  County,  in 
1866,  which  oflicc  he  licdd  at  the  time  of  his  death, 
which  occurred  at  his  residence,  in  Lewistowni,  Janu- 
ar>-,  6th,  ls71. 

Jiulge  Banks  was  a  sincere  and  devoted  Cliristian. 
He  was  an  elder  in  the  Prt'.sbytcrian  Church  at  I.<-w- 
istown  for  many  years,  ha\ing  In-en  cU-cted  and 
ordain<'d  its  such,  prolialily,  in  1823,  or  1821.  He 
often  represented  the  church  in  the  meetings  of  I'res- 


f.       .-\    ryn  rz^         r\r\fj  /\   n     '^  t^ 


PURITANS 


.WESTMINSTER  CONFESSIoJf, 
-  OF  FAITH  -      , 
ASSEMBLY  OF  OIVINESI 
WESTMINSTER  ABBEY 


TWISSEHERLEGOUGE 
BAXTERPYM  HAMPDEN 
WANDSWORTHA  D-1572 
BANGOR  COLUMBANUS  AD  590 


NI EMORY  Tablet  ( for  items  worthy  of  permanent  record.) 


THE  ULSTER  PLANTATIONAO  1605 
BRICE  BLAIR  CUNNINGHAM  ! 
UVlKGSTONtKIRK-SHOmSIRJOHKClDTWflTHY 
BUCK 0ATH:I639  IRISH  MASSACREI641 

FIRST  PRESRYTERYA0IM2. 


ISIEGE 

BATTLE- 


ACTof  TOLERATION  AD  1723 
RISEOFTHE  SECESSION  CHURCHAD  1733 
REPEAL«SACRAMENTAL  TEST  AO  1780 
—  HENRY  COOKE  I82L  — 

FRANCISCUSMAKEMIUSSCOTOHYBfRNUSiniWl 


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TLAIrai. 


ZQIJLDEES'' 


JOHN     Z^;:,-  <  KNOX 


REGEirr 


MURRAY 


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CILeSPIE 

BAILIE 

SIK  A.  JOHNSTOh 


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WELCH    I 

WISHART 


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;!^[lZ^ffaY= 


CASSIMIR 


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^  CATECHISM  <^. 

«|      AD:  1563.,    THEPIflUS 
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TR£DERICKIV 


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MELANCTHON 

URSINUS-OLEVIANUS 

BOgUlNDATHENUS-TREMILLIO 
PRESBYTERIEN  ESTABLISHED A-nWO 
BAVARIA  -AD  -ISOaBArUN 
UNITED-A  DI855-r,ATK.r.HI.SM 


MICHALL  SCHLATTER  S^GALLSWIIZERWNII" 

WEISS -BECHTELBOEHM 
FIRST  COEIUS.PHIIADEIPHIA  SEPT ?9 174/ 
RELATIONS-HOLLAND  DISSOLVED  ADi79Z 


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VAUDOISWALDENSES 


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JAKAVEL  JAHIER  IS55   PIEDWOWTESf  EASTER" 

EtPUL5lON     EXrte.!68«-7 


TMCGILOtlMOIJIS  RtCrURll. 


CONSISTOR1AL:ORCANISATIOH  HAPOL£Or*0  I8CS 
FELIX  NEFF-A0  1824-GENBECKWITH. 

EDICT  OF  EMANCIPATION 

CHARL-ES       ,ALBERT>--   AD  1848^ 


THEISRAELOF  THEALPS. 

HIV   !.LAUliatlil-L>  i/.ir.U  V.hCiL  LOI.Li 


X4  EMORY  Tablet  ( for  items  worthy  of  permanent  record.) 


iWOTZEI^Li^^KIi: 


FAR  EL 
OUYETAN 


.(KOUUfMllIS 
ULER 


PICTETTUPRETINLAVATFR 

BUXTORF  KNOX-WETTSTEIN 

OSTERWALD  DAUBIGNE 

MUSTIN    RUCHAT 


I 

MKMORY  TABLKT  ( for  iteiiis  woithy  of  permanent  record.) 


BAXXARD. 


55 


IIARXES. 


hytery,  and  as  often,  perhaps,  as  any  other  elder, 
represented  the  Presbytery  in  the  meetings  of  the 
Cieneral  Assembly.  As  a  member  of  Churehjudica- 
torifs  his  opinions  were  always  looked  for  and 
r(s])ccted,  and  he  was  always  a])pointed  on  the  most 
impurtaut  eommittees.  In  the  chuix-h  at  home,  he 
was  always  as  the  p:ustor's  right  hand.  According  to 
his  Scotch-Irish  Prcsbj-tcrian  training,  he  was  firmly 
.settled  in  the  well  known  doctrines  of  the  Confession 
of  Faith  and  Catechisms  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 
Xot  only  was  he  faithful  in  his  position  as  an  elder 
of  the  Church,  but  he  refused  not  the  humblest  ser- 
vice by  which  he  could  promote  the  cause  of  the 
Master.  He  w.-is  a  diligent  and  i^iithful  teacher  in 
the  Sabbath  School  till  the  infirmities  of  age  com- 
jicllcd  him  to  desist.  Immediately  upon  his  death 
the  members  of  the  County  Court  held  a  meeting,  and 
passed  resolutions  e.vprcssive  of  their  high  apprecia- 
tion of  his  character,  and  the  business  places  of  the 
tovm  were  all  closed  while  his  funeral  ceremonies 
were  being  pertbrmcd. 

Bannard,  ■William,  D.  D.,  the  oldest  child  of 
■William  and  Judson  Bannard,  was  born  in  England. 
September  22d,  IS'20.  Ho  came  with  his  parents  ti  > 
this  country  in  1832,  and  was  graduated  at  Union 
College,  X.  Y.,  in  1844,  and  at  the  Theological 
Seminary  at  Princeton,  N.  J.,  in  1847.  He  was 
licensed  to  preach  by  the  First  Presbj-tery  of  New 
York,  April  21st,  1847,  and  by  the  same  Presbytery 
ordained  and  installed  over  Madison  Avenue  Church, 
Xew  York  City,  October  25th,  1848.  He  w:is  in- 
stalled pa.stor  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  Kingsboro, 
X.  Y.,  April  8th,  1863,  and  had  charge  of  the  First 
Presbyterian  Church,  Salem,  X.  J.,  from  April  27th, 
1-^G!),  to  Ajiril  18th,  1883.  He  is  at  this  time  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Central  Presbytery  of  Philadcljihia.  Dr. 
Dannard  is  a  gentleman  of  scholarly  attainments, 
lie  is  of  a  mode-st  and  retiring  disposition,  but  of 
substantial  worth.  He  preaches  the  gospel  in  its 
purity,  and  with  ability,  and  is  characterized  by 
lidelityin  the  di-scharge  of  every  duty.  He  is  highly  ' 
esteemed  by  his  brethren. 

Barboui-,  Le^wls  Green,  D.  D.,  w;us  born  in 
Danville,  Ky.,  September  li)th,  1~*29.  He  graduated 
at  Centre  College,  in  1846,  at  Princeton  Theological  ! 
Seminary  1848,  w:>s  teacher  in  Boyle  county  1849-50, 
and  was  ordained  by  the  Prcsbj'tery  of  Muhlenberg 
in  OctoI)er,  1854.  He  Wiis  stated  supply  at  Bowling 
(Ireen,  Ky.,  in  1852;  pastor  1854-5;  stated  supply  at 
Uusseli-ille,  1852-55,  and  teacher  at  Lexington,  Ky., 
H.57-60.  He  w:ia  Principal  at  Le.vington,  5Io., 
lSli()-65;  teacher  at  Lexington,  Ky.,  1865-66;  Prin- 
cipal at  Danville,  1866-74;  stated  supply  at  Silver 
Creek,  1872-7.  Since  1874  he  h;ts  been  Professor  in 
Central  University,  Ky.  Dr.  Barbour  is  a  gentleman 
of  genial  spirit  and  pleasing  address.  His  scholar- 
.ship  is  of  a  high  order,  and  he  holds  an  eminent  rank 
as  an  instructor.  As  a  preacher  he  is  able,  instructive  I 
and   impres-sive.     He    is  a  vigorous  writer,  and   fre- 1 


qnently  contributes  valuable  articles  to  the  religions 
press.  He  is  held  in  high  esteem  in  the  community 
in  which  he  lives,  and  by  his  brethren  in  the  ministry. 
His  life  has  been  one  of  marked  usefulness  in  the 
Master's  ser\ice. 


1 1  u  I>  (.ItLf  N    BARBOL  n,  D  D 


Bard,  Rev.  Isaac,  was  born  near  Bardstown, 
Ky.,  January  13th,  1797.  He  was  admitted  as  a 
student  in  the  Theological  Seminary  at  Princeton, 
upon  a  certificate  from  Tiansylvania  Prc-sbytery,  in 
1817,  and  licensed  by  Xew  Brunswick  Presbrterj-, 
April  27th,  1820.  In  order  to  comi)lete  his  classical 
education,  he  entered  the  Senior  Cl:iss  of  Union  Col- 
lege, and  graduated  in  1821.  In  1823  he  was  in.stalled 
pastor  of  the  churches  of  Greenville  and  Jit.  Plea.s;>nt, 
Ky.,  and  sustained  this  relation  ti'ii  years.  After  the 
di.s.solution  of  the  pastoral  relation,  he  continued  to 
reside,  throughout  the  whole  of  his  long  life,  near 
Greenville,  and  during  most  of  those  years  supplied 
them,  as  well  as  the  Jlount  Zion  and  Allensville 
churches,  preaching  zealously  and  coustjintly,  but 
never  again  a.ssuming  the  pastoral  office.  He  lived  to 
be  the  ministerial  patriarch  of  all  that  region.  His 
death  occurred  June  29th,  1878. 

Barnes,  Rev.  Albert,  was  born  in  Rome,  X.  Y., 
December  1st,  1798.  His  preparatory  studies  were 
conducted  in  Fairfield  Academy,  where  he  g-.ive  early 
promise  of  Iiis  abilities  by  composing,  in  connection 
with  his  fellow-students,  a  tragedy  in  verse,  entitled 
"■William Tell;  or,  Switzerland  Delivered."  In  early 
life  he  w.is  a  skeptic  An  article  in  the  ' '  Edinburgh 
Encyclopsedia, "  by  Dr.  Chalmers,  entitled  "Chri.s- 
tianitv,"  first  comm;uided  his  assent  to  the  truth  and 


B.UiXict;. 


56 


£JJiX£^ 


divine  origin  of  the  Cliri.sti:m  religion.  But  lie 
resolved  to  j'ield  to  its  claims  no  further  than  thence- 
forward to  keep  ali>of  from  its  active  opiwsers,  and  to 
lead  a  strictly  moral  life.  (Jn  entering  Hamilton 
College  lie  exjHrienced  tlie  deei>er  cliange  that  sot  ill 
entirely  new  channels  the  currents  of  his  life.  He 
became  a  Christian,  gave  up  his  fondly  cherished  plan 
of  preparation  for  the  leg-al  profession,  and  consecrated 
himself  to  the  work  of  the  ministry.  After  gradu- 
ating at  tlie  institution  just  named,  he  pursued  a 
four  yejirs'  course  of  theological  study  at  Princeton. 
In  Fel>ruary,  I'^i),  he  was  insUdled  pastor  of  the 
rresbyteriau  Church  in  Morristown,  N.  J.  Here  he 
commenced  the  preparation  of  his  Commentaries. 
.Vfter  nearly  live  years  in  this  i)astorate,  he  accepted 
a  call  from  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  I'liila- 


nr.v.  Ai.tteKT  hiknra. 


delphia,  with  which  church  lie  retained  ollicial  con- 
nection to  the  <Uiy  of  his  death. 

l'lM)n  the  ministry  of  Mr.  IJarnes,  iMith  in  Morris- 
town  and  I'hilaili'lphia,  the  divine  lilcsningaliundaiitly 
rested.  His  ministrations  were  characterized  by 
.Si'ripturalness,  clearness,  fullness  of  treatnu'ut,  fair- 
ness ill  dealing  with  olijectioiis,  and  thoughtful 
spiritual  power.  He  was  a  lirmaiid  fe;irless  advocjite 
of  the  Teiui)eRince  reformation,  nor  did  he  ever  heai- 
tat«',  in  the  clearest  unil  most  unmi-stakahle  manner, 
to  express  his  o))|i<isition  to  the  system  of  slavery. 
"  His  name,"  s;iys  the  Kev.  Dr.  KoImtI  I)avid.son, 
"  appears  without  any  title,  because  he  was  consci- 
entiously op|M>sed  to  academic  degrees.  .Vs  n  prt'acher, 
it  is  NUlVieieiit  to  say  that  he  st<H>d  at  the  head  of  his 
prulcssion,  in  an  arduous  |Hist,  and  iiinler  |H'culiarly 


trying  circumstances,  yet  he  commanded  to  the  liist 
the  respect  and  admiration  of  jx'rsons  of  intelligence 
and  culture,  both  in  and  out  of  the  learned  ]irofes- 
sioiLs. ' ' 

Aa  a  writer  Mr.  liarnes  was  remarkably  clear  and 
lucid.  It  was  impos-siblc  to inistiike  his  meaning,  lu 
1832  he  publi-shed  his  "Xotes,  Explanatory  and  Prac- 
tical, on  the  Gospels ;  designed  for  Sunday-school 
Teachers  and  Bible  Classc-s."  8ulise<juently  one 
l)ook  after  another  followed,  until  he  found  himsi-lf 
at  the  end  of  the  New  Testament.  During  these 
years  he  also  wrote  his  Annotatioas,  successively,  on 
Isaiah,  Job  and  Daniel,  which  were  followed  by  hLs 
"  Notes  on  the  Ps;ilms."  Meanwhile  other  works  in 
the  line  of  his  ministerial  laljors  were  given  to  the 
press.  His  pen  waa  never  idle.  Among  his  other 
more  importiint  published  works  are  "TheWayof 
Salvation,"  "The  Atonement,"  "  Ix-cturcs  on  the 
Evidences,"  and  "Life  of  St.  Paul."  His  two  dis- 
courses, "  Life  at  Threescore  "  and  "  Lite  at  Three- 
score and  Ten,"  are  among  the  most  charming 
autobiograjihies  the  world  has  ever  seen  ;  tln-y  show 
beautifully  how  religion  can  gild  and  cheer  a  Christian 
minister's  closing  years.  He  lived  to  see  edition 
after  edition  of  his  Commentjiries  exhausted,  until 
more  than  half-a-million  of  volumes  were  sold  in  his 
own  country,  and  in-rhaps  even  a  greater  nuiuK-r  in 
England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland,  while  tRiiislations 
of  many  of  his  Notes  were  nia<le  into  the  langiKiges 
of  France,  Wales,  India  and  Cliina. 

The  years  of  controversy  in  the  Presbyterian 
Church  which  culminated  in  itsdivi.sion  in  ltv57,  and 
iu  which  some  of  Mr.  Barnes'  doctrinal  views  were 
a.ssailed,  were  painful  years  to  him.  But  through 
them  all  he  bore  himself  with  a  firmness  th;«t  never 
piissed  by  its  cxci>ss  into  obstinacy,  with  a  gi'iitleuess 
that  never  di'gener.it<'d  into  weakness,  and  with  a 
patience  that  w;is  never  rulUed.  He  Vemaiiied  con- 
spicuously <-onnected  with  what  w;ls  known  as  the 
New  ScluMd  branch  of  the  Presb>-terian  Clinrch,  but 
through  pri-ss  and  pulpit  contributecl  largely  to  that 
state  of  things  which  nuule  tlie  reunion  of  the  Pn-s- 
bytcrian  Cliurch  po.ssible,  and  which  so  happily 
characterizes  the  union  as  iM-tually  awomplislwd. 

In  l'*4!)  Mr.  I>:irnes  w:is  invited  to  a  profes.sorship 
in  Ijine  Seminary,  which  he  s:iw  fit  to  decline.  In 
I^.">1  the  Genenil  As.sembly  (New  S«1iik)1)  manifested 
their  approbatiim  of  their  favorite  champion  by  mak- 
ing him  MiHliT.itor.  Alnmt  this  time  his  eyes  liegan 
to  fail,  and  this  inlirinity  iiiere;Ls«'d  to  such  a  di-greo 
that  iu  l-<(iS  he  resigne*!  his  charge,  much  agiiinst  his 
people's  wi.shes,  but  continuing,  at  their  re<iui>st, 
as  Pastor  Emeritus.  To  the  last,  however,  he  con- 
tinued to  preach  occasionally  in  the  chunhes,  and 
regularly  in  the  Hiiil.se  of  Kefuge,  of  which  he  was  a 
Manager. 

"Mr.  Rirnes, "  sjiys  Dr.  Herrick  Johnson,  "was 
distinguished  by  a  rare  iKilaiii'v  of  faculties.  He 
bail  also  a  rare  command  of  his    facultii's.      He  w;is 


BAHyJSTT. 


57 


BARR. 


'  roiiscieuce  iucaruate.'a  man  for  the  stake,  if  need  be,  ' 
Imt  nut  for  a  CDmproniisf  of  wliat  he  believed  to  be 
t  he  truth.  Yet  his  heart  was  full  of  eliarities  withal. 
His  affeetiouatene.ss  anil  ehildi.shne.ss  won  for  him  a 
jiceuliarly  tender  regard.  As  a  friend  he  knew  no 
guile,  there  being  deei)-rooted  in  his  heart  every 
tender  and  sympathetic  virtue.  As  a  man  he  was 
singularly  regardful  of  the  rights  of  man,  and  was 
always  the  champion  of  all  that  were  oppressed,  and 
that  were  of  low  degree. ' ' 

Jlr.  Barnes  died  on  December  -24111,  ls7(»,  while  in 
the  performauee  of  a  saered  and  tender  duty.  On 
tliat  day  he  walked  a  mile  to  administer  consolation 
to  a  bereaved  family,  but  had  scarcely  seated  himself 
when  he  experienced  a  difficulty  in  breathing,  and 
suddenly  falling  back  in  his  chair,  expired,  without 
a  struggle. 

Bamett,  Rev.  John  M.,  son  of  John  and  Mary  [ 
Morrison  ]!arnctt,  was  born  Jlay  20th,  1826,  in  Derrj' ' 
township,  "Westmoreland  County,  Pa.  Ha\-ing  pur- 
sued his  preparatory  studies  at  the  Blairsville  Acad- 
emy, he  entered  Jeft'erson  College,  at  Canoasburg, 
Pa.,  and  was  graduated  \rith  the  ela.ss  of  1849. 
r.efore  and  after  graduation,  to  the  extent  of  four  and 
a  half  years,  he  was  associated  with  the  Rev.  Alex- 
ander Donaldson,  D.  D.,  as  assistant  teacher  in  the 
excellent  and  eminently  useful  Academy  of  Elder's 
Kidge,  Indiana  County,  Pa.  He  was  graduated  ti-om 
the  Western  Theological  Seminary,  at  Allegheny,  in 
the  Spring  of  185.5,  and  a  few  weeks  later  was  licensed 
an<l  ordained  by  the  Presbytery  of  Blairsville,  when, 
under  commission  of  the  Board  of  Home  Jli.ssions, 
he  proceeded  to  the  head  of  Lake  .Superior,  and  there 
labored  six  years  in  this  capacity,  being  one  of  the 
original  members  of  the  Presbj-tery  of  Lake  Superior, 
and  of  the  Synod  of  Minnesota,  O.  S. 

Resigning  his  charge  he  then  becjirae  pastor  of  the 
Church  of  Mount  Pleas:int,  O.  S. ,  in  the  Prcsb^-tery 
of  Redstone,  until  18G9,  when  he  took  charge  of  the 
Church  of  Connells\-ille,  in  the  sami;  Presbj'tery,  in 
w  hich  hapjiy  and  useful  relation  he  remained  for  the 
period  of  thirteen  years.  In  evidence  of  his  success, 
it  is  enough  to  state  that,  finding  the  Connellsville 
Church  with  a  membership  of  one  hundred  and  forty, 
he  left  it  with  two  hundred  and  seventy-five,  the 
Church  of  Dunbar  having  meanwhile  been  set  ofi' 
from  it,  which,  having  an  efficient  ))astor,  now  reports 
a  membership  of  one  hundred  and  forty-seven.  In 
.lune,  1882,  Mr.  Barnett  gave  up  tlie  pastoral  office 
to  become  Financial  Secretary  of  Washington  ami 
Jeft'erson  College,  in  which  service  he  is  now  (1883) 
very  actively  and  u.sefully  employed. 

He  is  a  clear,  evangelic;il  and  eft'ective  preacher 
and  vigorous  pastor,  and  a  skillful  ecclesiastic.  He 
has  shown  special  fitne-ss  for  the  office  of  Stated 
Clerk,  liaving  .served  both  his  Preslntery  and  the 
Synod  of  Pittsburg  in  that  capacity  for  many  years. 
Of 'till'  latter  body  he  was  .Moderator,  in  1880,  at 
■Johustown,  I'a. 


Barr,  Rev.  Hugh,  the  son  of  Patrick  and  Nancy 
Barr,  was  born  in  North  Carolina,  May  12th,  1790. 
His  parents  removed  to  Middle  Tennessee,  with  their 
family,  in  1798.  He  wa.s  educated  in  the  acadeniy 
of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Blackburn.  On  leaving  tlu'  academy 
he  began  life  as  a  teacher,  and  established  a  school 
for  English  and  classical  studies,  at  Hoiiewell,  Ten- 
nessee. In  the  Indian  war  of  the  South  he  served  as 
a  soldier  under  General  Jackson,  leaving  his  young 
wife  and  his  home  to  hazard  his  life  for  the  defence 
of  his  country.  He  served  through  the  whole  of  that 
struggle,  taking  part  in  its  bloodiest  battles,  particu- 
larly that  known  as  the  "  Horse-Shoe  "  battle.  Re- 
turning home  after  the  war,  he  resumed  his  oc(ai]>a- 
tion  as  a  teacher.  After  a  vigorous  study  of  theology, 
and  completing  his  course  about  the  year  1-'19,  he 
was  licensed  to  preach  the  gospel  by  the  Presbytiry 
of  Shiloh.  He  was  ordained  and  .sent  as  a  missionary 
to  Northern  Alabama,  and  was  settled  at  Courtland, 
in  that  State,  in  the  year  1821.  He  remained  as 
pastor  of  this  church  ibr  fourteen  years,  .serving  in 
the  meantime,  as  he  had  ()])portunity,  th(^  destitute 
neighborhoods  in  the  region  about  him.  In  this,  his 
first  settlement,  he  was  eminently  successful  in 
winning  souls,  and  was  greatly  beloved,  both  iis  a 
preacher  and  as  a  man.  He  went  to  Illinois  in  1835, 
and  for  six  months  supplied  the  cIuLreh  at  Pisgah,  in 
Morgan  county,  and  then  settled  at  Carrolton,  Green 
county,  ni.,  in  November  of  the  same  year,  where  he 
remained  until  he  closed  his  ministerial  labors,  in 
18.52.  Here  he  labored  hard,  and  long,  and  well,  to 
lay  the  foundations  of  society,  to  establish  theChin-ch 
of  Christ,  and  to  build  up  schools  and  institutions  of 
learning  for  the  community.  Mr.  Barr  died  .Vugust 
1st,  1862.  As  a  theologian,  he  w:us  sound,  systematic, 
and  scriptural.  As  a.  preacher  he  w;»s  thoroughly 
doctrinal,  argumentative,  and  expository.  As  a  pas- 
tor he  was  greatly  beloved.  He  wa-s  full  of  fidelity 
and  zeal  for  his  Cliurch. 

Barr,  Thomas  Hughes,  D.  D.,  fifth  .son  of  Rev. 
Thomas  and  Sus;innah  (Welch)  Barr,  was  born  in 
Greersburg,  Beaver  county,  Pa.,  November  19th, 
1^07.  He  graduated  at  Western  Reserve  College, 
Ohio,  in  1835, with  honor,  studied  theology  at  Prince- 
ton, N.  J.,  was  licensed  by  the  Presbytery  of  New 
Brun.swick,  and  was  ordained  by  the  Presbytery  of 
Wooster,  June  23d,  1841.  He  was  p,astor  of  Wayne 
and  Jiickson  churches,  Ohio.  1841-7,  and  of  Jack.son 
Church  until  his  death,  which  oi-curred  November 
29th,  1878.  His  third  daughter,  Mary,  went,  in  the 
Summer  of  1878,  a  few  months  previous  to  the  death 
of  her  father,  to  Peking,  China,  where  she  labored 
under  the  auspices  of  the  New  York  Woman's  For- 
eign ilissionary  Board.  On  account  of  ill-health  she 
was  transfen-ed,  in  the  Summer  of  1883,  to  California, 
where  she  still  labors,  under  the  same  Board.  Dr. 
Barr  was  posse.s.sed  of  an  active,  energetic  and  well- 
trained  intellect.  Humility  and  simplicity  were 
traits  of  character  for  which  he  was  remarkable.      He 


BARB. 


58 


BABTLETT. 


■was  an  in(lefatigiil>le  student.  His  disceniment  of 
trill h  was  only  iHiualed  by  the  clearness  with  which 
his  views  were  expressed.  His  was  truly  a  gospel 
ministry.  He  bad  no  liking  for  line-spnn  theories  that 
had  no  foundation  in  the  Word  of  God.  In  pastoral 
duties  he  was  faithful  and  diligent;  he  was  a 
faithful  Presbyter,  well  versed  in  the  government 
and  discipline  of  the  Church,  and  Ciniiliar  with  the 
forms  of  ecclesia.'Stical  biLsiness.  He  was  greatly 
beloved  by  the  people  among  whom  lie  lal)ored. 
For  several  years  he  w;is  Stated  Clerk  of  Pre.sl)ytery, 
several  times  its  Moderator,  and  at  several  difl'ereut 
times  he  was  a  commissioner  to  the  General  Assem- 
bly. Dr.  Barr's  death  vv;is  peaceful  and  happy,  and 
his  record  is  that  of  an  able,  good  and  useful  man. 

Barr,  "William  H.,  D.  D.,  was  born  in  Kowan 
(now  Iredell)  county,  North  Carolina,  about  the 
year  1779.  He  grailuated  at  Hampden  Sidney  Col- 
lege in  l-'Ol,  and  his  theological  studies  were  con- 
ducted by  the  Kev.  Dr.  Hall.  He  was  licen.sed  to 
preach  in  180(>,  and  almost  immediately  after  was 
appointed  by  the  Synod  of  the  Carolinas,  to  itinerate 
as  a  mi.ssionary  in  the  lower  parts  of  South  Carolina. 
His  jireaching,  wherever  he  went,  was  received  ■with 
marked  approbation,  and  he  was  solicited  in  several 
places  to  accept  a  piustoral  charge;  but  his  health  at 
that  time  was  not  sulliciently  firm  to  justify  it. 
In  the  Autumn  of  1809  he  received  a  unanimous 
call  from  Upiier  Long  Cane  Church,  Abbeville  Dis- 
trict, South  Carolina;  accepted  thecal!,  and  continued 
to  be  the  pastor  of  the  congregation  till  his  death, 
■which  occurred  January  9th,  1843.  Dr.  Barr  ■was  an 
elociuent  preacher.  His  style  of  preaching  was 
uniijue.  His  power  of  condensation  was  eminently 
great.  He  pos.se.ssed  a  rare  Uileut  for  eviscerating  his 
tc.\t.  His  definitions  were  remarkably  precise  and 
intelligible,  and  his  illu.strations  of  obscure  ])a.s- 
sages  of  Scrijiture  by  facts  from  ancient  history 
were  peculiarly  pertinent  and  .s;itlsfactory. 

Bairo'wrs,  John  Henry,  D.  D.,  was  Ixirn  in 
Medina,  Michigan,  July  11th,  1847.  He  graduated 
at  the  college.  Olivet,  Michigan,  in  1H()7;  then 
studied  theology  two  years  at  Yale  Seminary  and 
Villon  Theological  Seminary,  N.  Y.  For  three 
moiitlis  he  preached  to  the  Congregational  Church  at 
North  ToiH'ka,  Kans;us,  which  was  strengthened  and 
quickened  under  his  ministrations,  and  enabled  to 
erect  a  comfortiible  hon.se  of  worship.  From  January, 
1H71,  to  April,  1872,  he  was  Suiwrinttndent  of  Public 
Instruction  in  Os;ige  county,  Kan.sjis.  Subse- 
quently he  received  a  call  to  the  First  Congregational 
Cliiirch  of  Springlield,  111.,  where  he  preached  for 
fift<-en  months  with  great  acceptance.  In  June,  187:5, 
he  went  abroad  for  a  .year,  and  during  his  absence 
preached  for  .several  months  in  the  American  Chain'! 
in  Paris,  lu  February,  187.">,  he  took  charge  of  the 
Eliot  Cimgregational  Church,  of  Lawrence,  Mass., 
and  the  church,  during  the  nearly  six  years  of  his 
piustorate,  ciyoyed  a  high  degree  of  jirosiwrity.     Re- 


signing the  charge  at  IjiwTence,  Augitst  1st,  18*1,  he 
accepted  a  call  to  tlie  ilaverick  Cliureli,  of  East 
Boston,  wliere  he  lalxired  for  thirteen  months. 

DecemlK-r  8th,  1882,  Dr.  Barrows  was  installed 
pastor  of  the  First  I'resbyterian  Cliurch,  Chicago, 
111.,  which  relation  he  still  sustains.  He  al.so 
preaches  on  Sabbath  evenings  in  Central  Music  Hall, 
to  large  audiences.  He  has  already  secured  a  jxjsi- 
tion  in  Chicago  that  is  gradually  widening,  and 
gives  promise  of  great  iLsefulness.  His  intellectual 
endowments  are  of  a  sujierior  order.  He  is  in  fre- 
quent demand  on  the  lecture  platform  and  at  college 
commencements.  As  a  pulpit  or.itor  lie  takes 
high  rank.  His  seniions  are  elaborate,  and  his 
memory  is  so  good  that  he  can  easily  deUver  them 


JOHN   DENRT  BARROWS,  D.D. 

without  notes,  with  all  the  freedom  and  naturalness 
of  e.\tem])«raiieous  disi-ourse.  He  has  a  vivid  reali- 
Zittion  of  the  sujH'riiaturil,  and  an  implicit  faith  in 
the  power  ami  iiromises  of  (iod,  and  looks  for  iiiiuu- 
diate  and  large  results  from  tlie  preaclied  \Vor<l. 

Bartlett,  'Williain  Al^vin,  D.  D.,  was  Ixmi  in 
Bingliamton,  New  York,  DecemlH-r  4th,  18;H.  He 
graduatiM  from  I  lamilton  CoUegi'.  in  the  class  of  18.">-2, 
with  tlie  first  honors.  After  his  gniduation  he  taught 
(ireek  and  Latin  in  a  collegiate  institute  at  Mos.sey 
Creek,  Va.,  where  he  first  united  with  t!ie  Cliurcli. 
He  studied  in  I'liion  Tlieologiea!  Siiiiiiarv,  New- 
York,  of  which  he  is  an  alumnus;  also  a  year  or  two 
in  Halle  and  lU-rlin,  Germany,  wliere  he  Wiw  a  pupil 
of  Tlioluck.  He  was  ordained  in  the  Congregational 
Chnn-h,  inOwj-go,  N.  Y.,  in  the  .Vutumn  of  l'<>7.  In 
the  Summer  of  18."i8  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  Elm 


BARTLE'lT. 


59 


BAXTEK. 


Place  Congregational  Church,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  Be- 
ginning in  a  tabernacle,  after  ten  years  of  .snccessful 
]alx)r  he  left  a  .strong  church  and  a  strong  member- 
ship. In  the  Winter  of  \>*GS  he  acci'ptcfl  a  call  to 
Pl\-mouth  Church,  Cliicago.  During  the  fire  there 
his  church  Ix-came,  for  a  few  week.s,  lioth  a  boarding- 
house  and  a  hospital.  The  congregation  moved  up 
to\Tn  and  built  a  .stone  church,  between  Twenty-fifth 
and  Twenty-sLxth  streets,  which  will  contain  2000 
people. 

In  the  Fall  of  ]-^T(>  Dr.  Bartlett  accepted  a  call  to 
the  Second  Pre.sbvt<'riau  Church  of  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
.\fter  a  revival  during  this  period,  he  received  into 
the  Cliurch  one  .Sabbath  nujrning  147  souls,  compris- 
ing heads  of  families  and  leading  citizens.  He  was 
called  to  the  Xew  York  Avenue  Presbyterian  Church, 
Washington,  D.  C,  his  present  charge,  and  com- 
menced work  June  1st,  1882.  Dr.  Bartlett's  churches 
have  always  been  prospered  of  the  Lord,  and  gener- 
ally in  a  hopeful  and  spiritual  condition.  In  his 
early  ministry  he  lectured  throughout  many  States, 
on  the  lyceum  platform.  He  ha.s  preached  on  many 
special  occasions,  and  formerly  «Tote  much  for  the 
press.  He  is  an  eloquent,  faithful  and  attractive 
preacher,  and  his  present  important  p-astorate  is  pros- 
perous in  an  overflowing  attendance  and  a  fair  spiritual 
growth. 

Bartlett,  "William  Frederic  Vincent,  D.  D., 
wa.s  born  at  Portland,  Maine,  .Vugust  iJOth,  1831,  the 
third  of  the  eight  children  of  William  and  JIary 
(Crie)  Bartlett.  He  wa.s  graduated  at  Yale  College, 
in  the  Cla.ss  of  18.5.3,  and  studied  at  Union  Theo- 
logical Seminary,  Xew  York,  1856-59.  Delicate 
health  debarred  him  from  undertaking  any  perma- 
nent charge  for  some  years,  during  which,  with 
interi'als  of  travel,  he  served  several  Congregational 
and  Presbyterian  churches  in  Boston,  Brookline, 
Ma.ss.,  Concord,  X.  H.,  New  Orleans,  La.,  and  else- 
where. From  1870  to  1873  he  was  Professor  of  Latin 
at  Oakland  College,  Sli-ssissippi.  Since  1874  he  has 
been  settled  in  Lexington,  Ky.,  as  pastor  of  the  First 
Presln-terian  Church. 

Dr.  Bartlett  is  characterized  by  the  blending  of  a 
fervent  evangelical  spirit  with  intellectual  acumen 
and  oratorical  power.  Equally  at  home  among  books 
and  men,  and  combining  dignified  and  conciliatorj- 
manners  and  a  winning  presence  with  tact  and  energ^' 
in  the  conduct  of  aflairs,  he  has  been  rejicatedly  a 
peacemaker,  as  well  ,is  a  leader,  and  followed  by  the 
strongest  personal  attachments.  Since  his  settlement 
at  Lexington,  the  church  has  increased  from  two 
hundred  and  forty  to  four  hundred  and  sixty  mem- 
bers. He  received  the  degree  of  D.  D.  in  1875,  from 
Central  University,  in  Richmond,  Ky. 

Bartlett,  P.  Mason,  D.D.,  was  bom  at  Johns- 
town, Ohio,  February  6th,  1820,  and  graduated  at 
Williams  College  in  August,  1850,  and  at  Union 
Theological  .Seminary,  New  York,  in  May,  1853.  He 
has  been  p;istor,  in  succession,  of  churches  in  Circle- 


ville,  Ohio,  Lansingburgh,  X.  Y.,  and  Windsor 
Locks,  Conn.,  and  always  labored  with  zeal  and  suc- 
cess. Since  18fi!(  he  has  been  President  of  Marvsville 
College,  Tenn.,  in  which  position  he  has  rendered 
mo.st  efficient,  patient,  and  self-denying  .service  to  the 
cause  of  Christian  education  ;  partially,  on  account 
of  the  very  limited  means  of  the  Institution,  support- 
ing himself  from  some  small  resources  accjuired  in 
former  years.  President  Bartlett  took  so  high  a 
rank  during  his  collegiate  course,  that,  at  Commence- 
ment, the  Faculty  made  for  him  an  honor  before 
unknown  in  Williams,  viz.  :  the  Jlftnphi/sicril  Orritliin. 
and  the  subject  of  his  oration  was  Pnstmnl  Idmlili/. 
He  is  a  gentleman  of  fine  intellectual  culture,  de- 
voted to  the  great  cause  with  which  he  is  entrusted, 
and  the  In.stitution  over  which  he  presides  with 
ability  is  blessed  with  growing  pro.sperity,  and  exert- 
ing a  wide  and  salutary  influence. 

Baxter,  George  Addison,  D.  D.,  was  born  in 
Rockingham  county.  Ya.,  July  22d,  1771;  graduated 
at  the  Academy  at  Lexington  17!)6:  studied  theology 
under  the  direction  of  the  Rev.  William  (haham. 
Principal  of  Liberty  Hall,  and  was  licensed  to  preach 
by  the  Lexington  Presbytery,  .Vpril  1st.  1797.  After 
he  was  licensed  he  traveled  for  .six  months  through 
Virginia  and  Maryland,  preaching  as  a  missionary, 
and  at  the  .same  time  making  collections  for  the  New 
London  Academy.  On  his  return  from  this  tour  he 
again  took  charge  of  that  Academy,  of  which  he 
seems  to  have  had  charge  during  a  part  of  the  year 
1793. 

On  the  19th  of  October,  1798.  he  accepted  the  Pro- 
fes.sorship  of  Mathematics,  Natural  Philosophy  and 
Astronomy,  in  Liberty  Hall,  and  on  the  death  of 
Mr.  Graham,  the  ne.xt  year,  he  was  chosen  his  suc- 
cessor as  Principal.  In  this  new  relation  he  was 
also  constituted  pastor  of  the  congregations  of  New 
Monmouth  and  Lexington.  He  continued  his  con- 
nection with  the  Academy,  which  was  soon  after 
chartered  .is  Wa.shin,gton  College,  until  the  .Vutunin 
of  1829,  laboring  for  its  welfare  with  great  fidelity 
and  self-siicrifice,  but  though  he  retired  from  the 
Institution,  he  still  retained  the  pastoral  charge  of 
the  congregation. 

Dr.  Baxter  w;vs  inaugurated  Professor  of  Theology 
in  Union  Theological  Seminary,  April  11th,  1832. 
Besides  performing  the  duties  of  his  Profes-sorship, 
he  preached  regularly  to  vacant  congreg-ations  in  the 
neighborhood,  and  for  four  years  'oefore  his  decease 
sujiplied  a  church  twenty-five  miles  from  his  residence, 
the  first  two  years  two  Sabbaths,  afterwards  one 
Sabbath  in  each  nuinth.  He  contiiuied  to  labor 
without  interruption  almost  to  the  day  of  his  death, 
which  occurred  April  24th,  1841. 

Dr.  Baxter  was  a  great  man.  He  had  an  under- 
standing vast  in  its  powers  of  comprehension,  emi- 
nently profound,  logical  and  lucid;  a  judgment 
which  seldom  erred,  a  memory  which  never  forgot, 
and  an  amount  of  fervent  emotion  which  scut  forth 


liAyAUI). 


UKACH. 


his  trriat  tlioii^lits  in  Inirniiif;  iiiiil  melting  iiiass<'.s. 
His  leaUiiit;  lucntil  (juality,  ixTliaps,  was  cleariu-ss. 
His  ]>ower  of  condrnsatioii  w.is  remarkable.  In  bus 
tbooloftical  excrcisi's.  tli(>U};h  he  may  not  have  l>cen 
as  methoilii-al  a-s  some  ntliers,  he  could  extemporize 
f^eat  thcUKhts  in  loj;iciil  iiriler  and  in  pro]K-r  lan- 
Kii:ij;e.  and  so  tauj;ht  :us  to  set  the  minds  of  his  pupils 
at  work.  He  was  an  rxhinporc  preacher,  never,  prol)- 
ably,  having  had  a  manuscript  sermon  in  the  j)nlpit 
in  his  life.  His  sermons  were  always  full  of  s<^did 
evangelical  instruction.  He  wa.s  deeply  solemn,  ira- 
pres.sive  and  aflectiouate,  and,  while  he  never 
preached  any  other  than  a  good  s*-rmon,  he  vfa.s  often 
truly  and  highly  eloquent.  F<-w  pastors  entered  more 
heartily  into  re\-ivals  of  religion.  Such  was  his 
modesty,  that  he  disliked  to  occupy  a  C(ms|)icuous 
jMtsition,  and  yet  no  man  was  more  ready  to  do  honor 
to  others,  and  no  one  rejoiced  more  in  the  prosperity 
and  usel'nlne.ss  of  bis  brethren. 

Bayard,  John,  a  friend  to  bis  country,  and  an 
eminent  Christian,  was  born  August,  lltb,  17*3,  at 
liobemia  .Manor,  in  Cecil  County,  .Md.  After  receiv- 
ing an  academical  education  under  Dr.  Finley,  he 
was  ]iut  into  the  counting-hou.se  of  Mr.  John  Uhca, 
a  merchant  of  riiiladclphia.  Here  the  .seeds  of  grace 
began  first  to  take  root,  and  to  give  iiromise  of  tbo.se 
fruits  of  righteousness  which  alterwards  abounded. 
He  early  l>ecarae  a  eommunieant  of  the  Presliyterian 
Church,  under  the  charge  of  Kcv.  Gilbert  Tenncnt.  i 
Some  years  after  his  marriage  he  was  chowcn  a  ruling 
elder,  and  be  tilled  the  ofKce  with  zeal  and  efficiency. 
Sir.  WTiitetield,  while  on  his  visits  to.\merica,  I)ec;ime 
intimately  aequainted  with  Mr.  Bayard,  aiul  was 
much  attached  to  him.  They  made  wveral  tours 
together.  When  bis  brother's  widow  died,  Mr. 
Bayard  adopted  the  children  aiul  educated  them  as 
bis  own.  One  of  them  was  an  eminent  statesman. 
At  the  commencement  of  the  Revolutionary  War 
Mr.  Bayard  took  a  decided  part  in  favor  of  his  | 
country.  .-Vt  the  head  of  the  Second  15att;ilion  of  the 
rbiladelpbia  Militia  he  marched  to  the  assistance  of 
AVasbington,  and  was  jiresent  at  the  Battle  of  Trenton. 
Hi-  was  a  membir  of  the  Council  of  Siifety,  and  for 
many  years  S|)caker  of  the  Legi.slaturc.  In  IT"*."!,  he 
was  a])|Hiinted  a  memlMT  of  the  old  Congress,  then 
sitting  in  Xi'W  York.  In  17H8  lie  removed  to  New 
Brunswick,  where  be  was  Mayor  of  the  city,  Judge 
of  the  Court  of  Common  IMejus,  and  a  ruling  elder  of 
the  Church.  Here  he  died,  January  7th,  1m()7.  His 
death  was  one  of  triumph. 

Baylis,  Ellas,  was  a  noted  and  iM'loved  elder  in 
the  rrisliylerian  Cliurch  of  Jamaica,  1..  I.,  in  the 
time  of  tlie  lit-volutionary  War.  He  sIimhI  high  in 
the  community  for  uprightness  and  ability.  There 
ur<^  still  many  of  bis  descendants  in  the  eoiigreg:itioii. 
Though  blind  at  this  time,  lie  was  chairman  of  the 
patriotic  committee.  The  day  after  Geiu'nil  Wood- 
hull's  capture  ( .Vugust  'J>*tli,  177(il,  he  was  arre«to<l 
by  a  iieighlM>r  who  wished  to  do  something  to  ingra- 


tiate himsilf  with  the  Briti.sb,  brought  Ixfore  the 
British  otlieer,  shut  up  in  the  rri-sbyterian  church 
tliat  night,  and  the  next  day  carriisl  to  the  prison  at 
New  Utrecht.  Mr.  Baylis  wanted  his  fellow  jirisoners, 
in  the  same  pew  with  him  in  the  churrh,  to 
get  the  Bible  out  of  the  pulpit  and  reaif  to  him. 
They  feared  to  do  it.  but  le<l  the  blind  man  to  the 
pulpit  steps.  As  he  returned  with  the  Bible,  a  British 
guard  met  him,  beat  him  violently,  and  tfiok  away 
the  Book.  They  were  three  weeks  at  New  Itrecbt. 
and  then  marched  down  to  the  jirisim-sbip,  at  New 
York.  Mr.  Baylis  had  a  sweet  voice,  and  eonid  sing 
whole  psalms  and  hymns  from  memory.  It  is  not 
surprising,  then,  to  find  him  lieguiling  his  dreary 
imprisonment  in  singing,  among  others,  Ww  1  l'2<l 
Psiilm  :— 

"  Lord,  I  am  l>n<uglil  oxcocdlng  low, 

Now  let  thine  ear  attellil. 
And  niake  my  ftx>A,  who  vex  me,  koow 

I've  an  .\lmighty  Friend. 

"  From  my  end  pristm  set  me  free, 
Then  1  shall  praiw?  Thy  iianie. 
And  holy  men  bhall  join  witti  mo 
Thy  kindue«8  to  proctoiin." 

The  aged  man  was  visited  in  jirison  by  his  wife 
and  daughter.  After  a  continement  of  alMiiit  two 
months,  at  the  intercession  of  his  friends,  he  Wiis 
released,  barely  in  time  to  breathe  bis  last  without  a 
prison's  walls.  He  died  in  crossing  the  ferry  with 
his  daughter. 

Beach,  Rev.  Charles,  son  of  Isaie  Newton  and 
Mary  Eliziibetb  (Meeker)  Beach,  was  l)orn  in  Newark, 
N.  J.,  April  9tli,  1819.  He  was  gnidtmted  from 
Woodward  College,  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  in  1^*10. 
.\fter  his  graduation,  he  spt'iit  one  anil  a  half  years 
in  teaching  as  a  private  tutor  in  Berkley  county,  Va. ; 
then  entered  Princeton  iseminary  in  the  Kail  of  1><-I'.J, 
where  he  was  regularly  graduated  in  IS-I."!.  He  w:ts 
licensed  by  the  Presbytery  of  Elizabeth,  .\pril  Kith, 
1845,  and  s<K)n  after  leaving  the  Seminary  went  to 
Mississippi,  where  he  was  ordained  May  17th,  l.-MG, 
by  the  Presbytery  of  Louisiana,  and  iiistalbtl  jKUstor 
over  WiHxlville  Church,  >Iis,s.  Here  he  bilxired 
faithfully  and  successfully  for  eleven  years,  until 
released  Novemln'r  20th,  1H.'>7,  after  which  he  s«rved, 
as  stated  supply,  the  church  of  South  Plaiii.s,  .MIk-- 
marle  county,  Va.,  from  Pei-enil"'r,  I'%"i7  to  lleeemlHT. 
lH(j7.  His  next  charge  was  the  Church  of  Snow  Hill, 
Md.,  over  which  he  was  installed  May  Kith,  l"^!!!. 
and  from  which  he  was  releasetl  Novemlier  "Jtith, 
l.'-TTO.  He  was  then  installed  )iiUstor  of  the  Church  at 
Darncsfown,  Md.,  OetolH-r  ;t()lh,  IH71,  and  was 
released  from  it  Si'ptemlHT  17tb,  1^77.  His  bust 
charge  was  Harmony  Church,  Md.,  over  which  be 
was  installed  OcIoImt  •Jllth.  1^7-'.  anil  of  which  be 
contiiiiied  to  Ih'  )Kisti>r  until  his  death,  which 
iK'curred  March  !»th,  l-^-^l.  He  was  eoiisciou.s  to  the 
last,  and  his  end  was  l)eae«'l"ul  and  liap]>y.  He  said, 
"  I  am  so  weak,  I  can  only  trust."  Mr.  Bejich  was  a 
man  of  genial  and  amiable  spirit,  yet  energt-tic  and 


BEADLE. 


61 


JiEATTY. 


laborious,  of  devoted  piety,  an  excellent  preacher,  a 
faithful  pastor,  held  in  the  highest  esteem  and 
respect  by  all  who  knew  him.  He  brought  forth 
iiuioli  fruit  in  old  age  ;  no  part  of  his  ministry  being 
so  inllucniial  or  successful  as  its  last  ten  years. 

Beadle,  Elias  Root,  D.D.,  LL.  D.,  was  born  in 
Coopcrstown,  N.  Y.,  October  13th,  1812.  He  became 
converted  when  seventeen  years  of  age,  and  turning 
his  attention  to  the  ministry,  he  studied  under  Dr. 
]■'..  N.  Kirk,  of  Albany,  and  was  licensed  to  preach  at 
I'tica,  N.  Y.,  in  1835.  The  next  year  he  was  or- 
dained at  Buifalo,  and  assumed  the  pastorate  of  the 
I'irst  Prcsbj'terian  Church  at  Albion,  X.  Y.  In  June 
1830,  he  went  as  a  missionary  under  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  M. 
to  the  Druses  in  Mt.  Lebanon.  The  Druse  war 
effectually  ending  all   work  among  that  people,  Dr. 


^,/;  /' 


^i 


V^/ 


FLI  \1   I        T  IIFADI  F    D  I        I  I    D 

Beadle  returned  to  this  country,  and  went  to  Xcw 
<  )ileans,  where  he  a.ssisted  in  editing  the  New  Orleans 
I'ntlrxidiit.  Aside  from  this,  a.s  the  result  of  his  wise 
and  indomitable  energy,  there  were  organized  the 
Third,  the  Fourth,  and  the  Pri.-tanic  Street  churches, 
over  the  ]a.st  of  which  he  was  pastor  from  1843  to 
18."j2,  when  he  was  called  to  the  Pearl  Street  Congre- 
gatii>nal  Church  of  Hartford  Conn.,  there  remaining 
\intil  18(!3.  In  18G4,  he  was  called  to  the  First 
Presbyterian  Church  of  Rochester,  X.  Y.,  where  he 
labored  for  a  year  though  not  accepting  the  call. 
November  12th,  18(!,",,  he  was  installed  pastor  of  the 
Second  Presbyterian  Church  of  Pliiladelphia,  Pa., 
where  he  remained  until  January  Gth,  1879,  when 
he  was  suddenly  seized  with  an  attack  of  angina 
j>ectoris,    on   his   way  home    from    nutniing   service. 


and  entered  into  rest  before  the  dawn  of  another  day. 
His  last  words  were  :  "  O  Lord,  is  this  the  way  ?  " 

Dr.  Beadle,  without  the  advantages  of  either  college 
or  seminary  discipline,  yet  stooil  in  the  Ibremost  rank 
among  scholars.  His  thirst  for  knowledge  was  insa- 
tiable, and  he  was  a  scientist  of  recognized  ability. 
He  was  a  man  of  wonderful  personal  magnetism,  both 
in  and  out  of  the  jiuliiit,  and  his  diep  sympathy  with 
the  troubled  and  sorrowing,  and  his  ability  to  comfort 
them  in  his  ministrations,  gave  a  rare  power  to  his 
work.  Eemarkable  at  almost  every  point,  he  was  in 
nothing  more  so  than  in  the  fervency,  beauty  and 
pathos  of  his  pra.yers.  Here  he  was  inimitable.  The 
tenderness  of  his  manner,  the  majesty  of  his  thoughts, 
the  glorious  richness  of  their  expression,  his  d<(p 
sympathy  with  human  needs,  and  the  unwavering 
a-ssurance  of  a  Father's  love,  made  men  forget  every- 
thing but  God,  as  they  knelt  in  His  presence. 
His  sermons  were  rich  in  thought  and  beautiful  in 
expression,  clear,  simple,  full  of  the  power  of  the 
Holy  Ghost,  and  captivating  by  their  earnest,  forcible, 
fresh  presentation  of  truth,  and  by  their  great  spir- 
ituality and  helpfulness. 

Beatty,  Rev.  Charles,  was  born  in  County 
Antrim,  Ireland,  between  1712  and  171.5.  His  father 
died  w  bile  he  was  a  child.  He  came  to  Philadeli)liia 
in  the  Ciire  of  his  uncle,  Charles  Clinton,  in  1729. 
He  had  received  a  cla.ssical  education  in  Ireland,  to 
some  extent.  Reaching  manhood  he  engaged  in 
trade,  traveling,  as  was  common  in  those  days,  on 
foot  or  with  his  pack-horse.  Stopping  at  the  Log 
College,  he  amused  himself  by  surprising  Mr.  Ten- 
nent  and  his  pupils  with  a  proffer,  in  Latin,  of  his 
mirchandise.  Mr.  Tennent  replied  in  Latin,  and  the 
conversation  went  on  in  the  s;ime  language,  with 
such  e^-idence  of  scholarship,  religious  knowledge 
and  fervent  piety,  that  Mr.  Tennent  lurged  him  to 
sell  what  he  had,  and  prepare  for  the  ministry. 
This  he  consented  to  do. 

Mr.  Beatty  was  licensed  by  Xew  Brunswick  Presby- 
tery, October  13th,  1742,  was  called  to  the  Forks  of 
Xeshaminy  May  2()th,  1743,  and  was  ordainc<l  De- 
cember 14th.  The  Synod  sent  him  to  Virginia  and 
North  Carolina  in  17.j4,  and  he  accompanied  Franklin, 
when  he,  with  live  hundred  men,  came  up  to  defend 
the  frontier,  after  the  burning  of  the  Moravian  mis- 
sionaries at  Gnadenhuctten,  near  Lehighton.  The 
corporation  for  the  ^Vidows'  Fund  sent  him  to  Great 
Britain  in  17(iO,  to  collect  money  for  its  treasury. 
In  17G(!,  the  Synod  appointed  him  and  the  Rev.  Sir. 
Duffield,  of  Carlisle,  missionaries  to  the  frontiers  of 
the  pro\ince  tor  two  months,  and  in  fullilling  this 
.appointment,  the  former  pa.s.sed  along  the  Juniata, 
and  the  latter  went  through  Path  Valley,  Fannet  and 
the  Cove.  The  Delaware  town  on  the  Muskingum, 
one  hundred  and  thirty  miles  beyond  Fort  Pitt,  was 
visited  by  them,  and  they  found  a  cheering  priwpect 
of  a  door  opening  for  the  spread  of  the  gospel  among 
tlie  Indians.     To  relieve  the  College  of  New  Jersey, 


BEA  TTV. 


62 


liEATTV. 


Mr.    BeiUty  sailed   for  the  West   Indies,  but  died, 
AugiLst  13lh,  177'2,  soon  after  reaching  Bridgetown, 

ill  Iliirbadois. 

Baatty,  Charles  Clinton  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  was 
a  ilisc'indant  of  a  Cimily  well-known  in  Uevolutionary 
annals.  Ho  was  born  in  Princeton,  N.  .!.,  Jannarj- 
Itli,  1^(H1;  gradmited  in  Printeton  Collene  in  1818, 
and  in  the  year  1819  entered  PrineOton  Theological 
.Soiuiuary,  where  he  remained  three  years.  Ho  w;us 
ordained  by  the  Preshj-tery  of  New  Brunswick  on 
Oct<ilKT  2d,  182vJ,  and  pitised  two  years  as  a  missionary 
in  Kentucky,  Indiana  and  Illinois.  This  was  a  most 
sclfnlcnyin;;  anil  inrilous  work  in  those  days,  and  it 
r<i|uired  a  heroic  spirit  to  encounter  the  difficulties 
and  face  the  perils  of  the  wilderness.  The  young 
missionary  w;is  ciiual  to  his  work  and  its  require- 


I 


CIIAKIU  CLIN'TOS    BmAITT,   D.D.,  LL.S. 

menfs.  In  1823  he  bt-canic  jKustor  of  the  First  Pres- 
byt«-rian  Church  in  St<-ulK'nville,  Ohio,  and  served 
that  ehurcli  until  18:57,  after  which  he  beejime  jMistor, 
until  ]KI7,  of  the  Second  Presbyterian  Church  in 
the  K:une  place.  In  l-i-J!),  while  busy  in  the  duties 
of  his  pastorate,  be  founded  the  Female  Seminary 
which  has  furnished  so  many  women  for  spheres 
of  eminent  us«luhicss  in  the  home  and  the  Church, 
and  continued  to  be  its  ellicient  lu'ad  until  l-'T!),  a 
IK-rliMl  of  fifty  years.  He  wjus  also  a  Urtnrer  in  the 
Western  Theologicjd  Seminary,  and  w;ls  for  u  long 
series  of  years  the  President  of  its  Board  of  Directors, 
always  showinn  a  pnifonnd  interest  in  its  prosperity, 
i>f  which  "  IVatty  Hall"  is  a  xtaniling  proof.  In 
Hlii  he  w:ls  SliMlcnitor  of  the  Uenenil  A.ssenibly 
which  nut  in  Columbus,  the  i-ipital  of  the  State  in 
which  he  iiasseil  his  long  and  u.seful  life.      He  died  at 


his  residence  in  Sttrubcnvillo,  Octo1x>r  30th,  1882. 
Only  two  weeks  before  his  death  he  presided  at  the 
first  meeting  of  the  new  Synixl  of  Ohio,  and  w:is  an 
active  mcml)cr  of  the  body. 

Dr.  Beatty  w:»3  for  more  than  si.xty  years  a  mini.s- 
ter  of  ChrLst,  preaching  the  gospel  with  earnestness 
and  directnes,s,  and  fullilliug  all  his  duties  as  a  man, 
a  citizen,  and  a  s«'rvant  of  the  Church  of  Ootl,  with 
unvarying  faithfulness  and  success.  His  lite  was  a 
busy  and  useful  one.  Though  always  calm  and  self- 
possessed,  he  ■BTonght  with  a  steady,  unrelaxing 
diligence,  which  produced  great  results.  In  him  the 
thought  of  stewarilship  w  as  the  upjwrmost  and  ruling 
thought.  He  w:ls  a  trustee  for  his  Master,  and  every 
gilt  w;us  u.sed  as  a  trust  for  which  he  was  accountable 
to  God.  He  gave  munificently  to  the  cause  of  Christ 
and  for  the  welfare  of  men.  The  chief  objects  of  his 
Ijenefactions  were  the  Western  Theologic;il  Seminary 
and  Washington  and  JelTerson  College.  But  to  these 
he  added  gifts  to  churches,  and  to  great  numlR-rs  of 
the  suffering  and  needy,  many  of  which  were  known 
only  to  the  generous  giver.  The  sura  of  his  iK-nefac- 
tious  wivs  about  $.'>(>0,000. 

Dr.  Beatty  w:ls  not  only  a  generous,  but  al.so  and 
always  a  just  man.  His  integrity  was  unimiKach- 
able,  and  men  trusteil  liim  without  any  lingering 
doubt.  His  love  for  his  country  came  with  his  blood, 
and  his  love  for  his  Cliurch  w:is  the  love  of  one  lx)rn 
within  its  j)ale  and  serving  at  its  altars.  Go»l  sparcnl 
him  to  see  many  things  in  which  he  rejoieetl,  and 
permitted  him  to  do  much  for  the  i)rccioiLs  kingdom 
of  Christ,  and  in  an  honored  olil  age,  with  his  work 
well  done,  he  fell  asleep  in  Christ  and  went  to  1m3 
"  torevcr  with  the  Lord."' 

Beatty,  John,  M.  D.,  wxs  an  Elder  in  the  Prt's- 
bytcrian  Church  at  Trenton,  N.  J.  He  was  a  son  of 
the  Kev.  Charles  Beatty.  After  studying  mwUcine, 
he  entered  the  anny  as  a  private  soldier,  reaching  by 
degrees,  the  rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel.  In  177(i  ho 
fell  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy,  nt  the  capture  of 
Fort  Washington,  and  sulVered  a  hnig  and  rigorous 
imprisonment.  In  1T7!)  be  sueet-eded  Klias  Itoudinot 
as  Commis.sioner-t;eneral  of  Prisoners.  Al'ter  the 
war  he  si-ttleil  at  Priiufton,  where  he  pr.ictieed  nu-di- 
cine.  He  was  at  one  time  a  memlK-r  of  tlie  legisla- 
ture of  Xcw  Jersey,  and  the  Six-iiker  of  the  Ass«>m- 
bly.  From  17i>.")  to  18ft">  he  was  Secretary  of  State, 
of  New  Jersey.  In  1783  aiul  17>4  he  w.as  a  memlxT 
of  the  Continental  Congress.  Fnmi  May,  l-^l-N  until 
his  death,  hi'  was  President  of  the  Trenton  B.inking 
ComjKUiy.  Dr.  Beatty  was  President  of  tlieCom|Kiny 
which  built  the  noble  bridge  that  unites  Trenton 
to  his  native  county  in  Pennsylvania,  and  on  May 
24th,  1804,  ho  laid  the  foundation  stone  of  its  lirsl 
pier.      He  died  April  :tOlh.  1-^Jti,  full  of  honors. 

Beatty,  Hon.  Onnond,  LL.  D.,  son  of  Hon. 
Adam  and  Sjinih  I'-atly,  was  lM>rn  in  Mason  i-ountv, 
Ky.,  August  l:!th,  1-1'>.  In  IKW  he  entenil  the 
Freshman  class  of  CVutre  CoUegi-,  and  was  gr:iduate«l 


BEA  TTV. 


63 


BEATTY. 


in  1835,  having  been  advanced  to  the  Sophomore 

class  during  the  Freshman  j'ear,  on  account  of  his 
proficiency.  Before  liis  graduation  he  was  oflered 
tlie  Professorsliip  of  Natural  Science  in  his  Alma 
ilaler,  which  he  accepted.  Before  entering  ui)on  its 
duties,  however,  he  spent  a  year  at  Yale  College. 
In  1847  he  was  transferred  to  the  Professorship  of 
Mathematics,  which  he  held  till  1852,  when  he  was 
restored  to  his  original  chair.  This  position  he  held 
for  eighteen  years,  when,  in  1>*70,  he  wa.s  elected 
President  of  the  College  and  Professor  of  Metaphysics. 
These  various  offices,  bestowed  upon  him  unsought, 
he  filled  with  eminent  succes.s. 

In  18:i5  Dr.  Beatty  united  with  the  Pre,sbyterian 
Church,  in  Danville,  and  in  1844  he  was  elected  an 
elder  in  the  First  Presbj-terian  Church  in  that  place. 


HON.  ORMOND  BEATTY,  LL.  D. 

In  18,)2  he  became  an  elder  in  the  Second  Presby- 
terian Cluirih,  which  was  organized  in  that  year. 
He  was  a  Commissioner  to  the  General  Asscmbly 
which  met  at  Na.shville  in  18.")."),  in  St.  Louis  in 
18(iG,  and  in  Cincinnati  in  l-'liT.  In  1866  he  was 
appointed  bj-  the  General  Assembly,  in  St.  LouLs,  a 
member  of  a  committee  to  confer  with  a  similar  com- 
mittee from  the  New  J4eh(X)l  General  Assembly,  in 
regard  to  the  desirableness  and  practicability  of 
reimion,  and  to  suggest  suibible  measures  for  its 
accomplishment.  He  was  appointed  a  delegate  to 
the  First  General  Council  of  the  Presbyterian  Alli- 
ance, in  F.dinburgh,  in  1877  ;  aiul  was  also  a  delc- 
g-.ite  to  the  second  meeting  of  that  body,  in  Phila- 
delphia, in  18-*0.     In   l.-^-<2  he  w;is  elected  the  lirst 


President  of  the  College  Educational  Association  of 

Kentucky.  In  l8-<:i  he  was  appointed  by  the  Tru.s- 
tees  of  the  Theological  Seminary,  at  Danville,  to 
present  before  the  General  As.sembly,  in  Saratoga, 
all  the  facts  touching  the  history  and  pro.spects  of 
the  Seminarj',  and  to  show  leg-al  aiul  other  reasons 
for  not  disturbing  the  relations  and  control  of  that 
institution,  in  which  mission  he  was  successful.  He 
wa.s  appointed  by  this  same  As.sembly  a  member  of 
a  committee  to  confer  "with  a  similar  committee 
from  the  General  As-sembly  of  the  Pre-sbyterian 
Church  South,  for  the  purpose  of  securing  the 
co-operation  of  the  two  branches  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  in  all  mea.sures  which  could  be  more  etfeet- 
ively  accomplished  by  friendly  co-operation  than  by 
separate  and  independent  action. 

Dr.  Beatty  is  a  man  of  great  natural  ability  and  a 
profound  scholar,  possessing  a  mind  singularly  logi- 
cal and  practical.  A  man  of  remarkably  equable 
temper  and  a  speaker  of  rare  force  and  clearness,  he 
has  few  eiiuals  as  a  jiublic  debater.  As  an  instructor 
he  has  a  happy  faculty  of  imparting  knowledge,  and 
is  greatly  vcneratid  and  beloved  by  his  pupils.  Of 
quiet  tastes  and  habits  and  of  modest  and  retiring 
disposition,  the  many  positions  of  honor  and  trust  he 
has  enjoj-ed  have  been  thrtLst  upon  him  un.sought. 
Eminently  wi.se  in  coun.sel,  his  influence  is  deeply 
felt  in  ecclesiastical  and  educational  atfairs  in  his 
(iwn  .'<tate  and  elsewhere. 

Beatty,  "William Trimble,  D.  D.  The  ancestry 
of  "William  T.  Beatty  w;vs  Scotch-Irish.  He  was  born 
in  Fairfield  county,  Ohio,  June  1st,  18.34.  At  the 
ageof  seventeen,  while  pursuing  hisacaderaichl  studies 
at  Kingston,  Ohio,  he  united  with  the  Presbj-terian 
Church,  at  the  close  of  a  series  of  precious  re\-ival 
meetings.  He  graduated  at  Sliami  Vniversity  in 
18.57.  His  earliest  predilections  had  l>een  for  the 
legal  profession,  but  convinced  that  he  was  called  of 
God  to  preach  the  gospel  of  Clirist,  he  entered  njwn 
a  course  of  training  for  the  ministry.  One  year  he 
spent  at  the  seminary  in  Danville,  Kentucky,  but 
finished  his  preparatory  course  at  the  "V\'estcm  Theo- 
logical Seminary,  at  Allegheny  City.  He  w;us  licensed 
to  preach  by  the  Presbj-tery  of  ZiUiesvUle,  Ohio,  in 
April,  18.")!),  and  ordained  a  minister,  Jlay  16th,  1861, 
by  the  Presbytery  at  Greencastle,  Pa.,  in  the  church 
to  which  he  was  called  to  officiate,  and  over  whose 
people  he  was  installed  as  pastor.  In  this  field  he 
■served  about  two  years.  He  then  accepted  a  call  to 
the  First  Presbyterian  Cluirch  of  New  Brunswick, 
New  Jersey,  where  he  continued  to  labor  until  the 
Summer  of  1867,  when  he  w:i.s  called  to  the  pa.storate 
of  the  church  jiust  org-anized  at  Shady  Side,  Pitt-sburg, 
Pa.,  where  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  pastoral  life, 
from  1867  to  1880,  when  impaired  health  compelled 
his  resignation.  Under  the  ad\iee  of  physicians  he 
sought  the  climate  of  Jlinnesota,  hoping  for  restora- 
tion, and  while  strength  remained  continued  to 
preaili,  tii'st.  during  the  absence  of  the  pastor,  to  the 


ISK.IVKJ!. 


U4 


ISE.iyKli. 


House  of  Hope,  fit.  Paul,  and  then  to  I'!>Tnouth  Con- 
grcfKitional  (Inircli  of  Minneapolis. 

rh.vsi(".ill.v,  Dr.  llt'atty  was  a  man  whose  prcs<-nc<> 
anil  iH-arinjj;  arrested  attention  anywhere.  Jlis  in- 
telle<-t  w;is  stronj;,  clear,  niotliodieal  and  healthful. 
He  was  a  hrilliant  and  graceful  pul|)it  orator:  his  piety 
intelligent,  lo\-ing  and  earnest;  a  man  whose  life  was 


In  April,  1R46,  the  family  removed  to  Bellex-ille, 
Mirtlin  eoanty.  Most  of  the  year  1^49  James  s|H'nt 
with  his  grandfather,  in  Millerstown,  where  he 
attended  'ahool.  His  gr:indfatlier  dying  at  the  close 
of  the  year,  he  rejoined  the  family  at  Belleville,  a 
change  which  was  altogether  to  his  advantage.  Mr. 
McDonald  iHCanie  his  falhir,  friend  and  tutor,  and  to 
his  loving,  painstaking  lalior  with  the  Iwy  the  man 
owes  the  gronndwork  iipon  which  was  afterwanls 
erected  a  solid  and  liberal  education.  In  the  latter 
part  of  1S.V2  he  w:is  entered  at  the  Pine  Grove 
Aca<lemy,  and  his  progress  was  so  rapid  that  iM-fon- 
he  w:ls  seventeen  years  of  age  he  wa-s  able  to  enter 
the  Junior  Class  of  .TelTerson  CVdhge,  at  Canonsliurg. 
and  hold  his  own  with  his  cla.ssmates.  He  gnKluattnl 
with  honor  in  H.Vi,  Iw  fore  he  had  re.irhed  his  nine- 
teenth year.  His  cla.ss  numbered  fifty-six  men,  not 
a  few  of  whom  liave  achieved  distinction  in  the 
professions. 

Leaving  college,  yonng  Beaver  settled  at  Belle- 
fonte,  and  entered  the  law  office  of  Hon.  H.  N. 
Mc.VUister,  a  distinguished  lawj-er  of  that  place,  who 
died  while  a  member  of  the  Convention  which  fnimed 
the  new  Con.stituticm  of  Penn-sylvania.  He  applied 
himself  with  such  assiduity  to  his  studies,  that  when 


\nUJAH  TBIMBLB  BEATTT,  D.  D. 

per]ietual  sunshine,  and  who  carried  genuine  culture 
in  his  very  presence.  He  w;i8  a  faithful  and  wise 
Presbyter,  acting  for  a  long  term  as  Stated  Clerk  of 
the  Presbytery  of  Pittsburg,  and  as  Secretary  to  the 
Board  of  Directors  of  the  We.stiTU  Theological  Semi- 
narj-;  w;is  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Trust<H's,  an<l  an 
honored  Professor  in  the  Pennsylvania  Keniale  Col- 
lege, which  owed  its  birth  mainly  to  bis  jiirsonal 
ellbrtw.  He  died  at  Jlinneapolis,  Minnesota,  .\pril 
Kttli,  ]H8'i,  in  the  •l-<th  year  of  his  age.  Cut  oil"  in 
tlu!  meridian  of  life,  his  death  was  a  sad  loss  to  the 
church  and  the  community. 

Beaver,  Q«neral  James  Addams,  was  Uini 
at    Millerstown,    Perry   c<uinty,    Pa.,  in    \K\~.      His 
father,   Jacob  Beaver,    marrii-d   Ann   Kliz;i  Addams.  ' 
whos<'    father,    Abraham    Acblams,    had    come    from 


Berks  to  Perry  county,  al>out  tlie  year  H11,  and  jMir- 
ch:us<<l  a  trai't  of  land,  uiM)n  ]>:irt  of  wbi<li  .Millers- 1 
town  grew  up.  Jacob  Heaver  dieil  in  Millerstown, 
August,  Hid,  braving  a  young  family  to  be  brought 
up  by  the  nudher,  a  giMMl  woman,  of  noble  ehanicter 
and  intellectual  vigor,  who  made  hi'rself  the  omi- 
]ianioii  of  her  rhiblren,  and  taught  tliem  by  the 
example  of  an  undevialing  Christian  walk.  In  ls|."> 
the  widow  <if  .Taeob  Beaver  married  K'ev.  ,S.  II. 
McDonald,  a  Presbvteriaii  minister  of   Millerstown. 


OKNrtAL   JAMU   ADPAMfl    BKAVER. 

he  had  barely  naelied  bis  majority  he  w;u«  ailinitt<-<I 
to  the  Biir  of  Centre  county.  He  w;us  so  thoroughly 
gnmndeil  in  the  principles  of  the  law,  so  ]Kiinstaking 
in  his  work,  so  n-aily  in  sikkh-Ii  and  forcible  in  argti- 
inent,  that  he  at  once  ni.ade  an  impnwsion,  and  was 
aeiiiunted  a  yi>ung  lawyi-r  of  more  than  <irdin»ry 
|)roinise.  Mis  piT<eptor,  ri<'ognizing  his  merit,  and 
having  need  of  surli  assistano'  as  he  could  nnder  in 


BEEDER. 


65 


BEDFORD. 


a  large  and  impi)rtant  practice,  took  liiin  into  partnor- 
sliip.  He  is  still  a  prominent  member  of  the  Bar  of 
Centre  county.  In  1882  General  Beaver  was  a  candi- 
date for  the  Governorship  of  Pennsylvania.  He  is 
an  active  and  devoted  member  of  the  Presbyterian 
C'lmreh,  fills  the  office  of  elder,  and  is  enthusiastic  in 
the  Sabbath-school  work  of  the  State.  He  is  a 
gentleman  of  irreproachable  character,  of  great  popu- 
larity, an  able  lawyer,  ready  for  any  good  cause, 
and  one  of  the  finest  platform  speakers  in  Pinnsyl- 
vania. 

Beeber,  Rev.  Thomas  Rissel,  the  second 
child  of  T.  D.  and  M.  .1.  (Artlcy)  Beeber,  was  born 
at  Muney,  Pa.,  June  18th,  1S48.  He  graduated  at 
Penasylvania  College  in  1809,  at  Andover  Theologi- 
cal Seminary  in  June,  1872,  and  January  30th,  1873, 
was  ordained  as  associate  pastor  with  Rev.  Charles 
Beecher,  over  the  First  Congregational  Church  of 
Georgetown,  JIass.  October  27th,  1875,  he  was  in- 
stalled pastor  of  the  Mahoning  Presbyterian  Church, 
Dan\ille,  Pa.  Here  his  ministry  was  marked  by  an 
extensive  revival,  and  the  church  was  strengthened 
by  a  large  accession.  He  became  pa.stor  of  the  Second 
Presbyterian  Church,  Scrantou,  Pa.,  June  1st,  1880, 
which,  under  his  ministry,  has  enjoyed  remarkable 
growth  and  prosperity.  Sir.  Beeber  is  a  \igorous, 
evangelical,  earnest  and  impressive  preacher.  He  is 
deeply  interested  in  the  eau.se  of  Temperance,  the 
missionary  enterprises  of  the  day,  and  the  reform 
movements  of  the  age.  He  has  published  .several 
di.scourses,  including  "An  Historical  Sketch  of  Old 
South  Church,  Georgetown,  Ma.ss.  ;''and  "  History  of 
the  Second  Pre.sbj-tcrian  Church,  Scranton,  Pa." 

Beecher,  Lyman,  D.D.,  was  born'  at  New 
Haven,  Conn.,  October  12th,  1775.  Graduating  in 
1797,  he  then  studied  theologj'  with  Dr.  Dwight  for 
one  year,  was  licensed  to  preach  by  (he  Xew  Haven 
West  Association  in  1798,  was  ordained  in  1799,  and 
in  the  same  year  was  installed  piustor  at  Kast  Hamp- 
ton, Long  Island,  where  he  was  favored  with  three 
seasons  of  special  divine  inlluence,  in  which  almost 
three  hundred  souls  were  added  to  the  church.  In 
1810  he  removed  to  Litchfield,  Conn.  Here  his 
preaching  labors,  during  his  pastorate,  extended 
through  all  the  neigh Iwring  region,  and  here  he  wrote 
his  famous  "Si.x  Sermons  on  Intemperance."  In 
182(!  he  took  charge  of  the  Hanovir  Church,  Bo.stou. 
In  this  important  field  the  sincerity  and  spirituality 
of  his  )ireaehing  were  generally  acknowledged,  and  it 
was  attended  by  decisive  results,  in  a  re\-ival  of  the 
spirit  and  increase  in  the  number  of  evangeliuil 
Cliristians. 

On  the  22d  of  October,  1830,  Dr.  Beecher  was  unani- 
mously elected  President  and  l^ofes,sor  of  Theologj-  in 
Lane  Theological  Seminary.  So  devoted  were  the 
people  of  Boston  to  him  that  nearly  two  years  elapsed 
before  his  arrangements  were  made,  an<l  he  a.ssumcd 
nis  new  duties.  DecemlxT  26th,  1832,  he  moved  to 
Cincinnati,  w;us  inducted  into  his  office,  and  entered 


upon  its  duties.  In  the  Spring  following  lie  was 
installed  the  jjastor  of  the  Second  Prcsbj-terian  Church 
of  Cincinnati. 

After  giving  twenty  years  of  his  life  to  Lane  Semi- 
nary, Dr.  Beecher  ended  his  public  laliors  in  lrt.">2, 
when  he  returned  to  Boston,  and  afterwards  removed 
to  Brooklj-n,  where  he  lived  within  a  stone's  throw 
of  his  son's  (Rev.  Henry  Ward  Beecher)  house  and 
church,  and  where  he  was  for  some  time  an  honored 
landmark  of  a  former  generation,  and  an  object  of 
universal  esteem  and  affection.  His  death  scene  tvas 
one  of  triumph.  When  his  daughter,  Mrs.  Stowe, 
repeated  to  him  the  words,  "  I  shall  be  satisfied 
when  I  awake  in  thy  likeness,"  he  answered,  "  How 
wonderful,  that  a  creature  c;in  approach  the  Creator 
so  as  to  awake  in  his  likeness  !  Oh,  glorious,  glorious 
God."  The  last  indication  of  life  on  the  day  of  his 
death  was  a  mute  response  to  his  ivife,  repeating— 
"  Jesus,  lovorof  my  soul. 

Let  mc  totliy  bosom  fly." 

The  last  hours  of  his  earthly  sleep  his  face  was  illu- 
minated ^^■ith  a  solemn  and  divine  radiance,  and 
softly  and  tenderly,  without  even  a  sigh,  he  passed 
to  the  everlasting  rest. 

Beecher,  Willis  Judson,  D.  D.,  was  born  in 
Hamden,  Ohio,  April  29th,  18:3,8.  He  was  one  of  the 
seven  sons  and  daughters  of  Rev.  John  Wyllys  and 
Ach.sa  Judson  Beecher.  Both  father  and  mother 
came  from  the  ■s'icinity  of  New  Haven,  Qi.  Three 
of  the  sons  are  ministers  in  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  graduated  from  Hamil- 
ton College  in  18.)8,  receiving  the  highest  eUtssieal 
prize  and  the  valedictory  honor  in  his  class.  He 
received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  the  s;ime  institu- 
tion, in  1875.  After  leading  college  he  t;iught  three 
years  in  the  ■\^'hitestown  Seminary,  before  entering 
the  Theological  Seminary  at  .\ubvirn,  where  he  was 
graduated  in  1864. 

Jlr.  Beecher  was  ordained  and  instiiUed  in  the 
Presln-t<rian  Church  at  Ovid,  June,  186-1.  He  was 
Professor  of  Moral  Science  and  Belles  Lettres  in 
Knox  College,  111.,  from  1865  to  1869.  From  1869  to 
1871  he  was  i)astor  of  the  First  Cliurch  of  Christ, 
Gralesburg,  111.  He  resigned  his  charge  in  1871,  to 
accept  the  Professorship  of  Hebrew  in  Auburn  Theo- 
logical Seminary,  which  position  he  still  holds.  Dr. 
Beecher  is  a  diligent  student,  an  excellent  scholar 
and  an  able  WTiter.  Since  1865  he  has  written  many 
valuable  .sketches  and  articles  for  the  newspapers 
and  reviews.  In  1874  the  I're.sbj-terian  Board  ]>ub- 
li.shed  a  little  volume  by  him,  entitled  "Farmer 
Tompkins  and  his  Bibles."  In  1883  he  completed  a 
new  General  Catalogue  of  Auburn  Semimiry.  Out 
of  the  preparation  of  this  work  grew  the  Index  of 
Presbyterian  ministers,  published  by  the  Presbjte- 
rian  Board  in  the  same  year. 

Bedford,  Gov.  Gunning,  was  for  many  years 
an  elder  in  the  Presbyterian  Church.  He  was  a 
lawver  of  eminence   in   Delaware,  his  native  State. 


BELKyAP. 


BELL. 


In  17S5  and  ITf^fi  he  was  a  member  of  the  Conti- 
nental Congress,  ami  in  1787  was  a  memlxT  oC  the 
Convention  whieh  formed  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States.  Mr.  Bedford  was  a  personal  friend  of 
'V\':ushington,  Franklin  and  other  master  spirits  of 
the  lievolution.  In  1796  he  was  elected  Governor 
of  Delaware,  and  soon  after  w;vs  the.  first  appointee  of 
Washington  to  the  United  State-s  District  Court  of 
Delaware,  whieh  jxisitiim  he  held  with  distin- 
guished honor  until  his  death,  in  March,  1812. 

Belknap,  Aaron  Betts,  Esq.,  an  eminent 
lawyer  of  New  York  city,  was  born  at  Xewhurgh. 
X.  Y.,  December  10th,  1816.  He  was  ordained  May 
21st,  1846,  ruling  elder  in  the  First  Presbyterian 
Church  of  New  York  citj%  which  important  office  he 
filled  to  the  end  of  his  life.  He  was  also  made  Tre;i.s- 
urer  of  the  New  York  Presbytery,  TrciUsurcT  of  the 
Presbyterian  Hospital,  and  a  manager  and  trustee  of 
various  important  charities,  dis<harging  every  trust 
with  fidelity  and  ability.  In  1873  he  was  elected  a 
Director  of  Princeton  Seminary,  and  filled  that  ])osi- 
tion  until  his  death,  June  4th,  1880,  discharging 
all  its  duties  with  punctuality,  promptness  and  I 
fidelity.  He  was  often  a  memljer  of  ecclesiastical 
judicatories.  He  is  justly  siK>ken  of,  in  a  resolution 
adopted  by  the  PresbytJ'ry  of  New  Yorkj  as  an  excel- 
lent man  and  a  faithful  officer,  whose  fidelity  to  every 
tru.st,  devotion  to  the  interests  of  the  Church,  leg-.il 
counsel  so  wise  and  just,  and  great  usefulness  in  our 
judic;itories  and  Church  work,  endeared  him  to  all, 
and  made  his  death  a  lo.ss  deeply  felt. 

Bell,  Rev.  L.  Q-.,  w;is  the  pioneer  mi.ssionary  of 
the  west.  "  Father  Bell,"  as  he  was  called  for  many 
years,  WiW  born  in  Augusta  County,  Va.,  in  1788. 
He  served  his  country  as  a  soldier  in  the  war  of  1-<12, 
anil  had  an  honorable  discharge  at  the  close  of  the 
war.  He  entered  the  ministry  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  in  1X27,  and  after  a  short  jKTiod  .sj)cnt  ;us  a  , 
p:ustor  in  Tennessee,  he  devoted  himself  to  the  mis- 
sionarj-  work  in  the  new  regions  of  the  northwest. 
Here,  chiefly  in  Iowa,  he  labored  diligently  and 
successfully,  e.xjjloring  the  country  in  various  direc- 
tions, preaching  in  the  destitute  neighborhoixls,  g-.itli- 
ering  the  si'atten  <1  miinbcrsand  organizing  tbeni  into 
churches,  and  supi)lying  theni  with  tlii'  Word  of  Life 
until  he  coulil  ])nKUre  sonu' one  to  .settle  i)ermanently 
among  them.  This  done,  he  would  move  on  into  other 
regions  and  b<'gin  again  his  work  of  organization. 
Thus  he  ajH-nt  some  forty-eight  years,  chiefly  on  mis- 
sionary grimnd. 

No  man  hxs  done,  i«>rhaps,  .so  much  for  the  exten- 
sion of  <mr  Church  in  the  West,  a-s  Father  I'.ell. 
Nearly  all  tlu'  churches  in  the  Syno<l  of  Southern 
Iowa  were  gathered  and  organizi'd  by  him.  He  or- 
ganizecl,  in  all,  thirty-tliree  churches,  and  watched 
over  them  with  paternal  .s<>licitnde  as  long  as  he  lived. 
He  was  a  man  of  eminent  evangelical  spirit,  and 
always  d<-lighted  with  the  triumphs  of  the  Cross  of 
Christ.     He  was  characteriz<.-d  by  courteous  iK'aring, 


gentleness,  and  kindness  towards  all.  As  a  preai'her 
he  was  simple,  earnest,  and  solemn.  None  could 
doubt  his  sincerity,  and  the  deptli  of  his  convictions, 
or  fail  to  sec  that  his  soul  yearned  over  lost  sinners. 
In  1861  the  feeble  health  of  his  wife,  and  his  own 
advanced  age  (being  over  seventy  years),  rendered  it 
imperative  to  withdraw  from  the  kind  of  lal>or  to 
whieh  he  had  then  given  so  many  years  of  his  life. 
He  therefore  move<l  from  Fremont  county,  Iowa,  to 
Monmouth,  111.  There,  vi-ith  the  church  whose  ex- 
istenc<>  was  owing  to  his  labors,  and  with  affectionate 
kindred,  he  designed  to  spend  his  declining  years; 
but  still  he  labored  in  vacant  churches  in  the  vicinity. 
In  1867  his  beloved  partner  died,  and  although  urged 
by  his  friends  to  spend  the  remaind<-r  of  his  lonely 
days  in  rest,  he  afterwards  twice  visited  his  beloved 
churches  in  Iowa,  riding  hundreds  of  miles  on  liorst'- 
back,  rather  than  be  idle.  He  died  May  2()th,  18r,8, 
calmly  and  sweetly  falling  asleep  in  .lesiLs,  in  the 
eightieth  year  of  his  age.  Such  a  life  and  such  a 
character,  if  WTitten  out,  would  be  a  valuable  legacy 
to  the  Church. 

Bell,  Rev.  Samuel  Henry,  son  of  Samuel  H.  and 
JIarg-.iri't  Parish  bell,  was  lM)rn  on  the  ]>lantation  on 
Long  Creek,  N.  C,  November  l.">th,  184!t.  He  was 
graduated  from  Davidson  College  in  1870;  receive<l  a 
diploma  in  Ethics  and  Metaphysics  from  the  South 
Carolina  University  in  1871.  and  completed  the  course 
at  the  Columbia  Theological  Seminjiry  in  187:$.  He 
was  licen.scd  to  preach  by  the  Wilmington  Presbytery, 
in  the  Autumn  of  1872.  Ordained  by  S;ivannah 
Presbytery,  he  was  installed  p;ustor  of  the  church  at 
Brunswick,  Georgia,  Deceml)er  18th,  1883.  He 
accepted  a  call  to  Wrightsville,  Pa.,  in  the  Fall  of 
187.5,  and  l>ecame  pastor  at  Port  Carbon,  Pa.,  April 
26th,  1878.  He  was  settled  over  his  j>rescnt  charge, 
Milton,  Pa.,  February  22d,  18,-J2. 

Mr.  Bell  is  a  man  of  rich  mental  and  spiritual 
endowments.  He  belongs  to  that  class  of  Ixild. 
aggressive  thinkers  who  mould  opinion.  He  is  thor- 
oughly original  ;  his  ideas  and  his  metho<Ls  arc  his 
own.  He  brings  to  his  aid  in  the  pulpit  a  well- 
trained  imagination,  an  .ilMiunding  fancy,  and  a  in-ts- 
terly  skill  in  the  art  of  Engli.sh  expres.sion.  His 
thought  is  clear  and  Ibrcible.  His  s<rmons  are  manly. 
.V  robust  faith  in  the  divine  mysteries,  riix-ned  in  the 
sunshine  and  the  shower  of  a  varied  experience,  and 
mellowed  with  the  charity  that  conus  of  knowhslgi-. 
stands  out  in  all  his  disi'oursi's.  The  gospel's  inner- 
most spirit  kindles  every  period  and  gives  to  his 
utteranet'S  a  de<-p  human  interest,  which  never  fails 
to  stimulate.  His  spirituality  is  pr.ictical  and  real. 
He  has  a  large,  genial  soul.  .\n  iniiM>rtant  element 
of  his  strength  is  his  ability  to  mingle  with  nun  and 
win  them  by  the  worth  of  his  ])ersmiality.  He  is  a 
tJ^K^  of  the  many-sided  man,  who  finds  his  iM'st 
field  of  lal)or  in  ministering  to  the  throbbing, 
eager,  cjuestioning  intelligence  of  the  nineteenth 
centurv. 


BELL. 


67 


BENJAMIN. 


Bell,  Rev.  "William  Gilmore,  son  of  Hoses  and 
Mary  (Gilmore)  Bell,  w:us  born  at  West  Alexander,  Pa., 
December  11th,  1812  ;  was  gi-aduated  from  Washington 
College,  Pa.,  1836,  and  studied  theology  at  Princeton 
Seminary.  He  was  licensed  bj'  Kedstone  Presbytery, 
October  5th,  1837,  and  was  ordained,  May  •2.">th,  1840, 
by  the  Pre.sbyte:-y  of  Jlissouri,  and  on  the  .'«inie  day 
installed  pa.stor  of  the  church  at  Koonville,  Mo., 
where  he  labored  over  fourteen  3'ears,  until  relea.sed, 
October  11th,  1854.  During  this  period  he  also  had 
charge  of  a  seminary  for  young  ladies,  which  he 
organized  in  1843,  and  presided  over  until  Septem- 
ber, 1858.  After  this  he  organized  the  Union  Church, 
fifteen  miles  from  Boonville,  and  sujjplied  it,  1848-60. 
In  1860  he  removed  to  Texas,  but  returned  to  Mis- 
souri in  J186'2,  supplying  Warrensbiirg  Church,  Mo., 
1865-66.  In  1869  he  again  removed  to  Texas,  and 
was  one  year,  1872-73,  engaged  in  the  work  of  the 
American  Bible  Society  ;  suiiplied  the  church  at 
Georgetown,  Texas,  1873-74  ;  labored  as  Presbj-tcrial 
missionary,  1874-77,  and  supplied  various  churches 
for  short  periods.  In  1880  he  was  commissioned  by  the 
Board  of  Home  Missions  to  labor  at  Fort  Concho  and 
vicinity,  and  had  started  for  that  point,  when  he  was 
overtaken  by  death.  He  died,  September  23d,  1880. 
Mr.  Bell  was  an  energetic  and  laborious  missionary, 
a  solemn  and  impressive  preacher,  beloved  and  ven- 
erated by  his  brethren,  and  held  in  great  respect  and 
esteem  by  all  who  knew  him. 

Belville,  Jacob,  D.  D.,  was  born  at  Hartsville, 
Pa.,  December  12th,  1820.  He  graduated  with 
honor  at  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  in  1839,  and  soon 
after  pursued  a  course  of  theological  study  at  Prince- 
ton Theological  Seminary.  He  was  settled  for  a  time 
at  Phoeni.xville,  Pa.,  as  pastor  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church,  and  also  in  Maryland.  Having  accepted,  in 
1849,  a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Hartsville,  Bucks  county.  Pa.,  which  was 
composed  of  the  part  of  the  Neshaminy  Church 
that  withdrew  from  the  original  church  in  1838,  he 
was  installed  in  that  charge,  and  remained  its  pastor 
ten  years.  In  1850,  with  an  associate,  he  established 
"  Roseland  Female  Seminary,"  at  Harts\ille,  and 
after  a  year  or  two  became  sole  proprietor  of  the 
Institution,  which  continued  under  his  direction 
until  1863.  During  the  last  two  or  three  years  of  his 
residence  at  Hartsville  he  cea.sed  his  labors  as  pastor 
of  the  chi*ch,  on  account  of  the  failure  of  his  voice. 
Having  for  the  most  part  recovered  his  health,  in 
1864  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  pastoral  care  of  the 
Presbj-terian  Church  in  Holmesburg,  one  of  the  sub- 
urbs of  Philadelphia,  where  he  remained  three  or 
four  years,  when  he  was  called  to  the  church  in 
Mauch  Chunk,  Pa.,  and  in  1873  he  became,  by 
invifcition,  the  pastor  of  the  First  Presbyterian 
Church  in  Potts\'ille,  Pa.,  where  he  still  resides.  Dr. 
Belville  is  an  able  preacher,  a  faithful  pastor,  a 
valuable  Presbyter,  and  his  ministry  has  been  accom- 
panied by  the  Divine  blessing. 


Belville,  Rev.  Robert  B.,  was  of  Huguenot 
ancestry,  who  came  to  this  country  from  France  soon 
after  the  revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes,  which 
occurred  in  1685.  He  was  born  at  or  near  New  Castle, 
Del.,  in  1790;  obtained  his  literary  eduGition  partly 
under  the  tuition  of  James  Ross,  the  author  of  the 
Latin  grammar  then  commonly  in  use,  and  partly  at 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  studied  theology 
under  the  instruction  of  Dr.  Samuel  Stanhope  Smith, 
at  Princeton.  He  was  ordained  and  installed  pastor 
of  the  Presbyterian  Church  of  Neshaminy,  Bucks 
County,  Pa.,  October  20th,  1813,  and  continued  in 
this  relation  for  twenty-five  years,  beloved  and 
eminently  useful  among  the  people  of  his  charge, 
when  impaired  health  required  his  resignation. 
During  a  p<irtion  of  the  time  of  his  pa.storate  he  was 
also  engaged  in  teaching.  In  184.5  he  went  as  a 
commissioner  to  the  General  A.ssembly  at  Cincinnati, 
and  at  the  close  of  its  sessions  'NTsited  some  relatives 
in  Dayton,  O.,  where  he  died,  June  28th  of  that 
year,  aged  fifty-five  years. 

Mr.  BeUille  was  an  eloquent  preacher,  a  firm 
I  defender  of  the  doctrines  of  the  Cahinistic  system, 
yet  earnest  in  enforcing  practical  duty  upon  his 
hearers.  He  was  endowed  with  a  lively  imagination 
and  a  warm  emotional  nature,  and  possessed  a  com- 
mand of  rich  and  appropriate  language.  In  the  pulpit 
and  the  .social  prayer  and  conference  meeting  his 
ministrations  were  well  adapted  to  move  the  heart, 
improve  the  mind  and  arouse  the  conscience.  He 
was  able  in  prayer;  on  funeral  occasions  his  ser- 
vices were  peculiarly  acceptable,  and  in  sickness  and 
afl&iction,  in  joy  and  sorrow,  he  was  a  welcome  visitor 
in  the  homes  of  his  people. 

Benjamin,  Simeon,  was  born  at  Upper  Aqua- 
bogue,  L.  I.,  Jlay  29th,  1792.  After  pursuing  the 
mercantile  business  in  his  native  town,  he  engaged  in 
the  same  occupation  in  New  York  city,  and  the  same 
traits  which  brought  him  thrift  in  rural  traffic 
endowed  him  with  wealth  in  metropolitan  merchan- 
dise. Tlie  state  of  his  lungs  induced  him  to  choose 
Elmira  for  his  home.  There  he  employed  his  capital 
in  real  estate  and  banking,  and  probabU'  did  more 
than  any  other  one  citizen  towards  changing  the 
place  from  the  village  it  was  to  the  busy  and  pros- 
perous city  it  now  is. 

Mr.  Benjamin,  in  1836,  became  an  elder  of  the 
Church  at  Elmira,  and  held  the  office  while  he  lived. 
His  business  was  enough  to  engross  him,  but  he  kept 
it  subordinate  to  his  religion.  His  Bible  lay  near  at 
hand,  in  his  office.  He  was  faithful  in  closet  devotion 
and  family  worship,  and  in  attendance  upon  all 
meetings  for  social  and  i)ublic  worship.  He  delighted 
to  visit,  as  an  elder,  from  house  to  hou.se,  and  deemed 
it  a  privilege  and  a  pleasure  to  attend  ecclesiastical 
bodies.  To  the  improvements  of  the  parish  with 
which  he  was  connected  he  contributed  liberally. 
The  Kingdom  of  Ciod  at  large  was  actively  and  gener- 
ously promoted  by  him.     He  was  a  corporate  nu^m- 


]ij-:y.sox. 


as 


BEKOEX. 


bor  of  the  American  Board,  antl  a  Trustee  of  Hamilton  | 
CollfjiL'  and  Auburn  Thrologiial  Seminary.  Heg-ave 
Hamilton  C'<>llc;;e  SIO.OOO  towards  the  endowment  of 
the  chair  of  tlie  Latin  hmgujisjo  and  literature,  and 
left  it  a  legacy  of  $1<),(MMI.  He  also  devisc-d  ?10,0()() 
to  Anbum  Theological  Seminary,  $:!0,{K)0  to  the 
Pn-shytcrian   Board  of   Publication,  $2, (MX)   to   the 

Elmira  Orplian  Asylum,  and  to  be  di\-idcd 

between  the  American  Board  of  Commissioners  for 
Foreign  Missions  and  the  American  Tract  Societj'. 
To  I^lniira  College  ho  gave  $.>.■),()()(),  and  in  his  will  he 
provided  for  the  paj-ment  of  $■*(),()(«)  more.  Mr.  Ben- 
jamin died  in  ))eace.  Not  the  slightest  fear  disturbed 
him.  No  doubt  troubled  him.  He  tiUked  of  his 
dece:»se  as  he  tiilked  of  everything  else,  and  in  ItrtiH, 
like  an  undininicd  star,  he  rose  out  of  sight. 

Benson,  G-ustavus  S.,  was  bom  in  liiltimore, 
Md.,  in  18()(i.     ^\^len  he   was  six  years  of  age  his 


arirrwi'fl  s.  dknhun. 

parents  removal  to  Philadel])hia,  where  he  received 
his  early  education.  Hi'  sul>sic|Uintly  entered  th<' 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  gniduatcd  in  Irt-J,",, 
with  the  highi'st  honors.  Kntcriug  the  law  ollice  of 
the  lato  .lohu  M.  Scott,  at  one  time  Mayor  of  the 
city,  and  afterwards  a  .1  usticc  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  tlio  St;ite,  he  devoted  himself  !i.<isiduously  to  the 
study  of  law,  and  was  a<lmitted  to  the  Bar  in  1*27. 
He  never  practiced  however,  but  soon  iifter  his 
adnii:ision  to  the  legal  profession  he  engaged  in  the 
banking  business,  in  which  he  rose  to  proniinence  in 
the  financial  world.  He  died  at  his  home,  l.")I."> 
Spruie  street,  March  2"2d,  1HH3,  in  the  seventy- 
seventh  year  of  his  age. 


Sir.  Beason  w.as  a  man  of  remarkable  activity  for 
his  age,  continuing  in  the  discharge  of  imixirtant  j)u1>- 
lic  and  private  tru.sts  to  the  last.  For  fifteen  years 
he  was  a  valued  niembcr  of  the  Board  of  City  Trust.s. 
He  also  occupied  like  positions  in  the  Franklin  Fire 
Insurance  Company,  the  Presbyterian  Board  of  Pulj- 
lication,  and  the  Presbyterian  Board  of  Home 
Missions,  all  of  which  he  served  with  fidelity.  He 
was  an  elder  of  the  West  Spruce  Street  Presbyterian 
Cliurch,  and  very  active  and  useful  in  di.seharging 
the  duties  of  that  office.  He  g:ive  constant  and 
etlective  service  to  the  Church,  and  w:us  known  iLS  a 
generoiLS  contributor  to  all  it.s  missionary  and  Innevo- 
lent  schemes.  Ho  was  a  commissioner  .several  times 
from  his  l*resbytcry  to  the  tieuenil  As.sembly,  and  in 
this  Ciipacity  rendered  important  scr^'ice  in  that 
body.  Mr.  Benson  was  an  atl'able  and  dignified 
gentleman,  a  faithful  friend,  an  exemplary  Christian, 
and  highly  esteemed  by  the  community  in  which 
his  life  was  spent,  for  his  sterling  cluiraiter. 

Bergen,  Rev.  George  Providence,  w;ls  Iwm 
in  .Mercer  cnunty,  Ky.,  .January  1st,  l-'v!l).  Hegra«lu- 
ated  at  Centre  College,  Kentucky;  studied  tbcnliigj' 
at  Princeton;  was  suited  supply  of  First  Church, 
Co\-ington,  Ky.,  1848;  ordained  by  Presbytery  of  Cin- 
cinimti.  May  1st,  18.j0;  stated  supply  at  Springthile, 
Ohio,  1849, — p;ustor  1850-.57;  missionary  at  Omaha, 
Xeb.,  1857-.J9;  P.  E.,  Bellefont;iine,  Ohio,  18,-,!M!:t; 
Principal  of  a  ladies'  boarding-school  at  Mount 
Plea.sant,  la.,  1863-G4;  President  of  Birmingham 
College  18(i4-7(),  and  piistor  at  Birminghani,  la., 
18(!4-7(>.  Jlr.  Bergen  is  to  be  numbered  among  that 
noble  band  of  Pre-sbyterian  minist<'rs  who  have  been 
the  pioneers  of  education  in  their  respective  regioii.s. 
He  has  left  two  in.stitutions  in  Iowa,  founded  by 
himself.  Few  men  have  lived  of  a  sweeter,  gentler 
and  more  even  temiKT.  His  opinions  were  of  the 
firmest  texture.  He  had  an  opinion  on  aliiuxst  all 
subjects,  and  was  usually  in  advance  of  his  time. 
He  w:i.s,  in  a  markcil  degree,  a  spiritually  minded 
man,  and,  though  in  robust  health,  most  of  his  life, 
seemed  ever  to  live  as  under  the  immediate  i.ssue  of 
the  life  to  come.  He  was  passionately  fond  of  nature, 
and  wonderfully  observant  of  her  mysteries.  He  was 
a  sound  and  instructive  preacher,  and  used  no  notes. 
Ho  died  April  11th,  lS7(i,  and  was  buried  at  Birming- 
ham, mourned  by  the  whole  conimunity  in  which  he 
had  livid  and  labored.  t 

Bergen,  John  G. ,  D.D.,  was  born  November 
'27th,  17!«l,  at  Hightstown,  X.  J.  In  l8tK>  he  ent»red 
the  Junior  Cla.ss,  at  Princeton  College,  and  in  I^IO 
was  appointed  Tutor  in  the  XiLstitution,  resigning  the 
pasition  in  1812.  He  w;is  licensed  to  preach  by  the 
Pre-sbytery  of  New  Brunswick,  in  1811.  On  February 
17th,  18i:j,  he  was  installed  over  the  Church  at  Madi- 
.s<m,  X.  .T.,  and  during  his  )KUst<ir.ite  there  were  three 
revivals  of  great  magnitude  and  interest.  Kelea.scd 
from  this  ehargi-,  he  started  with  his  family  for  Illi- 
nois, September  'HA,  1828.     Locating  in  Springfield, 


BERGEN. 


BEBTEAM. 


he  preached  to  a  Presbyterian  Church  which  had 
been  organized  there,  January  30th,  1838,  by  the 
Kev.  Sir.  Ellis,  of  nineteen  members,  who  were  all 
the  Presbyterians  known  to  live  within  a  circle  of 
twenty  miles  around  tlic  town.  In  1829  he  formed 
there  the  fii-.st  Temperance  As.sociation  in  Central  Illi- 
nois, and  probably  the  first  in  the  State.  The  corner- 
stone for  a  church  edifice  Wiislaid  August  1.5th,  1829, 
and  it  was  dedicated  to  the  worship  of  God  on  the 
third  Sabbath  of  Kovember,  1830.  The  year  1834  was 
marked  by  a  revival,  the  first  in  Springfield.  Shortly 
after,  a  movement  for  a  second  church  originated, 
and  Mr.  Bergen  was  installed  its  pa.stor,  November 
2.5th,  1835.  A  new  house  was  commenced  in  1840, 
and  dedicated  November  9th,  1843.  In  1847  there 
was  a  precious  re^■ival  of  religion. 


'^mm^ 


JOHN    BEHGEV,  D.  D. 


Tlie  pastoral  relation  of  Mr.  Bergen  was  dissolved 
September  27th,  1848,  and  from  that  time  his  active 
life  ceased.  He  devoted  him.self  to  -(vriting  for  the 
press,  and  to  mis.sionaFy  effort  among  feeble  churches 
here  and  there.  During  the  twenty  years  of  his  life 
in  Illinois,  about  five  hundred  members  had  been 
received  into  the  Church  in  Springfield,  and  six 
churches  organized  in  the  county.  He  was  for  many 
years  a  director  of  the  Theological  Seminary  of  the 
Northwest,  at  Chicago.  He  took  an  active  part  in 
the  reunion  movement  of  the  Church,  and  was  made 
Moderator  of  the  reunited  Synod  of  Hlinois,  in  July, 
1870.  He  died,  January  17th,  1872.  Dr.  Bergen's 
spirit  was  love,  such  love  as  made  him  willing,  always 
and  everywhere,  to  sacrifice  himself,  in  the  most 
wonderful  charity  for  those  who  diflered  in  opinion 


from  himself,  and  in  a  joyousness,  through  life,  like 
that  of  a  child. 

Berry,  James  Bomeyn,  D.  D.,  was  bom  near 
Hackensack,  N.  J.,  March  8th,  1827.  He  graduated 
at  Rutgers  College,  in  1847,  and  at  the  Theological 
Seminary  in  New  Brunswick,  in  1850.  He  was 
ordained  to  the  ministry  and  installed  pastor  of  the 
Reformed  Church  of  Piermout,  N.  Y.,  in  August, 
1850.  His  subsequent  settlements  in  the  Reformed 
Church  were,  at  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  1851-7;  Kinderhook, 
N.  Y.,  1857-63;  Jersey  City,  N.  J.,  1863-8;  and 
Fishkill-on-Hudsou,  N.  \.,  1869-70.  Dr.  Berry 
accepted  a  call  to  the  Presbyterian  Church  of  Mont- 
clair,  N.  J.,  in  1870,  where  he  is  still  settled.  He  is 
a  man  of  unusually  fine  presence,  and  dignified  but 
genial  manners.  As  a  pxstor  he  is  eminently  wise, 
fcithful,  successful  and  beloved.  His  manner  in  the 
pulpit  is  impressive  and  forcible,  and  his  sermons 
axe  characterized  by  great  soundness  in  the  faith, 
clearness  and  spirituality.  He  has  contributed  occa- 
sionally for  the  press,  and  several  of  his  sermons  and 
addresses  have  been  printed. 

Berry,  Rev.  Robert,  was  born  July  6th,  1812, 
at  Be^^^-plain,  King  (k-orge  county,  Va.  He  received 
his  cla.ssical  education  at  tlie  celebrated  school  of 
Thomas  H.  Hanson,  in  Fredericksburg,  Va.  After  a 
successful  practice  of  law  in  Biiltimore  for  some  time, 
he  entered  Princeton  Seminary,  in  1835.  He  was 
licensed  by  Winchester  Presbytery,  May  30th,  1838; 
labored  as  a  missionarj-  in  Warren  and  Rappahannock 
counties,  Va.,  nearly  two  years;  was  piistor  of  the 
Bridge  Street  Church,  Georgetown,  D.  C. ,  from  Octo- 
ber 3d,  1841,  until  August  28th,  1849;  w;is  stated 
supply  of  the  Church  at  Martin.sburg.  Va.,  from  April, 
1850,  until  September,  1858;  supplied  the  Church  at 
Canton,  Miss.,  for  eighteen  months,  and,  having 
declined  its  call,  returned  to  Virginia  in  April,  1860, 
and  resumed  his  labors  in  the  field  where  his  ministry 
began.  He  died  November  2d,  1877.  Mr.  Berry  was 
an  able  and  accomplished  presbyter,  a  sound  and 
learned  theologian,  an  earnest  and  instructi\^ 
preacher,  a  faithful  and  sympathizing  pastor,  a  mse 
and  judicious  counselor  and  a  true  and  constant 
Iriend.  His  courteous  manners  and  genial  spirit 
made  him  welcome  in  every  company,  and  his  varied 
excellencies  of  head  and  heart  and  life  attracted  to 
him,  in  a  remarkable  degree,  the  confidence  and  love 
of  all  who  knew  him. 

Bertram,  Rev.  William,  on  the  presentation 
to  the  Synod,  in  1732,  of  most  ample  testimonials 
from  the  Presbytery  of  Bangor,  in  Ireland,  was 
received  by  the  Presbytery  of  Donegal.  At  the  same 
time  he  accepted  an  invitation  to  settle  at  Paxton 
\  and  Derry,  and  was  installed,  November  15th,  1732, 
at  the  meeting  house  on  Swatara.  The  congrega- 
tions executed  to  him  the  right  and  title  to  the 
Indian  town  they  had  purchased.  On  the  settlement 
of  Mr.  Bertram  the  congreg;xtion  on  Swatara  took  the 
name  of  Derr}-,  and  the  upper  congregation,  on  Fish- 


BERTRON. 


70 


BETH  AX  y  CHLRCH. 


ing  Crec'k,  was  styled  Paxton.  Desiring  leave  to 
conline  hirasi'irto  one  congregation,  Derry  eng:iged  to 
pay  him  sixty  jioumiI-s,  in  lu-inp,  corn,  linen  j-arn  and 
cloth,  and  he  w;ui  released  from  the  care  of  Paxton, 
September  13th,  173G.  He  died,  May  3d,  1746,  aged 
seventy-two,  and  "  his  tomb  may  lie  seen  by  leaving 
the  main  road,  near  Hummellstowq,  and  traversing 
the  cool,  cleiir  Spring  Creek,  to  Dixon's  Ford,  where 
stands  the  venerable  Derry  meeting  house,  on  the 
Ixinks  of  the  SwaUira."  Mr.  Bertram's  son  was  Sur- 
veyor tu -niral  of  Pennsylvania. 

Bertron,  Rev.  Samuel  Reading,  w:i.s  born  in 
Phila<lelphia,  Pa.,  December  17th,  1-JOU;  gradiuited 
at  New  Jersey  College  in  1838;  was  ordained  an 
evangelist  by  the  Presbytery  of  Philadelphia,  April 
2'2d,  1831;  wxs  sUited  supply  of  the  Second  Church 
of  Kensington,  Philadelphia,  1831-3,  and  agent  of  the 


this  first  meeting  was  held,"  writes  one  of  the  founders, 
"will  doubtless  never  Ije  forgotten  by  tho.se  who  were 
present.  No  seats  hxiWng  Ix-en  provided,  the  children 
were  stuudingin  a  row  around  the  room,  when  Mr. 
Kincaid,  the  owner  of  the  house,  entered,  and  said  he 
was  sorry  he  had  no  benches  to  give  us,  but  there 
[  were  some  pieces  of  scantling  in  the  cellar,  to  which 
!  we  were  welcome.  His  kind  offer  was  gla<Ily 
accepted,  and  the  rough  boards  arranged  on  bricks  in 
the  centre  of  the  room,  in  such  a  way  xs  to  form  a 
square,  and  thus  the  children  sat  and  s:ing  their  first 
Sabbath-s<.hix>l  hymn. " 

It  was  not  long  IxMbre  the  rooms,  halls  and  stair- 
ways were  crowded  with  scholars,  and  the  question 
what  to  do  with  the  children  became  a  Serious  one. 
The  erection  of  a  tent  w;is  resolved  ujion,  and  on  the 
18th  of  July,  IHoS,  a  tent,  erected  on  the  north  side 


BETHANT   rRM8TTERIA!(   CSDRCB    AXD  MBBATH    MIIOOI. 


American  Sunday  School  Union  in  >[ississippi,  in 
1831.  Near  the  clo.se  of  thi.s  year  he  became  a  resi- 
dent of  Port  Cibson,  Miss.,  and  continued  .so  until 
his  death,  Uctobir  7tli,  187-<,  jireaching  in  neighlmr- 
ing  chnrchrs  us  he  had  op]>ortunity.  Towards  the 
close  of  his  life  he  t<K>k  a  lively  interest  in  establish- 
ing CliamlHTlain  Hunt  College,  in  Port  Gibson,  and 
W!us  elected  its  prl^sillent.  Mr.  Bertron  had  an  active 
and  vigorous  mind.  His  tastes  were  cultivated  and 
refined.  He  was  a  man  of  large  intelligi'nee,  ardent 
nature,  deep  emotions  and  broad  sympathies.  As  a 
lireachcrlH  |>"ssiss.il  intich  more  thanorcliiiaryability. 
Bethany  Preabyteiian  Church  and  Sab- 
bath School,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  On  the  second 
.Sabbath  of  February  (February  1 1th ),  Irt.'i.'^,  a  Sablmth 
school  Wiis  o|H'ned  in  two  second-story  rooms  of  the 
liousi'  'ilXt  South  Strci't,  with  twenty-,seven  wbolars 
and  two  teachers.     "The  circumstanci-s  under  which 


of  South  street,  west  of  Twenty-first  street,  was 
oi>entd  for  religious  serxnces,  and  a  sermon  preachetl 
in  the  morning,  by  Rev.  Dr.  fballen.  In  the  atter- 
nixm  over  three  hundred  children,  with  many  of  their 
parents,  a-s-senibled  in  the  new  8<>bool-room.  The 
evening  service  w:is  a  very  prei-ious  one,  a  bles-sed 
earnest  of  better  things  to  come.  The  canvas  church 
wivH  crowded  with  a  motley  audience.  Old  peo))le 
tottering  on  the  verge  of  the  grave,  mothers  with 
children  in  their  arms,  young  men  and  maidens,  all 
eagerly  listened  to  the  gos|Ml  xs  there  preached. 

So  great  wxh  the  success  of  the  work  during  the 

I  Summer  months  that  a  portion  of  the  lot  on  which 

'  the   tent   was   pitched   wxs  purelixsi-d    from    Mr.   K. 

Dunning,  who  had  kindly  given  the  use  of  the  ground 

I  for  the  tent;  and  on  the  l^th  of  Octoln-r  the  corner- 

sf<me  for  a  chapel  was  laid,  with  appn>priate  Rer\iees. 

After  the  history  of  the  enterjirist'  bad  ln-en  read  by 


BETHAXV  cnvRcn. 


71 


BETHEL  CHURCH. 


Mr.  John  Wanamaker,  the  Superintendent,  addresses 
were  di'liverod  by  Rev.  Drs.  Lcyburn,  Brainerd, 
Chambers  and  McLeod. 

During  tlie  winter,  and  ■nliile  the  chapel  was  being 
built,  the  school  met,  first,  in  the  depot  of  the  Pas- 
senger Railway,  and  afterwards  in  the  public  school- 
house  on  Twenty-third  street.  The  chapel  cost 
about  §.3700,  and  measured  forty  by  sixty  feet. 

On  the  27th  of  January,  18o9,  the  Bethany  Chapel 
was  dedicatt'd,  with  appropriate  ser\-ices;  and  on  the 
following  Sabbath  the  Sabbath  School  met  in  the 
new  house,  with  two  hundred  and  seventy-four 
scholars  and  seventeen  teachers,  although  less  thau  a 
year  had  elapsed  since  its  commencement  with 
twenty-seven  scholars  and  two  teachers.  Tlie  school 
assembled  every  Sabbath  morning  and  afternoon,  and 
in  the  evening  there  was  preaching.  On  the  4th  of 
January,  1862,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Blanvelt  commenced 
his  labors  a.s  a  missionary  in  connection  with  the 
cnterijrise.  After  laboring  faithfully  for  a  year,  he 
resigned,  that  he  might  go  as  a  missionary  to  a  foreign 
Held.  He  was  a  good  man,  and  loved  by  all  the 
pe(>i>le. 

After  an  interval  of  a  few  years,  the  Rev.  S.  T. 
Lo^vrie  was  called  to  labor  in  the  chapel.  His  first 
sermon  was  preached  JIarch  25th,  1865  ;  and  on  the 
19th  of  August  following  lie  commenced  active  labors 
among  the  people.  On  the  25th  of  September,  the 
same  j'ear,  a  Presbyterian  Church  was  organized, 
under  the  care  of  the  Presbytery  of  Philadelphia, 
Old  School.  The  installation  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Lo%\Tie 
took  phiee  November  11th,  the  sermon  being  preached 
by  Rev.  II.  A.  Boardman,  D.  D. 

Under  the  ministry  of  Jlr.  Lowrie  the  enterprise 
rapidly  prospered,  so  that  the  chapel  became  too 
strait,  and  various  measures  were  adopted  to  accom- 
modate the  throngs  who  sought  to  worship  there. 
At  hist  it  was  decided  to  erect  a  more  commodious 
building,  and  the  large  lot  embracing  the  end  of  the 
block,  at  the  southeast  corner  of  Twenty-second  and 
Shippen  (now  Baiubridge)  streets,  running  back  to 
Pemberton  street,  and  fronting  on  Shippen  street  one 
hundred  and  twelve  feet,  and  on  Twenty-second  street 
one  hundred  and  thirty-eight  and  one-half  feet,  was 
selected  as  the  best  location,  where  the  corner-stone 
of  a  new  and  larger  building  was  laid,  with  appropriate 
serrices;  and  on  Tluirsday,  February  13th,  1870,  the 
new  chapel  was  dedicated. 

In  1869  the  Rev.  S.  T.  Lowrie  resigned,  that  he 
might  accept  a  call  to  the  p;i.storate  of  the  Presby- 
terian Church  at  Abingdon,  Pa. ;  and  in  January, 
1870,  Rev.  J.  R.  MUler,  of  Newcastle,  Pa.,  became 
the  pastor.  Mr.  Sliller  proved  himself  a  very  effi- 
cient pa.stor,  and  when  he  was  constrained  to  resign, 
at  the  close  of  1878,  to  accept  a  call  to  a  church  at 
Rock  Island,  Illinois,  he  carried  with  him  the  love 
and  respect  of  the  people.  In  the  month  of  June, 
'  1879,  a  call  was  made  out  to  the  Rev.  James  B. 
Dunn,  i>.  D.,  of  Boston,  who  had  beeu  compelled  to 


leave  that  city,  owing  to  ill  health.  On  the  first 
Sabbath  of  October,  1879,  Dr.  Dunn  commenced  his 
ministrations  at  Bethany.  After  Dr.  Dunn's  resig- 
nation, the  present  pastor.  Dr.  A.  T.  Pierson,  was 
elected,  and  was  installed  November  25th,  1883. 
The  Bethany  Church  building  has  a  front  of  one 
hundred  feet,  with  a  depth  of  one  hundred  and 
thirty-eight  and  one-half  feet.  The  seating  capa- 
city is  eighteen  hundred.  The  Sabbatli-scliool  build- 
ing covers  tlie  entire  end  of  the  block  at  Twenty- 
second  street  ;  embraces  forty-eight  rooms,  with  a 
seating  eajiacity  of  three  thous;iiul  and  twenty  adults 
and  children.  The  cost  of  the  ground  and  buiUlings 
wjis  over  $200,000.  The  school,  at  present,  h;is  forty- 
six  officers,  ninety-seven  teachers,  t^vo  thousand  and 
eight.v-six  scholars. 

Bethel  Church,  Fayette  County,  Ken- 
tucky. There  is  no  section  of  tlie  Presbrterian 
Church  on  the  American  continent  whose  history  has 
been  more  interesting  or  more  eventful  than  tlut 
planted  in  Kentucky  by  the  early  pioneers.  Their 
elevated  and  indomitable  spirit,  their  love  of  liberty, 
both  civil  and  religious,  is  traced  back  through  Penn- 
sylvania and  the  Valley  of  Virginia,  across  the  broad 
ocean,  to  the  north  of  Ireland  and  to  the  heath-clad 
hills  of  Scotland,  where  the  heroic  few  stood  up 
against  fearful  odds,  and  mainfciined,  with  unflinch- 
ing couiage  "  Clii-Ufs  Crown  and  Coii-nant." 

Three  generations  ago  the  silence  of  what  was  then 
a  tangled  wilderness  was  broken  only  by  the  howl  of 
the  wild  beast  or  the  war-whoop  of  the  red  savage. 
The  dark  forests,  the  impenetrable  canebrakes  and 
thickets,  were  stoutly  disputing  with  men  armed 
with  the  axe,  the  rifle  and  firebrand,  their  right  to  the 
virgin  soil. 

Gradually,  but  sullenly  and  reluctantly,  the  Indian 
Ix'gan  his  retreat  before  advancing  civilization,  fight- 
ing his  way  towards  the  more  remote  hiuiting 
grouiuls.  The  intercourse  of  these  early  settlers 
with  the  remote  Eastern  States  was  conducted  in  a 
slow,  primitive  style.  Then  the  merchants  rode  on 
hoi-seback  to  Philadelphia,  carrying  their  money  in 
saddle-bags,  toiling  weary  days  and  nights  through 
the  forests  and  along  the  rugged  sides  of  the  Alle- 
ghenies,  content  to  make  their  journey  in  thirty  days, 
and  wait  patiently  thirty  or  forty  more  for  their 
wares  and  merchandi.se,  transixirted  on  pa<-k-mules, 
winding  their  way  through  by-paths  and  blazed 
roads. 

But  now,  where  once  the  red  man  built  his  council 
fires  and  danced  to  his  war-song,  the  wilderness  has 
been  reclaimed  and  made  to  blossom  as  the  rose. 
■VNTiere  once  stood  the  majestic  forest,  now  stands  the 
stately  edifice  where  God  is  worshiped,  the  Bible 
read  and  truth  proclaimed. 

As  near  as  can  be  now  a-scertained,  Bethel  Church 
was  organized  in  the  year  1789.  Owing  to  the  fact 
that  the  early  Records  of  the  church,  from  1789  to 
1818,  were  lost,  many  interesting  incidents  connected 


BETHEL  rnuRcn. 


72 


BIDWELL. 


■with  its  early  history  cannot  now  Ijc  ruprodueed. 
Even  the  names  of  the  original  office-bearers  and 
mcmljcrs  cannot  now  !«.■  stated  with  accuracy. 

The  followiii';  ministers  of  the  gosjK-l  have  been 
pastors  or  stated  siipjilics  in  tliis  cliurcli  : — 

The  Kiv.  Samuel  Sliannon,  who  was  a  (iradnate  of 
Princeton  Collej;c,  and  admitted  a  memlM-r  of  Tnin- 
Bylvania  Presbytery,  April  2!nli,  ITt'il;  t<H)k  charge  of 
the  Betliel  and  Sinking  Spring  churches,  and  con- 
tinued p;ist«r  for  four  years,  when  he  resigned  and 
took  charge  of  the  Woodford  Church,  where  he  con- 
tinued preaching  until  the  year  1800.  In  the  year 
181'2  lie  volunteered  and  joined  the  American  army, 
as  cliaplain.  He  was  a  man  of  great  physical 
strength.  His  fist  was  like  a  sledge  hammer,  and  he 
■was  s;iid  to  have  lopped  off  a  stout  branch  of  a  tree  at 
a  single  stroke  of  his  sword  when  charging  through 
the  womls.  The  latter  years  of  his  life  were  spent  in 
missionary  labors,  chiefly  in  the  destitute  parts  of  the 
State  of  Indiana,  where  he  died,  in  the  year  1822. 

The  first  statement  made  on  the  present  records  of 
Bethel  Church  is,  that  the  liev.  Kobert  M.  Cunning- 
ham declined  preaching  at  liethel  about  the  month 
of  December,  1818.  As  Mr.  Cunningham  (who  was 
from  (leorgia)  commenced  his  labors  as  pastor  of  the 
Presbyterian  Churcli,  Lexington,  Ky.,  in  April  or 
May,  1808,  and  continued  in  this  relation  fourteen 
years,  the  statement  j  ust  referred  to  shows  that  while 
pastor  at  Lexington,  he  also  supplied  liethel.  On  the 
13th  of  June,  1793,  the  Kev.  Kobert  Marshall  (else- 
where noticed  in  this  volume)  was  ordaiiiecl  jiastorof 
Bethel  and  Blue  Spring  churches — known  at  an 
earlier  date  as  McConnell's  IJun  Church.  His  offi- 
cial connection  with  Bethel  Church  embraced  a 
period  of  nearly  thirty  years.  In  the  old  Session 
Book  of  the  chun'li  there  is  this  record,  June  16th, 
1832:  "Departed  this  life,  in  the  full  as.surance  of 
a  joyful  resurrection  to  eternal  life,  through  our 
Divine .Savi(mr,  Jesus  Chri.st,  the  Kev.  Ro1«'rt  Marshall, 
aged  seventy-two  yejirs,  and  the  forty-second  of  his 
ministry,  and  for  many  years  the  venerable  pastor  of 
this,  Betliel  Church." 

Kev.  .Simeon  II.  Crane  was  ein]iIoved  as  .stated 
supply  for  Bethel  for  the  year  1830,  for  two-thirds  of 
his  time.  In  the  year  1832  the  Rev.  J.  H.  Logan 
■was  employed  iis  stilted  supply  for  one  yejir.  He 
continued  to  prcjich  until  December  lltli,  1K56.  The 
church  was  then  vacant  for  nearly  two  years.  Dur- 
ing that  interval,  oce;Lsioiially  the  gos|R'l  was 
preached  and  the  ordinances  of  the  Cliurih  adminis- 
tered by  Kev.  .1.  Coons,  Kev.  ,f.  C.  Stile.s,  Kev.  X. 
H.  Hall.  Uu  thf  2(ith  of  March,  Is;}-<,  the  Kev.  J. 
H.  Logan  was  agjiin  invited  to  resume  his  lalM>rs  as 
Ht;it<'d  supiily.  He  continued  jireiiching  regularly 
until  June  20th,  ls.")0,  making,  in  all,  n  mini.stry  to 
this  cburch  of  sixteen  years.  Ho  died  January  1st, 
]8.")(),  in  tlie  fifty-seventh  year  of  his  age,  in  full 
faith  of  that  Saviour  he  so  often  preached  to  others. 

During  the  year  1850  the  Session  made  un.succe.ssful 


efiforts  to  procure  the  ministerial  services  of  the  Rev. 
R.  L.  Breck,  Rev.  F.  G.  Strahan,  and  Rev.  J.  C. 
Barnes.  In  the  year  W>1  they  succeeded  in  pr<K-ur- 
ing  Rev.  James  H.  Dinsmore  as  stated  supply  for 
six  months.  At  the  expiration  of  Mr.  Dinsmore's 
time  the  Session  informally  invited  the  Rev.  tJeorge 
Van  Eminan,  a  gniduate  of  Danville  Srminary,  to 
supply  the  pulpit,  which  he  did  until  the  next  meet- 
ing of  I*re.sb\-tery,  when  leave  w;i8  given  to  continue 
his  labors.  He  continued  to  preach  until  some  time 
in  May,  1852.  On  the  first  of  May,  1850,  the  Kev.  S. 
Yerkes,  n.  n.,  commenced  his  labors  as  st;ited  su]>ply, 
and  continued  to  render  this  serWce  until  elected  by 
the  General  .Vss<>mbly  of  l-'.")7  to  till  the  fourth  pro- 
fessorship in  Danville  Theological  .Seminary. 

On  May  1st,  18.58,  Rev.  Matthew  MeFeatters  com- 
menced his  labors  as  stilted  supply,  and  August  21st 
was  regularly  called  as  pastor,  but  in  the  Spring  of 
1859  declined  the  call  and  ceased  to  act  as  st;ited 
supply.  On  the  18th  of  June,  1859,  a  unanimous 
call  was  given  to  the  Rev.  H.  H.  Allen,  which  he 
accepted,  uniting  preaching  with  teaching  a  school, 
until  .\pril,  13th,  1^<(J1,  when,  on  account  of  failing 
health,  he  resigned  the  charge.  On  SeptemlKT  7th, 
1861,  Rev.  M.  Vanlear  accepted  a  call  to  Bethel,  and 
continued  pastor  until  April,  1873.  The  present 
pastor  is  the  Rev.  AV.  George,  who  was  elected  in 
May,  1873,  and  ■n-ho.se  ministry  has  been  largely 
blessed  among  his  people. 

Bevan,  Matthe'w  L.,  Esq.,  w:is  l>orn  at  Old 
Chester,  Delaware  cciuiity,  Pa.,  August  23d,  1777. 
He  was  for  many  years  a  commission  and  shijjping 
merchant — the  leatliiig  member  of  the  firm  of  Bevan 
it  Humphreys.  His  e.arly  religious  training  was 
among  the  Quakers,  but  he  was  baptized  anil  received 
into  the  Church  under  the  ministry  of  Dr.  J.  J.  Jane- 
way,  then  jMistor  of  the  Second  Presbyterian  Church, 
Philadel])hia.  Mr.  Bevan  wiis  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  Central  Presbyterian  Church  of  that  city,  and 
was  made  a  Ruling  KIdir  with  Messrs.  Alexander 
Henry  and  Matthew  Ncwkirk.  Through  the  influ- 
ence of  Dr.  .lohn  Breckenridge,  then  Com'SiKinding 
Secretary  of  tile  Board  of  Kducation,  Mr.  Bi'van  w;is 
led  to  take  a  deep  interest  in  the  c;iu.sc  of  eihu-.ition. 
On  the  death  of  Mr.  .\lexander  Henry,  Mr.  Bevan, 
who  was  long  and  intimately  connected  with  him  in 
educational  lalM)rs,  was  chosen  his  succes.sor  in  the 
Presidency  of  the  Board,  Septeml)er  2<1,  18-t7,  which 
position  he  filled  with  great  .icceptance  until  his 
de;ith,  DecenilKT  llfh,  1S19.  His  hospitality  was 
large,  and  his  generosity  i-onstant  towards  those 
struggling  to  fit  themselves  for  the  work  of  the  min- 
istry. 

Bid'well,  Hon.  Marshall  S. ,  was  Ixirn  in  Stock- 
bridge,  Ma.ss.,  rebruary  Kith,  1799,  and  moved  with 
his  father's  family  to  Kingston,  Upjier  Canada,  in 
1812.  He  studied  law,  and  when  allied  to  the  Bar, 
his  tiilents  and  integrity  pave  pnmiise  of  the  ilistinc- 
lion  he  afterwards  attained.     He  was  then  returned 


BIGGS. 


73 


BINGHA3I. 


by  the  Reform  party  to  the  Legislative  Assembly, 
and  chosen  Speaker  of  the  House,  which  rr'sponsible 
and  influential  position  he  held  for  many  years.  But 
such  was  the  disiilTection  of  the  dominant  party 
toward  the  Keformers,  that  Sir.  Bidwell  removed  to 
New  York  in  1838,  where  he  formed  those  business 
connections  which  he  so  long  and  honorably  main- 
tained. Being  early  converted  by  the  power  of  the 
gospel,  its  priucijjles  governed  all  the  purposes  of  his 
life.  His  Christian  philanthropy  was  manifested  by 
his  giatuitous  services  in  works  of  benevolence,  and 
his  endeavors  to  do  good  unto  all  men  as  he  had 
opportunity.  As  one  of  the  original  corporators  of 
the  Presbyterian  Hospital  in  the  City  of  New  York, 
he  evinced  a  deep  interest  in  its  prosperitj',  and,  by 
his  counsel  and  suggestions,  contributed  to  its  suc- 
cess. Grasping  with  strong  faith  eternal  realities 
while  in  vigorous  health,  he  shrank  not  at  the  pros- 
pect of  sudden  death;  hence,  his  prayer  was  to  be 
t;iken  away  when  and  where  it  pleiused  his  Heavenly 
Father.  That  prayer  was  heard  and  accepted.  With- 
out any  premonition,  by  an  imperceptible  and  almost 
instantaneous  transition,  he  died,  at  his  office  in  New 
York,  amid  the  crowded  marts  of  business,  October 
24tb,  1S72. 

Biggs,  Thomas  Jacob,  D.  D.,  the  son  of  John 
and  Sarah  Biggs,  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
November  29th,  1787;  graduated  at  Na.ss;iu  Hall  in 
1815;  in  the  same  year  entered  Princeton  Theological 
Seminary.  He  was  licensed  by  the  Presbytery  of 
Philadelphia  in  1817,  and  ordained  by  them  in 
1818,  and  installed  pastor  of  the  Frankford  Church, 
Pa.  His  pastorate  here  was  a  very  happy  and  useful 
one;  many  were  added  to  the  church,  and  a  number 
of  young  men  were  brought  into  the  ministry.  He 
accepted  the  Professorship  of  Ecclesiastical  Historj- 
and  Church  Polity  in  Lane  Theological  Seminary  in 
1832,  and  resigning  it  in  1839,  accepted  the  Presi- 
dency of  Cincinnati  College.  This  position  he  con- 
tinued to  fill  until  October  15th,  1845.  He  was 
President  of  Woodward  College  in  Cincinnati  from 
1845  to  1851.  During  his  presidency  he  ministered 
in  the  Seventh  Presbj-terian  Church,  Cincinnati,  and 
the  First  Church  of  "Walnut  Hills.  From  October, 
1852  to  December,  1856,  he  was  pastor  of  the  Fifth 
Church,  Cincinnati.  He  died  February  9th,  1864. 
Dr.  Biggs  was  a  useful  man.  A  beautiful  trait  in 
his  character  was  the  largeness  of  his  Christian 
regards.  His  piety  was  of  a  cheerful  tyjje.  He 
never  seemed  to  see  God  in  the  pillar  of  cloud,  but 
always  in  the  pillar  of  light.  Christ  was  so  near  to 
him  that  he  felt  no  doubts,  but  rejoiced  in  his  fellow- 
ship with  llini. 

Billings,  Rev.  Silas,  was  born  at  Somers,  Tol- 
land county,  Conu.,  August  21st,  1804;  graduated 
from  Yale  College  in  1829;  .spent  one  year  in  teaching 
at  Buckingham  Academy,  Worcester  county,  Md. ; 
studied  theology  at  Princeton;  was  licensed  by  Mid- 
dlesex Congregational  Association,  Conn. ,  in  October, 


1832,  and  was  ordained  by  East  Hanover  Presbytery, 
OctolK'r  19th,  1833,  as  an  evangelist.  He  labored  as 
a  missionary  in  Prince  George  county,  Va.,  from  Sep- 
temlx-r,  1833,  until  October,  1836,  after  which  he 
served  the  churches  of  Wooilstock  and  Strasburg,  Va. , 
as  stated  supply,  from  October,  1836,  to  the  Summer 
of  1846,  through  the  whole  time  teaching  a  classical 
school  five  days  in  the  week.  He  then  went  to  Jlor- 
giintowTi,  We.st  Virginia,  and  for  seven  years,  1846-53, 
had  charge  of  a  cl;issic«d  school,  at  the  same  time 
prejiching  as  a  supply  at  dillereut  jioints.  By  his 
energy  and  wisdom  he  here  built  up  a  large  and 
flourishing  Aciidemy,  which  has  since  grown  to  be  the 
University  of  West  Virginia.  He  then  bec;ime  stated 
supply  for  two  years,  1854-56,  to  the  Church  at  Bloom- 
field,  N.  J.,  and  afterwards  to  that  at  Orange,  N.  J., 
for  two  years  more,  1856-58.  Returning  to  Virginia, 
he  became  pastor  of  the  Elk  Branch  Church  at  Duf- 
field's  Depot,  on  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Iviiilroad, 
where  he  was  installed  pastor  August  17th,  1858,  and 
through  failure  of  health  was  released  April  23d,  1869, 
and  removed  to  Winchester,  where  he  resided  until 
his  death.  Soon  after  be  began  preaching  at  Elk 
Branch  Church,  he  opened  there  a  Semuiary  for  girls, 
which  he  continued  to  teach  imtil  1869.  Very  soon 
after  removing  to  Winchester,  he  again  opened  a 
Seminary  for  females,  called  ''Fairfax  Hall,"  which, 
with  the  help  of  two  of  his  daughters,  beaime  a  most 
flourishing  and  useful  institution,  and  so  continues  to 
this  time.  Yet,  so  long  as  was  possible,  he  sought  to 
preach,  and  gladly  rode  long  distances  to  supply  poor 
or  vacant  churches  on  the  Sabbath.  He  died  Janu- 
ary 8th,  1881,  at  Winchester,  Va.  He  was  a  man  of 
indomitable  energy,  a  laborious  pastor,  a  successful 
teacher,  a  man  of  truly  devoted  and  devotional  spirit. 
His  extraordinary  musical  gifts  added  much  to  the 
interest  felt  in  his  religious  services. 

Bingham,  Rev.  Samuel  James,  was  the  third 
son  of  Samuel  Bingham  and  Mary  JIuklrow — both 
of  Scotch-Irish  descent^ — and  was  born  in  Slarion 
county,  S.  C,  December  6th,  1829.  His  father's 
hou.se  was  the  minister's  home,  and  a  nursery  of 
piety,  and  thus  he  was  reared  under  godly  influences, 
wliieh  fitted  him  for  his  subsequent  life  of  consecra- 
tion and  usefulness.  He  graduated  at  Oglethorpe 
University  in  1852,  and  spent  two  years  (1854-55)  in 
the  Theological  Seminary  at  Columl)ia,  S.  C.  He  was 
licensed  in  October,  1856,  and  was  ordained  April  5th, 
1858,  by  the  Presbytery  of  Tuscaloosa,  and  devoted 
himself  with  great  ardor  to  the  work  of  preaching 
the  gospel  of  Christ,  even  to  the  very  last  Sabbath  of 
his  life.  He  spent  the  first  eleven  ye:xrs  of  his  min- 
istry in  the  county  of  his  boyhood,  ser\-ing  the 
churches  of  Eliz;ibeth,  Oxlbrd  and  Hadden.  Here 
his  labors  were  abundant,  faithful  and  very  successful. 
He  then  spent  five  years  of  useful  and  successful 
labor  in  Jasper  and  Newton  counties,  Miss.,  a  scat- 
!  tered  field,  in  which  he  had  to  endure  much  self- 
!  sacrifice,  which,  however,  he  always  bore  cheerfully 


BISHOP. 


74 


liisuor. 


for  the  Master's  sake.     Thence,  he  went  to  Enter- 
prise, Miss.,  and  during  the  five  years  of  his  miuistrj- 
there,  gathered  more  than  one  sheaf  into  the  Lord's  ' 
garner. 

His  Uust  field  embraced  the  place  of  his  residence. 
Moss  I'oint,  on  the  Gulf  Co:ist,  and  the  churches  of 
Ilaudshoro  and  Vernal.  All  these  churches  were 
built  up  and  .strengthened  through  his  eOorts.  A 
handsome  church  edifice  w:is  erected  at  iloss  I'oint, 
largely  through  his  exertion.s.  But  many  other 
churches  enjoyed  his  occasional  labors,  and  always 
with  profit.  He  was  deeply  imbued  with  the  mis-  ^ 
sionary  spirit,  and  was  fond  of  visiting  destitute 
regions  and  preaching  to  the  poor.  In  thi.s  branch  of 
laljor  he  was  greatly  blessed  in  Alabama  and  Missis- 
sippi. 

He  Wiis  very  genial  and  sociable  in  his  disposition. 
Wlierever  he  went  he  made  friends  of  all  classes. 
His  style  of  preaching  was  plain,  evangelical,  earnest : 
and  practical.  His  whole  soul  was  engaged  in  the 
work.  He  preached  to  win  souls  to  Christ.  He 
made  sacrifices  in  order  to  preach.  During  his  whole 
ministry  he  received  rather  a  small  .salarj'.  His 
ministry  w:is  emphatically  a  labor  of  love.  Of  a 
sympathetic  nature,  he  w;us  always  a  friend  indeed  to 
the  poor,  the  suffering  and  the  alliicted.  He  died 
June  2.'^th,  1881. 

Bishop,  Rev.  George  Brown,  was  the  son  of  the 
Eev.  Iv.  H.  Bi.shop,  D.  I).,  and  Aim  Ireland,  and  was 
born  in  Fayette  county,  Ky.,  two  miles  south  of  Lex- 
ington, Jlarch  :5(tth,  1810.  He  graduated  at  Miami 
University  in  1828,  studied  theology  at  I'rinceton,  was 
ordained  by  the  Presbytery  of  Oxford,  in  Noveml)er, 
1833,  and  was  pastor  at  Oxford,  Ohio,  1833—4.  In 
SeptemlKT,  1831,  lie  w:ui  elected  to  the  Profe.s.sorship 
of  Biljlical  Criticism  and  Oriental  Literature  in  the 
Indiana  Tlieological  Seminsiry  at  Hanover,  Ind., 
(now  the  Northwestern  Theological  Seminary  at  Chi- 
cago), and  in  this  position  was  permitted  to  labor 
about  three  years.  He  died  Decemljer  14th,  1837. 
Mr.  IJishoj)  was  eminent  in  his  Cliristian  character. 
Tlie  Bible  w:us  his  delight  and  con.stant  companion. 
As  a  piistor,  his  dignificil  liearing  commanded  the 
resjiect  and  affection  of  his  people.  He  never  selected 
a  text,  prepared  a  sennon,  or  entered  the  pulpit, 
without  first  ejirnestly  invoking  the  divine  blessing. 
His  prayers,  exhortations,  and  sermons,  were  largely 
com]K)si>d  of  Scripture  language,  and  were  pointed 
anil  <liscriniinating.  As  a  1'rofe.s.sor,  he  was  iu>t  only 
singularly  earnest  and  faithful,  but  beloved  by  his 
cla'usi'.s.  Every  recitation  was  opened  by  j)rayer  for 
divine  guidance  and  illumination,  and  the  first  day 
of  everj'  month  was  «<t  ai)art  for  8|K'cial  religious 
exerci.se.s.  His  contributions  to  religious  pur]K>.ses 
often  excee<led  twice  the  amount  which,  at  the  Ix.-- 
ginning  of  the  year,  he  had  set  apart  for  benevolent 
objects.  Few  men  have  given  so  great  promise  of 
nwfulne.HH  to  the  Church,  or  have,  in  so  short  a  time, 
accomplished  so  nuuh  for  the  honor  of  our  Master. 


Bishop,  Rev.  Pierpont  E.,  was  bom  in  Am- 
herst county,  Va.,  in  1803,  graduated  at  Hampden 
Sidney  College,  Va.,  in  1829,  and  at  Union  Theologi- 
cal Seminary  in  1833.  After  being  licensed  by  the 
Presbytery  of  West  Hanover,  he  was  ordained  p:Lstor 
of  Elx-nezer  and  Unity  churches,  South  Carolina,  in 
1834,  and  remained  in  Eln-nezer  until  184(i.  In  1845 
he  resigned  his  charge  in  Unity,  and  preached  in 
Vorkville.  During -six  of  these  years  he  was  at  the 
head  of  an  Academy.  Soon  after  leaving  El>enezer, 
he  jireachedat  Bethesda,  as  stated  supply  until  18.>1, 
when  he  w:is  installed  pastor  in  18oo.  Having  organ- 
ized Zion  Church,  he  preached  for  them  one-fourth 
of  his  time.  In  18.)6,  he  left  Bethesda,  and  became 
piustor  of  Bennettsville  and  Great  Pee  Dee  churches, 
and  i>reached  to  the  destitutions  of  the  neighborhiMKl. 
He  died  March  .ith,  lp59.  Mr.  Bishop  was  of  an 
eminently  j>ractic;il  turn  of  mind,  a  ready  off-lumd 
siK-aker,  a  faithful  and  laborious  pastor,  and  Ijeloved 
byalL 

Bishop,  Williani,  D.  D. ,  is  the  oldest  child  of 
Ebenezer  Bi.shop  (brother  of  Dr.  Bi.shop,  formerly  Pres- 
ident of  Miami  University)  and  Margaret  (Hastic) 
Bishop.  He  was  Iwjruin  ^^1litburn,  Linlithgowshire, 
Scotland, December  9th,  182.5.  At  nine  years  of  age  he 
removfd  with  his  ])arents  to  America.  He  gradiuited 
at  Illinois  College  in  1847;  .studied  theology-  at 
I'rinceton  Seminary;  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the 
Second  Prcsbj-tery  of  Xew  York  in  1850,  and  ordained 
in  1854.  From  1850  to  1852  he  was  a  membi'r  of  the 
Faculty  in  his  Alma  Mater,  and  the  next  seven  years 
Professor  of  Greek  in  Hanover  College.  In  1859  and 
1860  he  was  pastor  of  the  Presln-terian  Church  at 
LawTcnce,  Kans;is,  anil  the  first  President  of  the 
University  est;iblishcd  there  in  1859.  In  18«(l  he 
removed  to  Salina,  and  org-.uiized  the  l're.sbj"terian 
Church  there,  remaining  its  pastor  for  fouryears.  In 
1864  he  was  pastor  of  the  church  at  Highlands,  and 
so  continued  until  1869.  During  p;irt  of  this  time 
he  wjw  also  I'resideut  of  Highland  University. 
.^^ubseiiuently  he  n'turned  to  Sidimi  to  recruit  his 
health,  and  lV)r  four  yiars  w;ls  .8ujH-rintendent  of  the 
public  sc1kk)1s.  From  1875  to  1877  he  was  jiiustor 
of  the  church  at  IndeiK'udenee,  Kan.s;»s,  whence  he 
returned  to  Salina,  and  was  again  Superintendent  of 
schools  until  1882. 

Dr.  BLshop  is  a  man  of  fine  social  qualities,  of 
exceptional  scholarly  attainments,  and  varied  literary 
culture.  A  genial  and  somewhat  humorous  disixjsi- 
tion  li-nds  additional  interest  to  his  c<mvers;ition,  as 
well  iLs  to  his  jiublic  di.seourse.s.  While  devoting  the 
greater  jxirtion  of  his  life  to  e<Iucational  inten-sts, 
and  always  with  Rue<-e.ss,  he  is  at  the  s;>nie  time  a 
preacher  of  marked  ability  and  jMiwer.  In  clear 
amilysis,  logicjd  arrangement,  vigor  of  style  and 
elegance  of  diction,  his  pulpit  preparations  will  stand 
the  si-verest  criticism.  A  numlxT  of  his  addresses 
have  iK-en  published,  viz.:  "Original  Thinking," 
"  Scholarly  Culture  and  Character,"  "  Philosophy  of 


BLACK. 


75 


BLACKBURN. 


Education,"  "Moral  Culture  in  Schools,"  the  Cen- 
tennial Sermon  before  the  Synod  of  Kansas,  in  1876, 
etc. 

Black,  Rev.  John,  a  South  Carolinian  by  birth, 
and  a  graduate  of  Princeton  College,  was  licensed  by 
Donegal  Presbj-terv,  October  14th,  1773,  and  was 
ordained  and  installed  pastor  of  tlie  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Upper  Marsh  Creek,  York  County,  Pa., 
August  1.5th,  177.5.  On  the  10th  of  April,  1794,  he 
was  released  from  his  charge,  but  continued  to  preach 
in  various  places  without  any  regular  settlement.  Mr. 
Black  possessed  a  high  order  of  talent,  and  was 
especially  fond  of  pliilosophical  disquisitions.  He 
died  August  6th,  1S0"2,  in  the  exercise  of  a  triumphant 
faith. 

Blackburn,  Gideon,  D.  D.,  was  born  in  Au- 
gusta couuty,  Va.,  August  27th,  1772.     In  his  boy- 


OIDEOy    BLACKBURN,    D.  D. 

hood  his  parents  removed  to  Teuues.see.  He  pursued 
his  literary  course  under  the  direction  of  Samuel 
Doak,  D.  D.,  and  his  theological  studies  under  the 
instruction  of  Dr.  Robert  Henderson,  and  was  licensed 
to  preach  by  the  Presbj-tery  of  Abingdon,  in  1792. 

Mr.  Blackburn  e.stablished  the  New  Providence 
Church,  Maryville,  and  also  took  charge  of  another 
church  ciilled  Eusebia,  about  ten  miles  distant.  Be- 
sides his  stated  labors  in  these  congregations,  he 
preached  much  in  the  region  round  about,  and  was 
instrumental  in  organizing  several  new  churches. 
During  the  early  part  of  his  raini.stry  here,  his  situa- 
tion, from  the  exposure  of  the  region  to  Indian  depre- 
'dations,  was  one  of  imminent  peril.  In  1803  he 
undertook  a  mission  among  the  Cherokees,  and  his 


self-sacrificing  labors  among  them  were  followed  with 
excellent  results.  In  1811  he  removed  again  to  West 
Tennessee,  settled  at  Franklin,  took  charge  of  Har- 
peth  Academy,  and  preached  in  rotation  at  five  dif- 
ferent places  within  a  range  of  fifty  miles,  organiz- 
ing, within  a  few  months  after  he  commenced  his 
labors,  churches  at  the  several  places  at  which  he 
preached. 

On  November  12th,  1823,  Dr.  Blackburn  was 
installed  jastor  of  the  Presbyterian  church  in  Louis- 
ville, Ky. ,  where  his  lalxjrs  were  greatlj'  blessed.  He 
was  President  of  Centre  College,  Dan\'ille,  Ky. ,  from 
1827  until  1830.  He  then  removed  to  Versailles,  Ky., 
where  he  was  occupied,  partly  in  ministering  to  the 
Church  in  that  place,  and  partly  as  an  agent  of  the 
Kentucky  State  Temperance  Societj'.  In  October, 
1833,  he  removed  to  Illinois.  In  1835  he  wiis  an 
agent  to  raise  funds  for  Illinois  College  in  the  eastern 
States,  and  whilst  thus  engaged,  conceived  a  plan  of 
establishing  a  theological  seminary  in  Hlinois,  which 
resulted,  after  his  death,  in  the  establishment  of  such 
an  institution  at  Carlms%alle,  111.  He  died  August 
23d,  1833. 

Dr.  Elackbfim  was  much  above  the  ordinary  stature, 
being  aI>out  six  feet  one  or  two  inches  high.  In  his 
manner  he  was  easy,  gentle,  mild,  courteous,  affable, 

I  but  al waj's  dignified.     ' '  He  w;is, ' '  says  one  who  knew 

I  him  well,  ' '  not  only  an  eloquent,  but  laboriou.s  and 
successful  preacher.  Like  'NMiitefield,  he  loved  "to 
range, ' '  and  l)esides  many  extensive  tours  of  preach- 
ing through  various  portions  of  the  United  States,  his 
vacations  in  the  academy  and  college  were  uniformly 
spent  in  traveling  from  place  to  place,  often  preach- 
ing night  and  day,  and  uniformly  followed  by  weep- 
ing, wondering,  admiring  autUences  wherever  he 
went;  and  even  during  the  sessions  of  the  academy 
and  college,  often  have  I  known  him,  mounted  on 
horseback  on  Friday  afternoon,  to  dash  oflf  ten,  twenty 
and  even  thirty  miles,  preach  four  or  five  times, 
administer  the  communion  on  Sabbath,  and  return 
on  Jlonday  morning  in  time  to  be  in  his  chair  in  the 
lecture-room  at  nine  o'clock.     Very  many  were  con- 

I  verted  under  his  ministry,  and  many  churches  planted 
and  watered  by  his  indefatigable  labors." 

[  Blackbtirn,  "William  Maxwell,  D.  D.,  was 
born  December  30th,  1828,  at  Carlisle,  Ind.  He 
graduated  at  Hanover  College  in  1850.  He  was  a 
student  of  Princeton  Theological  Seminary,  1851^ 
licensed  by  the  Pre.sbytery  of  New  Brunswick,  in 
April,  1853,  and  ordained  an  evangelist  by  the  Pres- 
bj-tery  of  Lake,  September  28th,  1854.  He  acted  as 
supply  of  the  New  School  Church  at  Three  Rivers, 
ilichigan,  for  nearly  two  years,  and  then  became 
stated  supply  of  Park  Presbyterian  Church,  Erie, 
Pa.,  which  had  recently  been  organized.  The  next 
year,  1857,  he  was  installed  pastor,  and  continued 
in  this  relation  until  1863,  the  church  growing  rap- 
idly under  his  ministry.  In  1859  he  wrote  his  first 
book — "The  Holy   Child,"'  which  was  regarded  at 


BLACKWOOD. 


76 


BLACKWOOD. 


the  time  a  modt-l  Sunday-school  lx)ok.  Just  before 
this  he  had  traiLslat<il  Joliu  Gerhard's  Siicred  Jlodi- 
tatious.  "  The  Holy  Child  "  was  the  commeueiment 
of  a  series  of  hooks  that  llowcd  from  Jlr.  Black- 
burn's pen.  During  the  next  ten  years  he  wrote 
twenty-six  volumes,  chiefly  for  Suudiiy  Schools,  but 
of  a  high  order,  and  which  met  with  a  large  sale. 
Many  of  these  were  historicid  biographies,  in  which 
the  religious  and  pcditical  events  of  the  stirring  days 
of  the  Keforniation  period  were  interwoven  with  the 
individual  life  biographical ly  jwrtrayed.  In  order 
to  equij)  himself  the  more  com])Ietely  for  this  kind 
of  eoniiKwition,  in  18(J2  he  spent  several  months  in 
Europe,  visiting  the  places  most  distinguished  in  the 
Reformation,  and  collecting  books  not  obfciluable  in 
this  country  which  illustrated  that  period.  During 
this  time  he  wrote  articles  for  Magazines,  Reviews 
and  Cyclopedias,  mostly  of  an  historiad  character. 

In  lS(i4  Mr.  I'.lackbum  took  charge  of  the  Fourth 
Presbyterian  Church,  Trenton,  X.  J.  and  during  the 
four  years  of  his  p;istorate  the  church  increjised  in 
number,  and  through  his  exertions  a  burdensome 
debt  w:us  removed.  In  l-^liS  he  w:is  elected  I'rolessor 
of  Church  History  in  the  Theological  Seminary  of 
the  Northwest,  at  Chicago,  which  position  he  occu- 
pied with  great  acceptance  until  1881,  when  he 
accepted  a  call  to  the  Central  Presbyterian  Church, 
Cincinnati,  his  present  field  of  labor.  For  two  years 
of  his  Professorship,  18(J9-71,  Dr.  Bliukburn  was 
stated  supply  of  the  Fullcrtjin  Avenue  Presbyterian 
Cluirch,  Chicago.  In  187!)  he  publi.shed  the  "His- 
tory of  the  Christian  Church  from  its  Origin  to  the 
Present  Time,"  a  work  which  has  been  commended 
in  the  highest  terms  by  the  religious  press  of  all 
denominations.  Eiich  year  of  his  piLstorate  in  Cln- 
cinnali  he  has  delivered  a  course  of  lectures  on 
historic;d  or  religious  subjects.  For  ton  years  he  ha.s 
lectured  at  Sunday-scho<d  Institutes  and  As.si'mblies. 
He  is  yet  in  fhe  prime  of  life,  enjoying  excellent 
health,  to  whi<h  his  genial  manners  and  humorous 
disposition  contribute. 

Blackwood,  "William,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  w;us  bom 
in  the  parish  of  Dromara,  in  the  county  of  Down, 
Ireland,  and  educated  in  Lisburn  and  Duldin.  He 
graduated  in  the  Royal  College,  Belfa-st,  where  he 
also  pa.'wed  through  a  full  course  of  theology.  In  his 
undergraduate  course  h(!  was  distinguished  in  the 
departments  of  Logic,  Rhetoric  and  Belles  Lettres,  and 
also  in  Metaphysics  and  Kthics,  as  well  in  .Mathema- 
tics, in  etich  of  which  he  was  honored  witli  preniiums 
for  excellence.  Alter  being licen.sed  to  preach  by  the 
Presbytery  of  Dromore,  he  was  cjiUed  to  the  piistor- 
ate  of  the  church  of  Holyw<H>d,  near  BelfiLst,  where 
he  svu'cee<led  in  erecting  a  very  t;Lsteful  and  commo- 
dious church  edifice.  His  next  field  of  lalior  was 
Newc;istle  on  Tjnie,  the  comnuTcial  capitiil  of  the 
north  of  ICngland,  where  he  undert<x)k  the  organiai- 
tion  of  a  new  church,  and  also  succeeded  in  having 
built  one  of  the  most  perfect  church  edifices  in  the 


bounds  of  the  Cluirch.  lu  recognition  of  his  ser\-icea 
he  Wius  placed  in  the  Moderator's  chair  in  the  highest 
Court  of  the  Engli-sh  Presbyterian  Church. 

Dr.  Blackwood,  in  18.'>l),  became  jKustor  of  the 
Xinth  Presbyterian  Church,  Philadel]ihia,  in  which 
relation  he  still  contiiuies,  beloved  by  his  people  and 
blessed  in  his  minUtry.  Alter  the  sudden  decease  of 
the  Rev.  Richiird  Webster,  during  his  prejaration  of 
the  ' '  History  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  America, ' ' 
Dr.  Black w(M>d  was  iniluce<l  to  take  clutfge  of  the 
paj)ers,  which  had  been  left  in  a  state  <if  confusion, 
and  arrange  and  edit  them.  He  has  written  much 
for  magazines  and  other  journals.  His  most  exten- 
sive literary  work  is  a  very  large  and  elaborate 
encyclopaedia,  which  is  historical,  theological,  col- 
legiate, antiquarian,  architectural  and  biblical  in  its 
character,  and  indicates  both  research  and  erudition. 


VIIUAV   BLACKWonD,  D.D.,  LI.D. 

Dr.  Blackwoo<l  h:is  a  fine  clerical  appearance,  is 

dignifu^d  in  l\is  manner,  and  is  of  a  very  iH>urteous, 
genial  and  gentlemanly  spirit.  Though  he  never 
fails  to  indulge  his  strong  literary  t;i.stes,  he  is  a  h.ird 
worker  in  his  jirofession,  doing  ample  justice  to  his 
large  congreg.ition,  lM)th  in  ]iulpit  ministration  and 
IKistoral  visitiition.  His  siTuions  are  solid,  Scriptuml, 
.sound,  lx>aring  the  impress  of  his  vigorous  intellect 
and  afl'ectionate  heart.  As  a  Presbyter  he  is  faithl'ul 
in  the  discluirge  of  duty,  and  is  always  listeneil  to 
by  his  brethren  with  the  attention  to  which  he  is 
entitled  by  his  ext<>nsive  learning,  mature  experience 
and  excellent  chanict<'r.  In  the  ciimmunity  in  which 
he  has  spent  the  third  of  a  century  an  a  custodian  of 
the  high  interests  of  the  gospel,  he  has  wieldetl  a 


BLAIX. 


BLAIR. 


jjotent  influence  for  good,  and  achieved  a  reputation  ( 
such  as  <»)ily  real  worth  can  gain.  i 

Blain,  Rev.  Daniel,  was  born  iu  Cumberland 
county,  Va.,  November  20tli,  1838..  He  is  the  eldest 
son  of  the  Rev.  Samuel  Blain  and  Susan  J.  (Harri.son) 
Blain.  He  graduated,  in  18.j8,  at  Washington  College, 
Va.  (now  Wa-shington  and  Lee  University).  He  pur- 
sued his  theological  studies  at  Union  Seminary,  Va., 
and  was  licensed  by  Lexington  Presbytery,  Septem- 
ber 2'2d,  ISUfi.  November  SDth,  18G7,  he  was  ordained 
to  the  ministry  and  installe<l  pa.stor  of  Collyerstown  | 
Church,  whence  he  was  called  to  his  present  pa,stor- 
ate  atC'hristiansburg,Va.,  and  there  installed,  October 
1st,  1871.  Jlr.  Blain  is  a  man  of  fine  physique  and 
talents,  a  close  student,  impressive  as  a  pulpit  orator, 
and  wields  a  ready  and  graceful  pen.  He  is  the  au- 
thor of  a  history  of  the  Cliristiansburg  Church,  con- 
taining many  interesting  facts  as  to  early  Presby- 
terianisni  in  Southwest  Virginia,  and  editor  of  the 
Chunk  Xeio.i,  a  Presb^'terian  monthly. 

Blain,  Rev.  Daniel,  was  born  in  South  Caro- 
lina, Abbeville  District,  in  1773,  of  the  Scotch-Irish 
race.  He  passed  his  early  life  on  the  frontiers,  in  the 
American  Revolution.  Like  Andrew  Jackson  and 
a  multitude  of  Scotch-Irish  boys  iu  North  and 
South  Carolina,  who,  in  mature  years,  rose  to 
eminence  and  worth,  he  was  familiar  \vith  the 
privations  and  distresses,  and  battles  and  massacres 
of  the  famous  campaigns  of  the  Southern  war. 
When  about  twenty  years  of  age  he  repaired 
to  Liberty  Hall,  near  Lexington,  Va.,  and  there 
completed  his  academic  and  theological  course  of 
study,  in  preparation  for  the  ministry.  He  was 
liceased  by  Lexington  I'resbytery  al)out  the  year 
1796.  He  engaged  with  Mr.  Ba.xter  in  teaching  the 
New  London  Academy  at  Bedford,  and  removed  vrith 
him  to  Lexington,  being  appointed  Professor  in  the 
Academy.  He  was  a  member  of  the  committee  ap- 
pointed by  the  Synod,  in  1803,  to  establish  a  religious 
periodical  if  the  way  was  clear,  and  under  whose 
direction  the  first  number  of  The  Virginia  Seliffiou.t 
lldijazine  was  i.ssued,  October,  1804.  To  that  period- 
ical he  contributed  a  number  of  valuable  articles. 
Mr.  Blain  was  called  from  earth  in  the  meridian  of 
life,  from  increivsing  usefulness  and  a  young  fomily, 
March  19th,  1814.  President  Baxter  loved  him  as 
his  amiable  professor  and  co-laborer,  and  his  brethren 
called  him  "the  amiable  ilr.  Blain."  "Had  the 
church  no  such  lovely  chanicters  as  Daniel  Blain," 
s:iys  Dr.  Foote,  "her  beauty  would  be  marred,  and 
her  bands  loosed." 

Blair,  Andre-w,  son  of  William  and  Sarah 
(Holmes)  Blair,  children  of  William  Blair,  Sen'r, 
and  Andrew  Holmes,  Sen'r,  was  born  at  Carlisle,  Pa., 
April  10th,  1789,  and  there  died,  most  peacefully 
and  hopefully,  July  21st,  1861,  in  his  73d  year.  He 
had  been  ordained  a  ruling  elder  in  the  First  Presby- 
terian Church  of  his  native  place,  December  25th, 
1825,   and  when  the  Second   Church  was  organized, 


January  12th-,  1833,  he  was  one  of  the  first  three 
elders  therein  elected  and  installed.  This  office  he 
most  faithfully  and  acceptiibly  filled  until  his  death, 
and  throughout  this  time  had  taken  a  very  active  and 
leading  part  in  the  growth  and  prosperity  of  the  church. 
He  wasalso  fully  identified  with  the  cause  of  public  edu- 
cation iu  Carlisle,  and  had  been  President  of  the  Board 
of  School  Directors  for  twenty-five  years  previous  to 
his  death.  Though  a  very  diligent  and  systematic 
business  man — for  his  family  and  the  Church  and  the 
public — yet  he  was  a  reading  and  reflecting  man,  and 
few  laymen  were  more  familiar  with  the  Bible  and 
better  acquainted  with  the  distinctive  doctrines  and 
principles  of  our  Church  than  Sir.  Blair.  In  under- 
standing, appreciating  and  discharging  the  several 
duties  of  his  responsible  position,   he  was  a  model 


ANDREW  BLAI&. 


elder.     In    the    Presbj'tery,    Synod     and     General 
Assembly,  he  was  a  u.selul  and  honored  member. 

The  Rev.  Dr.  A.  T.  Mcttill,  who  had  been  the 
excellent  pastor  of  the  Second  Church,  thus  -(vrites  of 
him  :  "Andrew  Blair  wiis  always  a  prince  among  the 
elders  of  the  Church;  he  could  'rule  well'  and  he 
was  singularly  '  apt  to  teach. '  His  p;vstor  could 
always  depend  on  him  to  ■s-isit  the  sick,  to  conduct 
the  meetings  for  prayer,  Bible-class  teaching,  and 
superintendency  of  the  Sabbath  school.  He  was  an 
intellectual  man  of  no  ordinary  power,  and  yet  that 
sturdy  mind  w;is  balanced  admirably  with  fine  emo- 
tions of  tenderness,  love  and  generosity.  The  people 
always  loved  him  and  revered  him  as  an  oracle.  All 
honor  to  the  memory  of  Andrew  Blair!  To  'do 
justly,  love  mercy,  and  walk  humbly  with  his  God,' 


BLAIR. 


BLAIR. 


snmmcd  and  a<lomc<l  his  religion  to  the  end  of  his 
days." 

Blair,  Rev.  .John,  a  l)rothcr  of  the  Kev.  Samuel 
Blair,  va.s  Ikjiii  in  Ireland,  ami  was  educated  at  the 
Log  College,  and  lieeused  by  the  New  Side  Presby- 
tery of  New  C'xstle  at  its  e;vrlie.st  sessions.  He  was 
ordained,  DeeemlKT  2Tth,  171'2,  pxstor  of  Jliddle 
Spring,  Rocky  Spring,  and  Big  8i)ring,  in  C'unil)er- 
land  county,  I'a.,  and  gave  two-thirds  of  his  time  to 
Big  Spring,  di\iding  the  remainder  Iwtween  the 
others.  During  his  ministry  here  he  made  two 
visits  to  Virginia — the  last  in  1740. — preaching  with 
great  power  in  various  places,  organizing  new  congre- 
gatioas,  and  leaving  an  enduring  impression  of  his 
jiiety  and  eloquence.  The  incursions  of  the  Indians 
led  him  to  resign  his  pii-storal  chitrgc,  DccemlM?r  2-8th, 
1718.  He  seems  to  have  remained  without  a  .settle- 
ment till  1757,  when  he  accepted  a  call  from  the 
church  at  Fagg's  Manor,  which  had  Ijeen  rendered  [ 
vacant  by  the  death  of  his  brother.  Here  he  con- 
tinued nearly  ten  years,  and  succeeded  his  brother 
not  only  ;us  p;ust<)r  of  the  church,  but  ils  head  of  the 
.school  which  his  brother  had  established.  In  this 
latter  capacity  he  iussisted  in  the  jiriparatiDn  of  many 
young  nun  for  the  ministry.  In  17(!7  he  was  chosen 
Professor  of  Divinity  and  Moral  Philosophy  in  the 
College  of  New  .Jersey,  and  was  elected  President 
before  he  was  thirty  years  of  age.  But  soon  after  his 
election,  int<'lligenee  w;is  received  from  Scotland,  that 
Dr.  Withi-rspoon,  who  ha<l  jireviously  declined  the 
position,  would,  in  all  probability,  if  the  call  were 
rejM'ated,  accept  it.  As  soon  as  this  was  known  to 
Jlr.  Blair,  with  a  modesty  and  magnanimity  worthy 
of  record,  he  immediately  wrote  to  the  President  of 
the  Board,  declining  the  office,  and  accepted  a  cjiU 
to  Wallkill,  in  the  Highlands  of  New  York,  May 
loth,  1709.     He  died  December  8th,  1771.  | 

During  the  excitement  growing  out  of  the  question 
concerning  the  examination  of  candidates  on  their  ex- 
perience of  .s;ivinggra<'e,  one  of  the  Old  Side  publislK'd 
"Thoughts  on  the  ICxamination  and  Trials  of  Caiuli- 
dates. "  On  this  pampldet  Mr.  Blair  published 
"  .Vnimadversion.s, "  dated  "Fagg"s  Manoi,  .Vugust 
27th,  1700."  He  also  publi.shed  a  reply  to  Harker's 
"Appeal  to  the  Chri-stian  World,"  entitled  "  The 
Synod  of  New  York  and  Philadelphia  Vindicated." 
He  left  behind  him  a  treatise  on  regeneration,  orllii)- 
dox,  and  ably  written;  it  w;us  ]>ublislied  shortly  be- 
fore his  death,  with  the  title,  "  .V  Treatise  on  the 
Nature,  l".se,  and  Subjects  of  thi'  .Sacraments,  on  lie- 
generation,  and  on  the  Nature  anil  Vse  of  the  .Means 
of  (;ra<'e."  The  preface  is  dated  "(Joodwill,  ali;i.H 
Wallkill,  December  21st,  1770. "  It  w;i.s  reprinted 
by  Dr.  James  P.  Wilson,  in  his  collection  of  S;icra- 
mental  Treati.s<'s. 

.\  writer  in  the  Assembly's  Mag:i7.ine  .siiys  of  Mr. 
Blair:  "  He  was  a. judicious  anil  persuasive  preacher, 
and  through  his  exertions  siiuiers  were  converte<l 
and  the  rhildreii  nf  (iiid  idilied.      i'ullv  ciin>'ineed  of 


the  truth  of  the  doctrines  of  grace,  he  addressed  im- 
mortal souls  with  tluit  warmth  and  jiower  which  lelt 
a  witness  in  every  bosom.  Though  he  sonu-timi-s 
wrote  his  .sermons  in  full,  yet  his  comnion  mode  of 
preaching  was  by  short  notes,  comjirising  the  general 
outlines.  His  lal>ors  were  too  abundant  to  admit 
of  more,  and   no  more    w;is  necess:iry  to  a  mind   so 

richly  stored  with  the  great  truths  of  religion 

His  dis|x>$ition  w;is  uncommonly  patient,  placid, 
benevolent,  disinterested  and  cheerful.  He  wiis  too 
mild  to  indulge  bitterness  or  severity,  and  he  thought 
th.at  the  truth  required  little  else  but  to  l>e  fairly 
stated  anil  ])roiK'rly  understoiMl.  Those  who  could 
not  relish  the  s;ivor  of  his  piety,  loved  him  as  an 
amiable  and  revered  him  as  a  great  man;  Though 
no  bigot,  he  firmly  believed  that  the  Presbyterian 
form  of  government  is  most  Scriptural,  and  the  most 
favorable  to  religion  and  happiness." 

Dr.  Alexander  expressed  the  opinion  that  Mr.  Blair, 
"  as  a  theologian,  was  not  inferior  to  any  man  in  the 
Presbyterian  Church  in  his  day." 

Blair,  Rev.  John  Durbui-row,  was  lM>rn  at 
Fagg's  Jlanor,  Pa..  October  1.1th.  17.")9.  He  w;ls  a 
son  of  the  Kev.  .Tohn  Blair,  who  w:is  ordained, 
December  27th,  1742.  pastor  of  Middle  Spring,  Roi'ky 
.Spring,  and  Big  .Spring,  in  Cumlx'riand  county.  Pa., 
and  who  afterwards  succecdeil  liis  brother  as  both 
pastor  of  the  Church  .and  teacher  of  the  School  at 
Fagg's  Manor.  He  graduated  at  the  College  of  New 
Jersey  in  the  year  177.'j.  Al'ter  his  gnuluation  he 
was  appointed,  on  the  recommendation  of  Dr.  Wither- 
siMH)n,  Principal  of  Washington  Henry  Acijdemy,  in 
Virginia,  where  he  remained  for  a  numlKT  of  years. 
Oetotjcr  2?th,  1781,  he  was  licen.sed  to  preach  by  the 
Presbytery  of  Hanover.  Soon  after  this  he  received 
a  call  from  the  church  in  Pole  Green,  in  Hanover,  of 
which  .the  Rev.  Samuel  Davis  had  Ix-en  pastor  while 
in  Virginia,  and  having  accepted  the  Kill,  w:i8 
ordained  to  the  pjistoral  olVice.  About  17i)2  he  wjls 
inilueed  to  remove  to  Kichmond,  and  open  a  cla.ssical 
schiM)l.  ,\t  the  sjime  time  he  Ix'gan  to  g:ither  a 
church,  holding  his  services  in  the  Capitol.  In  due 
course  of  time  a  building  was  erecti-d  for  his  congre- 
gation, on  Shockoe  Hill,  where  he  oftieiafiKl  during 
the  remaiiuler  of  his  life.  He  died,  .January  Ktlh, 
182:{.  Mr.  Blair  Wiis  highly  esteemed  in  the  commu- 
nity. He  wxs  a  man  of  iH-uevolencc.  of  |Milished 
manners,  and  lilted  to  adorn  any  eom|>iuiy.  As  a 
preacher  he  was  solid  and  orthodox.  His  style  was 
graceful  and  iH)lishiil.  and  his  delivery  w:is  in  jht- 
feet  keeping  with  bis  .style.  One  of  his  iM'culiarities 
was  that  he  w,%s  never  willing  to  marry  any  one 
who  had  not  Imi-u  lisiptizeil,  and  sometimes,  when  he 
discovered  at  the  moment  when  the  ceremony  was 
almut  to  Ik-  performed  that  the  bride  had  not  receive<I 
liaptism,  he  would  abru|)tly  iKiu.st'  and  jiriM'i-ed  to 
administer  it. 

Blair,  Rev.  Samuel,  wius  Imihi  in  Irelaiul.  .lime 
1 1th.  1712.      He  came  to  .Vmerica  while  quite  young, 


.    BLAIR. 


79 


BLAKE. 


antl  was  educated  at  the  Log  College  at  Neshaminy, 
under  the  Rev.  William  Tennent.  Having  completed 
his  classical  and  theological  study,  he  was  licensed  to 
preach,  Kovember  9th,  1733,  by  the  Presbytery  of 
Philadelphia,  and  in  the  following  September  accepted 
a  call  to  Middlctown  and  Shrewsbury,  N.  J.  Here 
he  continued  about  five  years,  but  there  are  no  records 
remaining  to  indicate  the  amount  of  success  that 
attended  his  laV)ors.  In  1739  he  received  a  call  to 
the  Church  in  Xew  Londonjlerry,  otherwise  called 
Fagg's  JIanor,  in  Pennsylvania.  This  call  he 
accepted,  and  removed  to  his  new  residence  in 
November,  1739,  but  his  installation  did  not  take 
place  until  April,  1740.  Shortly  after  his  settlement 
at  Fagg's  JIanor  he  established  a  cla.ssical  school, 
wliich  produced  such  men  as  Davies,  Rodgers,  Cam- 
ming, .Tames  Finley,  Robert  Smith  and  Hugh  Henry, 
"as  .scholars,  preachers,  pa.stors,  patriots,  in  their 
piety  and  success,"  .s;iys  Web.ster,  "a  noble  company, 
a  goodly  fellowship,  showing  the  Church  what  man- 
ner of  men  the  apostles  and  martyrs  were." 

In  connection  with  Jlr.  Blair's  ministry  at  Fagg's 
Manor,  there  occurred,  in  17-10,  a  very  remarkable 
revival  of  religion.  The  number  of  the  awakened 
increa.sed  very  f;ust;  scarcely  a  sermon  or  a  lecture 
through  the  whole  Summer  failed  to  produce  impres. 
sions,  and  many  jjersons  afforded  very  hopeful,  satis- 
fying e\idence  that  the  Lord  had  Ijrought  them  to  a 
true  acceptance  of  Christ. 

Mr.  Blair  made  a  tour  of  preaching  through  New 
England  in  the  Summer  of  1744.  He  was  a  promi- 
nent actor  in  tliose  scenes  which,  in  his  day,  agitated 
and  finally  divided  the  Presb.rterian  Church.  He 
agreed  with  Gilbert  Tennent  in  his  opinions,  and  co- 
oj)erated  with  him  in  his  mea.sures,  and,  of  course, 
rendered  himself  obnoxious  to  the  "Old  Side  "  party 
in  the  Church.  In  his  doctrinal  views  he  was  a 
thorough  Calvinist,  as  appears  from  his  "Treatise  on 
Predestination  and  Reprobation." 

Jlr.  Blair's  last  illness  was  contracted  from  his 
going,  upon  an  urgent  call,  and  in  an  enfeebled  state 
of  body,  to  meet  the  Trxistees  of  New  Jersey  College. 
.\s  he  approached  his  end,  he  expressed  the  strongest 
desire  to  depart  and  be  with  Christ,  ami  hut  a  minute 
or  two  before  his  departure,  he  exclaimed,  "The 
Bridegroom  is  come,  and  we  shall  now  have  all 
things."  The  monument  over  his  remains  in  the 
burv'ing  ground  of  Fivgg's  Manor  bears  the  following 
inscription ; — 

"  Hero  lioth  the  body  of 

The  Kev.  Samuf.i,  Hi.aik, 

'\^^l^.  departed  this  life 

The  Fifth  Pay  of  .luly,  1751, 

Aged  Thirty-nine  Years  and  Twent.v-one  Days.'* 

"  In  yonder  sacred  house  I  spent  my  breath ; 
Now  silent,  mouldering,  here  I  lie  in  death; 
These  lips  shall  wake,  and  yet  declare 
A  dread  .\men  to  truths  they  published  there." 

'     Mr.  Blair  was  grave  and   solemn,   yet  cheerful, 
pleasant,  even  facetious,  witty.     He  had  great  power 


;us  a  preacher.  Mr.  Dai-ies  regarde<l  him  as  excelled 
by  none  he  had  heard  in  England  and  Scotland. 
"^Vhen,"  says  he,  "in  1753,  I  passed  the  meeting- 
house where  I  had  so  often  heard  the  great  Mr.  Blair, 
I  could  not  help  crying  out,  'Oh,  how  dreadful  is 
this  place  !  this  is  none  other  than  the  house  of  (iod, 
and  this  is  the  gate  of  heaven.'"  " He  was, "  s;»ys 
Dr.  Finlej-,  in  his  funeral  sermon,  "a  public  blessing 
to  the  Church,  an  honor  to  his  people,  an  ornament 
to  his  profession,  who  'magnified  his  office.'  He 
spoke  as  he  believed,  he  practiced  as  he  preached,  he 
lived  holy,  and  died  joyfully." 

Blair,  Samuel  D.  D.,  a  son  of  the  Eev.  Samuel 
Blair,  of  Fagg's  Manor,  Chester  county.  Pa.,  was 
born  at  that  place  in  the  year  1741.  He  graduated 
at  the  College  of  New  Jersey  with  honor,  in  17G0,  at 
the  age  of  nineteen.  He  afterwards  serve<l  as  tutor 
there  for  about  three  years — from  17G1  to  1764.  He 
Wius  licensed  to  preach  the  gospel  by  the  Presbytery 
of  New  Castle,  in  1764.  He  was  popular  as  a 
preacher  from  hLs  first  appearance  in  the  pulpit.  His 
discourses  were  written  out  in  full,  with  great  care, 
and  his  elocution  was  at  once  chaste  and  impressive. 
Indeed,  he  seems  to  have  beeu  a  young  nuin  of  fine 
talents  and  more  than  ordinary  acquirements  for 
his  age. 

In  November,  1766,  Jlr.  Blair  was  installed  pastor 
of  the  old  South  Church  in  Boston,  as  a  colleague  of 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Sewall.  On  his  way  thither,  after  his 
acceptance  of  the  call,  he  was  shipwrecked  in  the 
night,  losing  his  wardrobe  and  manuscripts,  and 
escaping  narrowly  with  his  life.  His  exposure, 
on  this  occasion,  injured  his  health  and  the  loss 
of  his  sermons,  which  he  had  written  with  great 
care,  depressed  his  spirits.  He  re-signed  his  charge 
October  10th,  1769.  He  received  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Dixinity  from  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, in  1790.  After  resigning  his  charge  .it 
Boston,  he  took  up  his  residence  at  Germantown, 
now  a  part  of  Philadelphia,  where  he  passed  the 
remainder  of  his  life,  in  retirement  and  devotion  to 
his  books,  except  that  he  served  two  years  as  chaplain 
in  Congress,  and  preached  at  other  times,  occa-sionally, 
iis  opportunity  offered.  He  died  in  September,  1818. 
Dr.  Blair  was  a  man  of  polislied  manners,  and  of 
amiable  and  generoiLs  disi>osition.  He  was  also  a 
superior  scholar,  a  well-read  theologian  and  an  elo<iuent 
pulpit  orator.  He  published  two  sermons,  one  of 
which  was  occasioned  by  the  death  of  the  Rev.  Dr. 
John  Blair  Smith,  Philadelphia,  1799. 

Blake,  James,  Elder  in  the  Third  Presbyterian 
Church,  Indianapolis,  w;vs  born  in  Berlin,  Adams 
county.  Pa.,  March  3d,  1791.  He  came  to  Indianapolis 
in  July,  18-21,  ami  was  closely  a.ssociated  with  Mr. 
James  M.  Ray,  his  life-long  friend,  and  with  other  pio- 
neers. They  were  men  of  integrity,  morality  and  re- 
ligious principles.  Their  spirit  gave  character  to  this 
infant  community.  Much  of  the  commercial  prosjier- 
ity  and  spiritual  growth  of  this  city  are  due  to  the 


JiLAKE. 


ao 


BUSS. 


teachinji.pxaniple  and  influfnce  of  these  early  settlers. 
Mr.  lilake  \v;is  idi-ntilird  lor  forty  years  with  its  busi- 
iie.ss,  its  sJK'ial  aiul  r<-li]iious  life;  was  President  of 
the  Board  of  Tra<le  and  State  ISoard  of  A-rrieulture  ; 
opened  the  first  lar;;e  wlioles;ilc  dry  giMMLs  store ; 
heljK'd  to  build  the  first  rolling  mill,  and  to  st;irt  the 
State  benevolent  institutions.  The  Benevolent  So- 
eiety  was  his  child.  He  was  its  President  and  chief 
mana(;er  for  thirty-fi\-e  years.  He  was  a  great  friend 
of  the  needy,  and  sou>;ht  out  the  poor  families.  He 
aided  in  forming  the  lirst  Sabbath  School,  and  taught 
many  ivlio  are  now  among  the  best  citizens.  With 
Mr.  Kay  he  joined  the  p'irst  Presbj-terian  Church  on 
the  same  day,  in  1828,  and  they  were  elected  ciders 
on  the  same  day,  in  18:50.  lu  18.51  he  withdrew, 
with  twenty-one  others,  and  formed  the  Third  Presby- 


J  \M»U<4   ni.AKK. 

terian  Chunh,  in  which  ho  was  then  made  an  elder, 
.M-rving  till  his  death,  Nov.tnlKr  21st,  ISTO.  He 
took  the  dceiMst  interest  in  its  life  and  increase, 
which  w;i.s  largely  due  to  his  fidelity,  energy  and 
z<'al.  In  work  for  the  Church  and  Sabbath  Sc1um)1 
he  never  grew  weary.  He  was  Rup4rinf<'ndcnt  of  the 
latter  for  twelve  years,  and  a  t<'acher  till  near  the 
close  of  his  life.  He  wxs  n  trustee  of  Hanover  Col- 
lege, and  gave  to  it  lilK-rally,  ns  he  did  to  liis  church, 
when  his  means  pi-rmittcd.  In  our  Church  courts  he 
was  often  a  rcprcsintativc.  and  was  familiar  with  their 
proceedings.  AVitlumt  K|M<'ial  re:i.H()ns,  his  wat  in  the 
s:ini-tmiry,  prayer  nu  cting,  and  Sabbath  SchiMd  Wius 
never  vacant.  VHicn  o<iasion  ofl"ered,  he  wxs  always 
ready  with  words  of  counsel,  or  of  pniyer.  Honorcil 
nii<l  bilovcd  ill  lite,  be  was  in  death  greatly  lamented. 


Bliss,  John  Collins,  D.  D. ,  the  eldest  child  of 
Rolxirt  L.  and  Siis;iii  (Collins)  Bliss,  was  born  in 
Florence,  Ala)>ama.  May  2()th,  IK'JT.  Intending  to 
devote  him.self  to  mercantile  pursuits,  through  the 
inlluenee  of  Kev.  Dr.  Chanilx-rs,  and  in  connection 
with  the  "  Jayne's  Hall  Prayer  Meeting,"  in  Phila- 
delphia, which  he.  wa^j  instrumental  in  starting, 
November  23d,  18.57,  he  felt  Ciilled  to  the  ministry, 
and  in  the  winter  of  18.S8-9  entere<l  the  AVcstcm 
Theological  Seminary.  Graduating  in  April,  18(!2,  he 
w;is  licensed  by  the  Central  Presbytery  of  Pbiladel- 
jiliia  the  following  Octolier.  In  XovcmlK-r  he  w;i.s 
lulled  to  and  began  his  laljors  in  the  Second  Church 
of  Carli.sle,  Pa.,  being  orilained  and  installed  by  the 
Presbyter}'  of  Carlisle,  May  13tli,  1803.  In  Novem- 
ber, 1867  he  accepted  a  cidl  to  the  Crescent  Avcuuc 
Presbyterian  Church,  of  Plainfield,  N.  J.,  known  then 
as  the  Second,  which  under  his  ministry  enjoyed 
almast  unexampled  and  unce;Lsing  prosperity  and 
growth.  The  new  church  edifice,  comi>Uteil  in 
Si'pt<'iulM>r,  1872,  is  one  of  the  finest  in  the  State. 
Dr.  Bli-ss  has  in  manners  the  bearing  of  relinenient, 
kindness,  gentleness,  a  peculiar  and  studied  frec<lom 
from  censoriousness  and  evil  speaking,  gre;it  citution 
and  wisdom  in  executive  management  and  as  a 
pastor  is  faithful  and  afTectionatc  ;  in  the  interests  of 
temperance  and  kindred  cau.si-s,  railical  but  judiciou.s. 
His  spirit  and  lite  are  marked  by  con.scientiousnesa 
and  unworldly  consecration.  His  preaching  is 
■spiritual  rather  than  philoso])hical,  practical  rather 
than  theological,  scriptural  rather  than  speculative, 
exhibiting  a  cluustemd  and  refined  Uiste,  alMmnding 
in  fervid  eloquence  of  heart  and  voice — an  elo(|uent 
and  ]>iithetic  voice,  expressive  of  deepest  spiritual 
earnestness.  He  resigned  the  pastorate  of  the  Cliurch 
at  Plaiiiticld,  in  June,  18.83. 

Bliss,  Thomas  E.,D.  D.,  wxslMirn  in  I'.rimlried, 
llani)>di'n  county,  .Mass..  XovciiilMr  2."ith.  l'*2l.  He 
graduated,  with  one  of  the  class  honors,  at  I'nion 
College,  K.  Y.,  in  l-^H,  and  completed  his  thi-ologi- 
cal  studies  at  Andover  Seminary,  in  18ol.  For  four 
years  he  w:ls  jKistor  of  the  Congregational  Church  at 
North  Middlelmro,  Mas.s..and  for  six  years  pa.stor  of  the 
Congregational  Church  at  Blackslone,  Mivs-s.  Hcsix-nt 
the  year  1<(>2  at  Hancock,  Mich.,  and  the  next  year 
he  w;us  cimncctcd  with  the  Home  Missionary  .SM-iety, 
in  Mi.s.souri.  He  had  a  jiastoral  charge  in  Meinphis, 
Tenn.,  from  18<)4  to  1h70,  in  which  year  he  wiiit  to 
Denver,  Col.  Dr.  Bliss's  temiMniment  is  ardent, 
zealous,  enthusia.stic.  His  dis|M>sitioii  is  genial  ami 
kind.  His  convictions  are  deej).  and  his  courjige  is 
always  equal  to  their  advocacy  and  maintenance. 
He  is  a  faithful,  fearless  preacher,  and  his  cheer- 
fulness, strong  symi>athetic  nature,  and  omstant 
readiness  to  mini.ster  in  his  Miuster's  name,  make 
him  a  succe.ssl"ul  and  iM'loved  jiastor.  He  lemls  his 
hand  to  every  g<MHl  work  and,  as  a  citizen,  is  active 
ill  supi>ort  of  all  movements  to  improve  jnibMo 
morals. 


BLYDEX. 


81 


BLYTHE. 


Blyden,  Edward  "Wilmot,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  was 
Ixirn  August  3d,  IR'i'J,  :it  St.  Thomas,  ^\.  I.  In  1842 
his  father  removed  his  family  to  Porto  Cabcllo, 
Venezuela,  where  he  remained  two  years,  r<;turning 
to  St.  Thomas  in  1S44.  While  there,  the  son  learned 
to  speak  the  Spanish  language.  On  his  return  to  St. 
Thomas  he  was  apprenticed  to  the  tailoring  trade  for 
five  years,  being  allowed  to  attend  school  in  the 
forenoon.  His  conversion  took  place  under  the  min- 
istrj'  of  the  Rev.  John  P.  Knox,  then  pa.stor  of  the 
Reformed  Dutch  Church  of  St.  Tlioma-s,  afterward  of 
the  Presl>ytcrian  Church  in  Xewtown,  Long  Island. 
Encouraged  hy  his  pastor  to  prepare  for  the  gospel 
ministry,  when  Mrs.  Knox  returned  to  tho  United 
States,  in  1850,  he  accompanied  her,  with  theviewof 
entering  one  of  the  institutions  of  learning  to  fit  him- 
self for  this  piirpo.se.  But  his  application  to  them, 
through  the  sentiment  then  prevailing  in  regard  to  I 
the  colored  race,  was  not  successful.  Discouraged  hy 
the  failure,  he  proposed  to  abandon  his  i)lan  for  future 
life,  and  return  to  St.  Thomas.  A  kind  letter,  how- 
ever, from  Mrs.  Knox  inspired  him  with  renewed 
hope,  and  prompted  him  to  continued  effort,  which 
produced  the  crisis  in  his  career  on  which  his  subse- 
quent eminence  and  usefulness  hinged. 

The  New  York  Colonization  Society  having  ofiered 
him  a  passage  to  Liberia,  he  accepted  it,  and  entered  as  ' 
a  student  the  Alexandria  High  School,  which  had 
been  but  recently  established  at  Jionrovia.  He  .sailed 
thither  December  21st,  18.30,  arriving  January  2Gth, 
1851.  After  a  slight  acclimation  he  was  received 
into  the  school  by  the  Foreign  Missionary  Board  of 
the  Presbyterian  Church,  as  a  student  for  the  minis- 
try. He  was  carefully  instructed  for  three  years  by 
Rev.  Da\id  A.  Wilson,  when,  on  account  of  the 
failing  health  of  Sir.  Wilson,  he  assisted  him  in 
t<'aehing,  mcanwliile  continuing  his  studies,  and  at 
the  same  time  editing  the  Liberia  Herald.  In  185S, 
when  Jlr.  Wilson  retired,  Jlr.  Blyden  was  placed  in 
full  charge  of  the  school,  and  in  the  .same  year,  after 
the  usual  examinations,  he  was  licensed  and  ordained 
by  the  Presbytery  of  West  Africa.  He  continued 
Principal  of  the  Alexandria  High  School  until  1861, 
when  he  was  elected  Professor  of  the  Greek  and 
Latin  languages  of  Liberia  College,  which  position  he 
successfully  filled  until  he  resigned  to  make  an  ex- 
tended trip  into  the  interior  of  Africa.  In  18G4  he 
was  made  Scerctarj'  of  State  and  afterwards  Sccrc- 
t;try  of  the  Interior.  In  1877  he  was  appointed 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  England.  In  1881  he 
wa.s  chosen  President  of  Liberia  College;  mean- 
while traveling  extensively,  making  frequent  visits 
to  England,  America,  and  into  the  inferior  of  Africa. 
Dr.  Blyden  is  a  laborious  and  eminently  successful 
scholar,  a  clear,  forcible  and  erudite  writer,  and  a 
linguist  of  rare  ability.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Athena;um  Club  of  London,  one  of  the  foremost 
(frganizations  of  Europe.  He  is  a  frequent  contrib- 
utor to  Fruzcr'a  Magazine,  and  the  Methodist  Quar- 
6 


tcrly  Review.  Some  of  his  most  important  articles 
have  been,  "  The  Negro  in  Ancient  History;"  "  Mo- 
hammedanism in  West  Afric;i;"  "The  Republic  of 
Liberia;"  "  Liberia  at  the  American  Centennial," 
and  "  Echoes  from  Africa."  He  has  also  written 
several  books,  among  which  are,  "  Liberia's  Offer- 
ing," 1862,  and  "From  West  Africa  to  Palestine," 
1873.  His  visit  to  the  United  States  in  1883,  in  the 
interest  of  Liberia  College,  resulted  in  securing  the 
consent  of  a  number  of  students  who  were  preparing 
in  Southern  Colleges  for  missionary  work  in  Africa, 
to  complete  their  preparation  in  Liberia  College,  also 
the  services  of  two  able  professors,  and  a  valuable 
teacher.  No  Negro  is  more  widely  known,  or  more 
eagerly  sought  and  respected  by  .scholars,  and  award- 
ed a  higher  literary  position  in  the  race,  than  Presi- 
dent Blyden. 

Bljrthe,  James,  D.  D.,  was  born  in  Mecklenburg 
county,  N.  C,  October  28tli,  1765;  graduated  at 
Hampden  Sidnej' College,  in  1789;  studied  theology 
under  the  direction  of  Rev.  Dr.  Hall,  of  North  Caro- 
lina, and  was  licensed  by  the  Orange  Prcsbj'tery. 
July  25th,  1793,  he  became  pastor  of  Pisgah  and 
Clear  Creek  churches,  Ky. ;  resigned  the  charge  in  a 
short  time;  for  a  series  of  years  was  annually 
appointed  a  stated  supply  by  the  Presbytery,  and  in 
this  way  ministered  to  the  Pisgah  church  upwards 
of  forty  years. 

When  the  Kentucky  Academy,  in  1798,  was 
merged  in  the  University  of  Transylvania,  he  was 
appointed  Professor  of  Mathematics,  Natural  Philoso- 
phy, Astronomy  and  Geography,  and  subsequently 
he  was  the  acting  President  of  the  Institution  for 
twelve  or  fifteen  years.  In  1818  he  was  transferred 
to  the  chair  of  Chemistry  in  the  Medical  Department, 
and  retained  the  position  until  1831.  In  connection 
with  his  Professorship  he  was  a.ssoeiatcd,  for  some 
years,  with  Rev.  James  Welsh,  as  colleague  pastor  of 
the  church  in  Lexington.  About  the  time  that  he 
resigned  the  Presidency  of  the  College  he  estab- 
lished a  Seminary  for  young  ladies,  in  which  his 
instructions  were  exceedingly  thorough,  and  his 
influence  in  this  department  was  widely  and  deeply 
felt. 

In  1816  Dr.  Blythe  was  Moderator  of  the  General 
Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  In  1831  he 
was  chosen  Moderator  of  the  convention  of  delegates 
from  the  Presbj-teries  which  met  at  Cincinnati,  at 
the  suggestion  of  the  General  Assembly,  on  the  sub- 
ject of  Domestic  Missions.  In  1832  he  was  elected 
President  of  South  Hanover  College,  Ind.,  and  for 
several  years  fulfilled  the  duties  of  the  otfice  with 
great  acceptance,  at  the  same  time,  giving  more  or 
less  gratuitous  instruction  in  the  Theological  Semi- 
nary in  the  same  place.  In  1836  he  rcsignea  the 
Presidency  of  the  College,  and  from  October,  1837, 
preached  to  the  New  Lexington  Church,  ten  miles 
from  Hanover,  until  declining  health  obliged  him  to 
to  desist  from    labor.     During  his  last  illness  he 


BLYTHE. 


82 


BOAR  D.MAX. 


viewed  the  approach    of   death-  with    the  utmost 

serenity  of  miud,  and  bore  the  fullest  testimony  to 
the  all-sustaininj5  jjowcrof  Christian  faith,  lie  died, 
May  20th,  1842. 

Dr.  Blj-the  was  a  man  of  superior  talents,  and  of 
very  considerable  erudition.  He  was  a  fluent  an<l 
ready  .speaker,  and  in  the  pulpit  especially  had  a 
good  degree  of  fervor  and  animation.  lie  probably 
showed  his  strength  as  a  lecturer,  a  disciplinarian, 
and  a  debater  in  ecclesiastical  bodies,  even  more  than 
in  tlie  pulpit.  He  commanded  gnat  respect  wher- 
ever lie  was  known,  and  filled  an  important  place  in 
society  with  marked  dignity  and  usefulness. 

Bljrtlie,  Rev.  Joseph  WUliam,  was  born  at 
Lexington,  Ky.,  February  21st,  1808,  and  was  the  son 
of  the  Rev.  James  Klythe,  D.D.,  noticed  above.  He 
graduated  atTran.sylvania  University  in  1825;  studied 
medicine  at  Harvard  University;  graduated  at  Prince- 
ton Seminary,  and  was  licen.sed  t«  ]ireacli  by  the  Pres- 
bytery of  New  linmswiek,  February  2(1,  1831.  His 
first  p;ustorate  was  that  of  the  Second  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  which  commenced  January 
30th,  1834,  was  prosperous  and  happy,  but  terminated 
July  2Gth,  183G,  that  he  might  accept  an  agency  of 
the  Western  Foreign  Missionary  Society.  His  last 
charge  was  at  Charlcsto«-n,  Clarke  county,  Indiana. 
Here  he  died,  April  asth,  187.").  Mr.  Dlythe  was  a 
good  preacher,  unflinchingly  faithful  to  hLs  convic- 
tions of  duty,  warm-hearted,  generous,  hospitable, 
intelligent,  a  wise  counsellor,  and  a  devoted  man  of 
God. 

Boal,  Hon.  G-eorge,  was  born  in  the  County 
Antrim,  Ireland,  July  Kith,  1796.  When  but  two 
years  old  liis  father  emigrated  to  the  United  States 
and  settled  in  Penu's  Valley,  Centre  county,  Pa., 
where  he  connected  himself  with  the  Church  knowni 
as  Slab  Cabin,  now  cjilled  Spring  Creek',  and  was 
afterwards  made  an  elder,  in  which  office  he  served 
the  congregation  with  great  acceptance  till  the  time 
of  his  death,  which  occurred  in  March,  1837.  The 
son's  education  was  only  such  as  could  be  obtained 
in  the  common  schools  of  the  county,  of  which,  how- 
ever, he  made  the  best  po.ssible  improvement,  and 
was  therefore  well  qualified  for  all  the  ordinary  busi- 
ness of  a  citizen,  and  for  the  offices  of  honor  and 
trust  to  which  he  was  afterwards  appointed  or 
chosen.  Ho  was  a  farmer  all  his  life,  and  lived  at 
the  family  homestea<l,  which  he  inherited.  He  was 
elected  an  elder  in  the  Church,  in  May,  183.>,  and 
continued  to  adorn  the  place  as  an  honored  and 
trusted  leader  in  the  Session  and  the  Church  till  the 
time  of  his  death.  He  was  often  called  upon  to 
attend  Presbyteries,  Synmls,  and  General  Assemblies, 
in  all  of  which  he  was  reeogni/.-.'d  as  a  judicious 
counsellor.  He  was  (M|u:illy  respected  and  trusted  in 
civil  life.  He  was  electx'd  an  As.sociate  Judge  of 
Centre  county,  and  in  HIO  a  member  of  the  SUite  | 
Legislature  for  onej  term.  The  cinl  olBees  which  he 
held  sought  him,  not  he  the  offices.  I 


The  prominent  points  of  Judge  Boal's  character 
were,  soundness  of  judgment  and  eminent  dLscretion, 
kindness  to  the  piM)r,  and  liberality  in  giving  to  all 
benevolent  objects.  Willing  to  make  sacrifices  for 
the  public  good,  social  in  his  habits,  and  jieculiarly 
kind  in  all  the  relations  of  life,  he  was  universally 
beloved  and  respected  in  his  immediate  neighbor- 
hood. His  decided  piety  was  manifested  by  a  con- 
scientious and  exact  fulfillment  of  duty  in  every 
sphere  he  occupied.  He  loved  the  Church  and  was 
foremost  in  all  things  that  pertained  to  its  advance* 
ment. 

Boardman,  George  Smith,  D.  D.,  was  born 
at  Albany,  .\.  V.,  Decemlicr  2-^tli,  1790;  graduated 
at  Union  College  in  181G;  entered  Princeton  .Seminary 
the  same  year,  and  graduated  in  1819.  After  receiv- 
ing license  to  preach  the  gospel,  he  spent  a1x)ut  two 
years  in  traveling,  on  horseback,  and  jneaehing,  from 
place  to  place  in  Ohio  and  Kentucky,  which  was  then 
the  "  Far  West."  July  2Gth,  1821,  he  was  installed 
pastor  of  the  Church  at  Watertown,  X.  Y.,  and  had  a 
precious  and  fruitful  pastorate  there  of  sixteen  years' 
duration.  In  1837  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  Central 
Church  of  Rochester,  X.  Y.,  where  he  remained  six 
years,  except  that  he  labored  for  six  montlis,  in  1842, 
at  Columbus,  Ohio,  in  connection  with  a  very  marked 
and  productive  revival,  and  supplied  for  a  while  the 
Third  (or  Pine  Street)  Church  in  Philadelphia.  In 
1843  he  took  charge  of  the  Second  Church  at  Rome, 
N.  Y.,  which  he  left  in  1847,  to  enter  upon  a  short 
pastorate  at  Cherry  Valley,  X.  Y.  At  the  latter 
place  he  remained  until  18,>0,  when  he  accepted  a 
call  to  the  Church  at  Cazenovia,  X.  Y.  This  pastorate 
extended  to  ISGo,  a  period  of  nearly  fifteen  years,  in 
the  course  of  which  large  numbers  were  added  to  the 
Church,  the  standard  of  piety  was  elevated,  and  the 
sjjirit  and  practice  of  Christian  benevolence  increased. 
At  the  end  of  this  time  impainul  health  re(|uired  his 
release.  But  he  could  not  be  unemidoyed.  After 
his  health  was  restored  he  eagerly  engaged  in  i)reach- 
ing,  either  as  an  occasional  or  stilted  supply.  For 
longer  or  shorter  periods  he  filled  the  pulpits  of  the 
First  Church  of  Rome,  X.  Y.,  Ogdensburg,  X.  Y., 
and  Little  Falls,  X.  Y.  His  death  occurred  February 
7tli,  1877,  in  thceighty-first  ye;ir  of  his  age. 

Dr.  I!oardiu;in  was  a  man  of  very  positive  convic- 
tions and  of  marked  personal  characteristics,  yet 
he  was  faithful,  sincere,  gentle,  courteous,  always 
abounding  in  the  work  of  the  Lord,  and  always 
commending  the  gospel  by  his  holy  walk  and  beauti- 
ful example. 

Boardman,  Henry  Augustus,  D.D.,  was  born 
at  Troy,  X.  Y.,  Janu:iry  !llh,  HiH.  He  graduated 
at  Yale  College  in  .September,  \*2'.i,  being  the  vale- 
dictorian of  his  class.  He  sprnt  one  year  in  legal 
studies,  and  then,  haviie.;  devoted  himself  to  the 
work  of  the  ministry,  entered  Princeton  Seminary  in 
September,  1830,  and  studied  there  three  years.  He 
wa.s  licensed  by  the  Presbytery  of  Xew  York,  April 


BOARDMAX. 


83 


BOARD  OF  RELIEF. 


l~th,  1833,  and  was  ordained  by  the  Third  Presby- 
tery of  Philadelphia,  November  8th,  1S33,  and  iji- 
stalled  as  pastor  of  the  Tenth  Presbj-terian  Church, 
rhiladeli)hia.  This  was  not  only  his  first  but  his  only 
clmrge,  in  which  he  continued  to  labor  until  released 
May  5th,  1876,  after  which  he  continued,  by  a  vote 
of  the  church  and  of  the  Presbytery,  to  hold  the  rela- 
tion of  Pastor  Emeritus  until  his  death.  This  oc- 
curred June  loth,  1880,  iu  the  seventy-third  year  of 
his  age. 

It  was  while  yet  in  the  Seminary  that  Dr.  Board- 
man  was  called  to  the  pulpit  of  the  church  just 
named.  There  he  performed  his  great  life-work  of 
forty-six  years  with  distinguished  ability,  learning  , 
and  fidelity,  and  from  this  eminent  position  of  use- 
fulness he  could  not  be  drawn  away.     In  1853  he 


IIEVRY  AUOlSrib    BOiEDMAX,  D.D. 

was  elected  by  the  General  Assembly  to  be  Professor 
of  Pastoral  Theology-  iu  Princeton  Seminary,  but  he 
declined  to  accept  the  appointment.  In  1854  he  was 
Moderator  of  the  (O.  S.)  General  Assembly.  In  1835 
he  was  elected  a  Director  of  Princeton  Seminarj-,  in 
which  office  he  continued  until  his  death,  being  ever 
found  unwavering,  intense,  and  filial  in  his  devotion 
to  the  interests  of  the  Institution. 

From  the  day  of  his  settlement  in  the  ministry 
Dr.  Boardman  became  a  leader  in  the  Presbyterian 
Church.  .He  speedily  gained  a  wide  and  powerful 
influence,  which  he  wielded  always  for  the  extension 
of  the  Church  and  the  maintenance  of  her  principles. 
He  was  a  man  of  mark  in  all  her  assemblies,  often 
appearing  in  her  highest  court:  discussing  important 
subjects  with  masterly  ability,   and  assi.sting  with 


wise  counsels  the  establishment  of  many  of  the  in- 
stitutions which  have  given  her  strength  and  minis- 
tered to  her  rapid  increase.     During  all  the  years  of 
his  pastorate  he  was  busy  with  his  pen,  and  a  num- 
ber of  volumes  treating  of  themes  of  public  interest, 
and  marked  by  fine  scholarship  and  rare  excellence 
of  style,  emanated  from   hira.     Some  of  them   have 
been  published  abroad,  and  some,  we  believe,  trans- 
lated into  other  tongues. 
j      Dr.  Boardmau  held  his  position  by  the  sedulous 
and  conscientious  cultivation  of  his  pulpit  powers. 
Evangelical  and  elevated  in  his  thoughts,  and  pure, 
I  simple,  and  direct  in  his  style,  he  charmed  while  in- 
structing his  people,  and  bound  them  to  hiuLsclf  by 
the  ties    of  a  reverential  love.     He  was  uncompro- 
misingly  orthodox  in  his  doctrinal  beliefs,  and  Pres- 
bj-terian    in    his   ecclesiastical   polity.     Always  and 
everywhere  he  maintaiutd  his  Calvinistic  and  Pres- 
byterian opinions,  and  living  in  times  of  high  contro- 
versy in  our  own  and  with  other  denominations,  he 
was  pronounced  in  the  defence  and  advocacy  of  those 
\'iews.     But  he  was  so  high-toned  and  courteous  in 
his  couti-ovcrsial  character  that  he  commanded  the 
respect  and  admiration  of  opponents.     He  grew,  to 
the  end  of  his  life,  in  influence,  especially  over  his 
younger  brethren  in  the  ministry,  ivith  whom  he  was 
always  ready  to  sympathize  in  their  work  and  their 
struggles. 

Board  of  ReUef,  Presbjrterian.  From  an 
early  period  in  the  history  of  the  Presbyterian  Church 
in  the  United  States  elTorts  have  been  made  to  put  in 
operation  .some  effective  plan  for  the  sustenance  and 
comfort  of  disabled  ministers  and  their  families, 
ilost  of  them  failed  to  secure  their  object,  because 
they  relied  mainly  on  the  clergy  for  the  paj-ment  of 
the  necessary  premiums.  This  was  a  result  to  be 
expected,  for  the  clergj-,  however  rich  they  may  be  iu 
faith,  are  generally  poor  in  purse;  but  the  main 
reason  is  to  be  found  in  the  departure  from  the  po.si- 
tive  Divine  requirement  that  the  laity,  always  and 
everywhere,  are  to  be  charged  with  the  temporal 
support  of  the  clergj-  (with  their  families),  whether 
in  active  service  or  withdrawn  by  age,  disease  or 
death. 

One  organization  has  continued  in  existence  for 
many  years,  but  its  influence  for  good  has  been  very 
;  limited;  and,  besides,  it  is  not  a  Church  institution, 
under  Church  control.  After  much  discussion  in 
religious  papers  and  in  the  General  A.ssemblies,  the 
Ruling  Elders  of  the  Church  took  the  matter  in  hand, 
among  whom  maybe  mentioned  Judge  H.  II.  Leai-itt 
of  Cincinnati,  and  Robert  Carter,  of  Xew  York.  Two 
Overtures  on  the  subject  were  laid  before  the  Cfeueral 
Assembly  of  1849,  on  which  a  report,  drawn  up  by 
the  Rev.  Alexander  T.  McGill,  d.d.,  ll.d.,  was  pre- 
sented and  adopted,  after  thorough  and  earnest  dis- 
cussion. 

A  few  attempts  have  been  made  since  to  subvert  or 
materially  modify  the  original  plan,  but  the  Assem- 


BOARD  OF  ItELIEF. 


84 


BOCOCK. 


hly,  in  its  wisdom,  has  never  given  encooragemcDt  to 
these  movements. 

For  some  time  the  fund  was  administered  by  a 
CoinmiltfC  of  the  Trustoes  of  the  General  Assembly. 
In  18G4  a  similar  silic me  w:us  adopted  by'the  other 
Assembly  and  miinaged  by  a  (Jommittce  of  the 
Trustees  of  the  I'res!)yterian  House.  At  the  rc-uuion 
these  committees  were  merf^'d  into  one,  and  in  1870 
the  Committee  w;ls  erected  by  the  Assembly  into  a 
Board,  and  on  the  21st  of  Octolwr,  1876  w;is  char- 
tered by  the  authorities  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania, 
with  the  cor])orate  title:  "The  Presbj-terian  Board 
of  lielief  for  l)is;ibled  Ministers,  and  the  Widows  and 
Orphans  of  Deee:i.sid  Minist<TS." 

In  the  words  of  its  charter,  "The  purpose  for 
wliieh  this  C'ori>oration  is  formed,  is  to  receive,  hold 
and  disburse  such  re;d  and  personal  estate  as  may  he 
(iiven  to  it  for  the  relief  and  support  of  disabled 
ministers,  and  the  widows  and  orphans  of  deceased 
ministers  of  said  Church." 

The  plan,  simple,  compact  and  wise,  embraces  the 
following  features. 

I.  Jl»  hoKix  in  llw  WonI  of  God.  It  conforms  strictly 
to  God's  revealed  plan,  the  fundamental  principle  of 
which  is  that  the  responsibility  for  the  temporal  sup- 
port of  tliase  who  minister  in  sacred  things  rests 
exclusively  on  the  membership  of  the  Church,  the 
whole  Church. 

II.  Reward  for  work  done.  Recompense  for  faith- 
ful ministerial  service,  is  an  essential  feature  of  this 
plan.  This  Ls  not  almsgiving,  it  is  in  no  sense 
elcemosynarj'.  It  pays  a  debt  justly  due,  and  so 
gives  effect  to  the  word  of  Christ,  "The  laborer  is 
worthy  of  his  hire." 

III.  The  needed  funds  are  obtaineil  in  two  ways: 
1st.  Directly  from  the  churches  (and  mainly  from 
them),  by  annu:d  contributions.  2<1.  By  a  Perma-  ] 
nent  Fund,  established  through  legacies  and  large 
donations,  the  income  only  l)eing  ajiplied  to  the  uses 
and  ])urposes of  the  Board.  I 

IV.  There  is  owr //<7imi/  Tren^tunj. 

V.  The  only  ;;™/«r  ujiplienntK  foraid  arc  designated 
by  the  rule,  "  Only  memlK^rs  of  Pre.sbyt«'ries  in  con- 
nection with  the  General  A.s.scmbly,  and  the  families 
of  those  who  were  at  their  death  in  such  connec- 
tion, are  entitled  to  aid." 

VI.  The  aul/iorili/  by  which  appropriations  must  be 
made  is  the  Presbytery,  or  its  Standing  Committee. 
To  that  authority  mu.st  every  ai)plication  foraid  be 
lirst  made.  Neverthile.ss,  special  gills  take  the 
diri'ction  indicated  by  the  donor. 

VII.  Adaptation  to  the  jinrlieiilar  eimimHlanren  of 
each  ease  as  it  arises,  is  an  important  feature  of  this 
plan. 

VIII.  The  final  decision  in  c;ieh  ca.so  i.s  entrusted  to 
the  Board,  consisting  of  fourtj'en  members,  twelve 
elected,  and  two,  the  Seentary  and  Treasurer,  mem- 
bers rj- oj7/Vi«.  Therule  i-;,  "  Whili-theresponsibility 
of  recommending  applicants   rests  with  the  Presby- 


teries, and  shall  largely  govern  the  action  of  the 
Board,  yet  the  Board  reserves  to  itself  the  right  to 
appropriate  according  to  the  mei-its  of  the  case,  and 
the  state  of  the  Tre;Lsury." 

IX.  The  Sliinding  Committee  on  Relief,  appointed 
by  each  Presbytery,  Ls  an  agency  es.sential  in  making 
this  scheme  efficient.  This  committee's  office  is  two- 
fold: 1st.  To  inquire  into  the  necessities  of  disiibled 
ministers  and  their  families,  witli  the  view  of  bring- 
ing such  causes  before  the  B.xird  by  recoramend;»tion. 
•2d.  To  give  attention  to  the  raising  of  the  funds  ne- 
ces.sary  to  snstain  the  cause.  This  is  to  be  done  by 
a\v:ikening  an  interest  in  all  the  churches  of  the 
Presbytery,  so  that  at  least  one  yearly  collection 
shall  betaken  np  in  each  church,  and  ])roper  measures 
be  adopted  to  increase  the  Permanent  Fund  by  Iw- 
quests  and  donations. 

X.  A  statement  of  the  doings  of  the  Board  for  the 
year  is  sent  up  to  each  General  .V.ssembly,  and  placed 
in  the  hands  of  a  standing  committee,  which  reports 
thereon. 

The  first  appropriation  was  made  in  Xovcmber, 
18.VJ;  the  first  rejOTrtwiLS  presented  to  the  Gimeral  .Vs- 
seinbly  of  18.">G,  and  in  18G1  the  first  Secretarj-  was 
:ip))ointe(l,  to  devote  to  the  cause  his  whole  time,  at 
which  time  it  was  reported  that  $.">,:J0S.87  had  been 
received  from  the  churches  during  the  year,  and 
fifty-two  families  had  been  a-ssisted. 

From  the  beginning  of  the  work  there  have  been 
gathered  one  million,  si.x  hundred  thou-sand  dol- 
lars, of  which  one  million,  thri-e  hundrc^d  thous- 
■ind  dollars  have  been  di.stributed  among  disabled 
ministers,  and  the  widows  and  orphans  of  dece.i.sed 
ministirs  of  the  Presbj-terian  Church,  and  three  hun- 
dred thous;ind  dollars  luvebeeii  invested  ;ls  a  Perin.->- 
nent  Fund. 

In  March,  l^KJ,  Dr.  .\le.'caiulir  M.  Uruen  conveyed 
to  this  Board,  in  fee  simple,  a  jirojuTty  at  Perth  .\m- 
boy,  N.  J.,  covering  eleven  and  a  half  aen-s,  worth 
from  $35,000  to  |!:50,000.  The  main  building  is  a 
substantial  .structure  of  stone  and  brick,  one  hundred 
and  twenty  feet  front  by  forty  deep,  with  three 
stories  and  a  baseinenl,  containing  eighty  r<M>ins.  on 
high  ground,  eoinmanding  a  view  of  Raritan  Piiiy 
and  the  Atlantic  Oceiin  in  the  distance.  This  is 
intended  as  a  comfortable  and  p«'rmanent  home  for 
those  whom  fnxl  h:is,  in  His  jirovidence,  committed 
to  tin-  care  of  this  Board. 

Bocock,  John  H.,  D.  D.,  was  lx)rn.  it  is  Im-- 
lieved,  in  the  county  of  .\pi)onialto\.  Va.  His  col- 
lege .studies  were  at  .Vmhi'rst,  M:ls.s.  His  tlu-ologieal 
tniining  wi«s  at  Union  Si-minary.  In  the  counties  of 
Buckingham,  Loui.s;»,  .\))pomattox  ami  Halifax,  and 
in  Parkersburg,  Harris«>nburg,  GiH>rget<iwn  (D.  C. ) 
and  Finavstle,  at  which  plaees  ho  \vi«  a  laborer  in 
the  vineyard  of  the  Lord  (though  we  do  not  give 
them  I'xaetly  in  their  suc<'ession^,  there  are  many  to 
whom  his  earni'sl,  )tointed  and  able  niinistry  was 
niiule  a  iiuickening  power,  and  others  to  whom    lie 


"BODILY  EXERCISE." 


85 


"BODILY  EXERCISE." 


was  "as  one  that  comforteth  the  mourners."  He 
was  a  zealous  man,  and  larncstly  desired  to  "turn 
many  to  riy;liteousness."  He  was  deeply  read  in  the 
great  masters  of  history  and  theology.  In  mental 
acuteness  he  was  equaled  by  few,  and  in  the  pulpit, 
in  debate,  in  the  social  circle,  or  with  the  pen,  his 
point  and  power  of  expression  were  often  surprising 
and  admirable.  Dr.  Bocock  closed  his  mortal  life 
July  17th,  1872,  in  his  fifty-ninth  year.  In  his  final 
illness,  con.scious  that  his  work  on  the  earth  on 
behalf  of  the  gospel  was  finished,  his  sole  desire 
every  day,  almost  every  hour,  uttered  in  tones  that 
indicated  the  clearest  vision  and  most  Joyful  antici- 
pations, was  t<i  depart  and  he  with  Christ. 

"  Bodily  Exercise."  The  great  awakening  of 
1801  and  1802,  in  Western  Pennsylvania,  was  marked 
by  extraordinary  intensity  and  success.  It  was  a 
memorable  time  of  the  display  of  divine  power  and 
grace  throughout  that  entire  region.  All  classes,  all 
ages,  all  conditions  in  life  were  aftected.  The  hoary- 
headed  sinner  was  bowed  and  subdued;  eyes  that  sel- 
dom wept  i)Oured  out  their  tears  like  rain;  hearts  that 
were  like  the  adamant  were  melted  beneath  the 
Spirit's  power,  and  lips  that  curled  with  scorn  at  the 
name  of  Jesus,  uttered  cries  for  mercy,  or  lisped  the 
praises  of  redeeming  love. 

Accompanying  this  work  of  divine  grace  was  the 
remarkable  etfect,  designated  at  the  time  and  since 
known  as  "  the  bodily  exercise,"  or  "jerks."  A 
writer  in  the  Western  Sliaxinnary  Jlaz/azinr,  after 
referring  to  a  solemn  communion  .season  in  the  con- 
gregation of  Cross-Road.s,  at  whi<'h  nine  ministers 
were  present,  three  of  whom  preached  on  Monday, 
one  in  the  house  and  two  out  in  the  encampments, 
adds:  "  This  was  a  very  solemn  day,  particularly  in 
the  house.  After  public  worshiji,  when  the  people 
were  preparing  to  remove,  the  scene  was  very  affecting; 
the  house  was  thronged  full,  and  when  some  of  those 
without  were  about  to  go  away,  they  found  that  parts 
of  their  families  were  in  the  house,  and  some  of 
them  lying  in  distress,  unable  to  remove."  Another 
account  describes  the  work  in  a  differentcongrcgation; 
"The  administration  of  the  Word  and  ordinances  w;is 
accompanied  with  an  extraordinary  effusion  of  divine 
influence  on  the  hearts  of  the  hearers.  Some  hun- 
dreds were,  during  the  sea.son,  convinced  of  their  sin 
and  miser}',  and  many  of  them  sank  down  and  cried 
bitterly  and  incessantly  for  several  hours.  Some  fell 
suddenly,  some  lost  their  strength  gradually,  some 
lay  quiet  and  silent,  .some  were  violently  agitated, 
and  many  sat  silently  weeping,  who  were  not  exer- 
cised with  bodily  affections." 

From  the  account  given,  these  affections,  it  is  evi- 
dent, were  diflerent  in  different  individuals. 

"It  is  no  unusual  thing,"  said  Dr.  JIcMillan,  "to 
see  persons  so  entirely  deprived  of  bodily  strength 
that  they  will  fall  from  their  seats,  or  off  their  feet, 
ijnd  l)e  as  unable  to  help  themselves  as  a  new-born 
child."     "There  was,"  says  Dr.  Anderson,  "in  some 


I  cases  gradually,  and  in  others  instantly,  a  total  loss 
!  of  bodily  strength,  so  that  they  fell  to  the  groiind, 
like  Saul  of  Tarsus,  and  with  oppression  of  the 
heart  and  lungs,  with  suspension  of  breath,  with  sobs 
and  loud  cries."  The  Rev.  Robert  Johnston,  in  a 
letter  to  the  Rev.  David  Elliott,  n.  D.,  respecting  the 
I  power  of  the  re«val  in  the  congregation  of  Scrub- 
grass,  in  Venango  county.  Pa.,  of  which  he  was  at 
that  time  pastor,  says:  "The  effects  of  this  work  on 
the  body  were  truly  wonderful,  and  so  various  that 
no  physical  cause  could  be  a.ssigned  for  their  produc- 
tion. I  have  seen  men  and  women  sitting  in  solemn 
attitude,  j)ondering  the  solemn  truths  that  were  pre- 
sented, and  in  a  moment  fall  from  their  seats,  or  off 
their  feet,  if  they  happened  to  be  standing,  ,as  helji- 
less  as  though  they  had  been  .shot,  and  lie  for  ten  or 
fifteen  or  twenty  minutes,  and  sometimes  as  long  as 
half  an  hour,  as  motionless  as  a  person  in  a  sound 
sleep.  At  other  times,  the  whole  frame  would  be 
thrown  into  a  .state  of  agitation  so  violent  as  seem- 
ingly to  endanger  the  safety  of  the  subject,  and  yet, 
in  a  moment,  this  agit;ition  would  cease,  and  the 
persons  arise  in  the  possession  of  all  their  bodily 
powers,  and  take  their  seats,  composed  and  solemn, 
without  the  least  sensation  of  pain  or  uneasiness. 
.  .  .  Another  fact  that  I  ascertained  beyond  doubt 
was,  that  those  who  lay  for  a  considerable  length  -of 
time,  apparently  insensible,  and  sometimes  without 
one  discernible  symptom  of  life,  except  the  natural 
warmth  and  color  of  the  skin,  could  hear,  understand 
and  reflect  on  what  they  heard  as  well  as,  or  better 
than,  when  in  possession  of  all  their  natural  powers. 
Xor  was  there  that  kind  of  uniformity  in  the  occur- 
rence of  the  different  effects  on  the  body  as  to  allow 
them  to  be  ascribed  to  corresponding  exercises  of  the 
mind.  Some  have  been  agitated  in  body,  under 
pleasing  exercises  of  mind,  and  others  have  lain 
motionless  under  the  anguish  of  a  wounded  .spirit. 
Some  were  under  deep  and  pungent  conviction  for 
weeks  before  they  felt  any  efl'eet  ou  the  body,  whilst 
some  pivssed  through  the  whole  course  of  awakening 
and  conviction,  and  became  hopefully  pious,  who 
never  felt  any  symptoms  of  bodily  agitation." 

"  The  physical  effects  of  the  excitement  on  the 
body  were  by  no  means  a  desirable  appendage,  in 
view  of  the  sensible  part  of  the  community,  but  they 
were  evidently  irresistible,  and  persons  were  as  liable 
to  be  affected  in  the  very  act  of  resisting  as  in  any 
other  circumstances;  and  many  who  came  to  mock 
and  oppose  remained  to  pray,  and  returned,  inquir- 
ing what  they  must  do  to  be  savtd." 

In  a  conversation  of  Mr.  Johnston  on  this  sub- 
ject, with  the  Rev.  Johnston  Eaton,  pastor  of  the 
church  of  Fairview,  in  the  Presbytery  of  Erie,  and 
which  is  given  in  "Lakeside,"  a  very  interesting 
work  by  his  son,  the  Rev.  S.  J.  JI.  Eaton,  D.  D.,  the 
following  additional  particulars  of  this  wondrous 
affection  of  the  bodily  powers  appear.  "  It  w:ls  not 
confined  to  the  place  of  religious  worship,  but  came 


BOGGS. 


86 


BOXD. 


npon  men  in  the  wood,  in  the  fields,  in  the  work- 
shop, at  home,  and  in  bed.  It  extended  to  persons 
of  different  ages  and  temperaments.  Even  children 
were  subject  to  the  affection.  The  grave,  the  gay, 
the  silent  and  t;ilkative,  the  sober  in  judgment  and 
the  volatile,  all  came  within  the  sphere  of  its  iudu- 
enee.  There  w;is  no  distinction.  Sometimes  it  came 
upon  those  who  were  professing  C'hri^^tians  and  who 
had  given  undoubted  evidences  of  piety.  On  the 
other  hand,  many  who  were  its  subjects  received  no 
spiritual  benefit,  but  went  on  careless  as  ever.  And 
some,  who  were  thus  exercised  and  failed  to  obtain 
hope,  yet  in  after  years  l)ecanie  pious,  did  not  trace 
their  conviction  to  tliis  cause. " 

"I  cannot,"  s:iid    Mr.  Johnston,  in  the  eon  versa- [ 
tion  just  referred  to,  "  account  for  the  matter  at  all. 
I  do  not  think  it  can  be  traced  to  physical  eau.ses. 
Physicians  who  were  present,  and  anxious  to  under- 
stand the  phenomena,  and  examined  the  subjects,  were  : 
completely  at  a  loss  to  account  for  the  matter,  or 
explain  it  to  their  satisfaction."     And  to  the  question 
of  Mr.  Eaton,  "  W:ls  this  bodily  exerci.se  encouraged 
by  thi^  niinistiTS  who  were  in  charge  of  these  meet^ 
ings?"     Mr.  Jobnston  replied,  "It  was  not.      It  w;is 
something  we  could   nut  iinderst;ind   and  we  sinii)Iy 
took  matters  ius  we  found   theni.      At    tlie   beginning 
of  the  revival    I    cautioned  my  people  against  out- 
cries or  outbursts  of  feeling.     This  seemed  to  have  a 
good  effect,  for,  although  the  work  was  very  power- 1 
ful,  yet  this  bodily  exercise  was  no  interruption  to  j 
the  services.     I  have  preached  to  a  crowded  assembly  j 
when  more  than  om^half  of  the   jM^ople  were  lying 
helpless    Ijcfore    mo    during   the   greater   ])ortion  of 
divine  service,  without  the  least  noise  or  disturbance 
of  any  kind  to  divert  or   interrupt  the  attention  of 
any  individual  from  the  word  S])olien."  \ 

The  Kev.  Thomas  Hunt,  who  was  ))rc.sent  at  I'pper 
Bullalo,  where  the  Rev.  Elisha  McCurdy,  from  a 
wagon,  preached  his  famous  war  sermcm,  "at  the 
close  of  which  the  scene  apiM-ared  like  the  close  of  a 
battle,  in  which  every  tenth  man  liad  fallen,  fatally 
wounded,"  s;iys: — 

"I  have  often  talked  with  McC'unly  about  that 
meeting.  It  will  never  be  forgotten  by  that  genera- 
tion. The  st;ite  of  the  times  may  have  had  some- 
thing to  do  with  the  matter.  The  gos|M>l  was  a  new 
thing  to  many  of  the  multitude  then;  yet,  withal,  it 
was  tlu^  mighty  power  of  God.  This  is  the  only 
explanation  we  can  give  of  the  matter.  And  this  is 
explanation  enough.  God  carries  forward  His  own 
work  in  His  own  way;  and  it  may  Ih'  that  this  bap- 
tism from  on  high  is  a  prcpanitioii  for  some  great 
mission  this  part  of  the  land  has  to  fullill." 

Bog^S,  John,  M.  D.,  was  born  August  7th,  17s7. 
Alter  leaving  college,  he  studied  medicine,  practiced 
his  profession  for  a  time  in  Huntingdon  county,  Pa., 
and  then  settled  in  Greencastle,  Pa.,  as  partner  of 
his  old  preceptor.  Dr.  McClellan.  While  the  war  of 
1812  was  in  progress.  Dr.  Doggs  joined  Company  3, 


Franklin  County  Volunteers,  and  went  with  it  to 
Baltimore,  September  8th,  1814,  where  his  company, 
with  several  others,  was  Ibnned  into  a  regiment,  and 
he  was  appointed  Assistant  Surgeon.  After  tliLs  he 
resumed  his  practice  in  Greencastle,  and  with  sin- 
gular success.  He  had  a  strong  hold  on  the  confi- 
dence and  affection  of  the  families  under  his  medical 
care.  Dr.  Hoggs  was  an  earnest  and  active  elder  of 
the  Presb.vterian  Church  at  tireeneastle  from  l^'i'> 
until  his  death,  July  12th,  1847.  "An  eminent 
physician,  a  faithful  elder,  an  affectionate  husliand, 
father  and  friend,  a  us«'ful  citizen,  an  humble  Chris- 
tian: his  life  was  piety,  his  death  Wiis  pcijce." 

Bolton,  Rev.  James  G-ray,  w;us  lM)rn  at  Kilrea, 
in  the  County  of  Dcrry.  Inlanil,  March  17th,  l-4!t. 
After  preiKiring  for  Belf:ist  College,  he  came  to 
America  in  18C(!,  and  soon  entered  a  military  school 
in  Cranbury,  N.  J.  In  18C8  he  entered  Lafayette 
College,  and  in  his  Sophomore  year  was  elected 
orator  of  the  Franklin  Literary  Society  for  their 
annual  exhibition.  In  1871  he  was  elected  Principal 
of  Ple;us;int  Grove  Academy,  near  York,  Pa.,  and 
met  the  demands  of  the  position  very  acceptably. 
He  entered  Union  Theological  Seminary  in  1872,  and 
gnuluated  in  H7.">.  .\lH)Ut  this  time  Lafayette  Col- 
lege conferred  upon  him  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M. 
Hefore  leaving  the  Seminary  he  aecept<'d  a  call  Irom 
the  Session  of  Calvary  Presbyterian  Church,  Philadel- 
phia, to  tiike  cliarge  of  Hojw  Chapel.  Here  he  was 
ordained  by  the  Presbj-tery  of  Philadelphia,  in  1875, 
and  he  has  since  labon-d  in  this  field  with  very 
gratifying  success,  the  flock  enjoying  external  and 
internal  prosperity  iinder  his  faithful  ministry. 

Bond,  Rev.  Le'wis,  Jr. ,  was  Iwm  in  Plainfield. 
New  Jersey,  October  l-ith,  l-*:!!!;  graduated  at  the 
College  of  New  Jersey  in  18(il,  and  at  the  I'nion 
Theological  Seminary,  New  York,  in  1807,  alter 
which  he  was  a  Kesident  Licentiate,  1867-8.  He 
was  ordained  in  18()8.  Soon  after  he  went  to  Turkey 
and  joined  the  European  Turkey  Mission  of  the 
.\merican  Board.  He  w;is  st;itioncd  at  Eski  Z;>ghra 
nine  ye:irs,  until  its  destruction  by  the  Turkish 
army  under  Suleiman  Pasha.  His  assix'iate,  Mr. 
Marsh,  and  himself,  were  the  only  Europeans  in  the 
city,  and  proliably  the  only  Christian  men  who  wire 
not  m:uss;icred  by  tin-  Circa-ssiansand  Ifcishi-Bjizouks. 
He  was  obliged  to  psiy  nearly  forty  dollars  to  a  blootl- 
thirsty  Circassian,  to  dissuade  him  from  hacking  off 
his  "infidel"  head.  Several  jK'rsons  who  had  lied 
to  his  hoase  were  butchered,  and  he  cmild  do  nothing 
to  prevent  it.  At  length  he  anil  Mr.  Marsh  alxind- 
cmed  their  houses  tothe  llames  and  ficd  the  city  with 
their  families.  They  were  three  days  on  the  plain, 
subsisting  chiclly  on  raw  wheat,  when  they  reached 
the  railriKul  and  civilized  |H-o])le.  Mr.  Bond's  resi- 
dence at  present  is  Monastir,  Macedonia,  Turkey, 
where  he  is  happy  in  preaching  the  gospel  to  the 
perishing,  and  training  up  a  native  ministry.  The 
Lord  has  blessed  him  in  his  goiHl  work. 


BOOTH. 


87 


BOSTWICK. 


Booth,  Henry  Matthias,  D.  D.,  was  born  in 
New  York  city,  October  3d,  1843.  He  graduated  at 
Williams  College  in  1864,  and  at  the  Union  Theo- 
logical Seminary,  New  York,  in  1867,  and  in  the 
same  year  accepted  the  call  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church,  Englewood,  N.  J.,  and  wxs  ordained  and 
installed  by  the  Fourth  Presbytery  of  New  York, 
upon  the  lUth  of  September.  Here  he  has  continued 
ever  since,  laboring  with  great  earnestness,  and  with 
marked  acccptableness  and  success. 

Dr.  Booth  is  an  accomplished  and  genial  gentle- 
man, an  able  and  instructive  jireacher,  and  a  devoted 
and  faithful  pastor.  In  connection  with  his  pastoral 
duties  he  has  found  time  to  serve  upon  several 
important  Committees  and  Boards  of  the  Church,  to 
membership  in  which  the  confidence  of  his  brethren 
in  his  judiciousness  and  efEcicncy  has  summoned 
him.  He  has  labored  with  commeiid,able  zeal  for 
the  cause  of  Systematic  Beneficence,  and  also  for  the 
cause  of  Temperance,  in  connection  with  the  Perma- 
nent Committee  of  the  General  Assembly,  of  which 
he  is  the  chairman.  As  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Church  Erection  and  of  the  Board  of  Home  Missions 
he  has  also  rendered  most  valuable  ser\'ice.  He 
counts  the  ministry  his  joy,  and  his  heart  and  hand 
respond  promptly  and  cheerfully  to  the  claims  of 
every  work  that  aims  at  the  elevation  of  humanity 
and  the  salvation  of  men. 


ROBERT  ECSSELL  BOOTH,  P.P. 

Booth,  Robert  Russell,  D.  D.,  eldest  son  of 
William  A.  and  Alida  (Russell)  Booth,  was  born  in 
New  York  city.  He  graduated  at  Williams  College 
in  184!),  and  at  Auburn  Theological  Seminary  in 
1852.  After  spending  some  months  in  Europe  and  the 


East,  in  November,  1853,  he  was  ordained  colleague 
with  Rev.  Dr.  Beraan,  of  the  First  Presbj-terian 
Church,  Troy,  N.  Y.,  and  in  that  position  he  re- 
mained for  three  and  a  half  years.  Early  in  1857  he 
was  in.stalled  over  the  First  Presbyterian  Cliurch  of 
Stamford,  Conn.  In  March,  18G1,  he  was  settled 
over  the  Mercer  strict  Presbyterian  Church  in  New 
York.  In  the  Fall  of  1870,  after  the  reunion  of  the  Old 
and  New  School  churches,  the  Mercer  street  Church 
united  with  that  in  University  Place,  removing  to 
the  edifice  of  the  latter,  and  he  became  pastor  of  the 
new  organization,  which  position  he  has  recently 
resigned. 

Dr.  Booth  is  an  able,  attractive  and  successful 
preacher.  He  has  been  an  active  worker  through 
life,  filling  responsible  positions  with  success.  He 
has  been  a  trustee  of  Williams  College  since  1866, 
was  chairman  of  the  New  School  A.sscmbly's  Com- 
mittee on  Foreign  Missions,  member  of  the  American 
Board's  Prudential  Committee,  and  of  the  E.\ecutive 
Committee  of  the  Evangelical  Alliance,  and  Director 
of  Union  and  Princeton  Theological  Seminaries.  As 
Chairman  of  the  Church  E.vtension  Committee  of  the 
New  York  Presbytery  he  has  been  very  efficient,  the 
debts  resting  upon  the  churches  having  been  almost 
entirely  removed  by  the  Committee.  Dr.  Booth's 
recent  church  sustains  several  large  and  flourishing 
missions  in  the  needy  parts  of  the  city.  A  number 
of  his  sermons  have  been  published,  and  he  has  made 
frequent  contributions  to  the  religious  journals.  His 
business  ability  and  forcible  speaking  always  give 
him  a  prominent  place  in  the  Chiu-ch  courts. 

Bostwick,  Rev.  David,  was  born  in  New  5Iil- 
ford.  Conn.,  in  1T21.  He  was  of  Scotch  extraction. 
He  entered  Yale  College,  but  before  graduating,  left, 
and  completed  his  studies  with  Jlr.  Burr,  at  New- 
ark. For  some  time  he  was  his  assistant  in  the 
Academy.  He  was  ordained  by  New  York  Presby- 
tery, pastor  at  Jamaica,  Long  Island,  October  9th, 
1745.  Here  he  remained  more  than  ten  years,  in 
great  repute,  among  not  only  his  own  people,  but 
his  brethren  in  the  ministry  and  the  surrounding 
churches. 

On  April  14th,  17.56,  Jlr.  Bostwick  accepted  a  call 
to  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  in  New  York,  and 
was  installed  shortly  after.  In  the  Winter  of  this 
year  the  prevalence  of  smallpox  put  him  to  study 
what  was  present  duty  and  the  mind  of  Providence 
in  regard  to  himself  and  his  fomily.  "I  had  rather 
die  in  the  way  of  duty, "  said  he,  "  than  purchase 
life  by  running  out  of  it.  I  have,  therefore,  con- 
cluded to  stay;  but  I  have  thought  it  prudent  to  send 
my  famil}- to  Newark."  He  died  November  lith, 
1763,  aged  forty-three  years. 

Mr.  Bostwick  published  a  sermon,  preached  in 
1758,  at  Philadelphia,  before  the  Reverend  Synod  of 
New  York,  entitled,  "Self  Disclaimed  and  Christ 
Exalted,"  which  was  reprinted  in  London,  1776; 
also,    '"An  Account  of  the  Life,  Character  and  Death 


BOTSFOKD. 


88 


now  si:. 


of  President  Davics,"  prefixed  to  Davies'  Sormon  on  |  ford  is  an  earnest  laborer  and  a  pleasant  and   im- 

the  diath  of  tiiorgc  II,  ITIJl.  After  his  dcalli,  tluTo  pressive  K|>eaker.  His  sermons  indicate  aliility. 
was  pnblished,  from  his  manuscripts,  "A  Kair  and  carefultlionglit,  lo^^ical  rcasoninKandsoiindjudgnicnt. 
Kational  Vindicjition  of  tlie  Right  of  Infants  to  tlic  lie  indulges  in  no  vain,  florid  rlietoric,  avoids  the 
Ordinance  of  Baptism,  being  the  substance  of  several  tricks  of  sensationalism,  and  preaches  as  though  he 
discoursi'S  from  Acts  ii,  39."  This  Tract  was  re-  had  a  mission  to  his  hearers  which  they  cannot 
printed  in  London,  and  a  second  American  edition  of  afford  to  ignore. 

it  was  printed  in  17:!7.  The  degree  of  Master  of  Arts  '  Bo'wer,  Ed'wrin,  D.  D.,  a  nn-mlKT  of  the 
was  conferred  on  Mr.  Bostwick,  by  the  College  of  Presbytery  of  Chester,  ami  1'rofes.sor  of  Theolog)' in 
New  Jersey,  in  17.)(i,  and  he  w;us  one  of  the  overseers  '  Lincoln  I'niversity,  de|Kirted  this  life  April  7th,  1883. 


of  the  simie  institution  from  17(il  till  his  death. 
The  Kev.  Joseph  Treat,  who  w:us  called  to  be  Mr. 


Dr.    Bower  wits  Ijorn  in    Lane;uster  county,   Pa.,  in 
18"2G;   graduated  at   Princeton  College  in  IST)!,  and 


Bost^vick's  colleague  in  October,  17(52,  sjiys:     "Asa  then  entered  the  Theological  Seminary  in  that  place, 

preacher  he  was  uncommonly  popular.    His  gifts,  and  where  he  remained  three  years.     He  became  jjastor 
qualifications  for  the  pulpit  were  of  a  high  order.  !  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  at  Wappinger's  Falls,  N. 

His  ajjpearanee  and  dei>ortment  were  peculiarly  ven-  Y.,  from  which  he  went,  in  1801,  to  b<>come  pxstor 

erable.     He  pos.si\s.si'd  a  clear  understanding,  a  warm  of  the   .Second    Pre.sl)_\-terian  Church  in  Springlield, 

heart,  .1  quick  apprehension,  a  lively  imagination,  a  Ohio.     Al't<-r  serving  this  Cluirch  for  si.x  years  he  was 

solid  judgment.     He  had  a  strong  voice,  and  spoke  elected  Profe.s.sor  of  Theolog\-  in  Lincoln  University, 

in  a  di.stinct,  deliberate  and  im])re,ssive  manniT,  and  and  to  this  institution  he  gavefifteen  years  of  diligent 


with  a  commanding  elociuenee.  He  dealt  faitlifully 
with  his  hearers,  declaring  to  them  the  whole  counsel 
of  Go<l,  showing  them  their  danger  and  their  remedy, 


and  succes-slnl  labor.  I'or  this  post  he  was  well 
qualified  by  his  education,  by  careful  study,  and  by 
exi>erience  in  teaching,  as  well  as  by  his  thorough 


speaking  with  the  solemnity  Vcoining  the  impoi-tanec   sympathy  with  the  young  men  of  the  race  he  was 
of  the  subject,  in  language  pure  and  eUg-.uit,  plain    called  to  teach.     He  w;ls  patient,  kind,  and  in  many 


and  affectionate,  never  below  the  dignity  of  tlie  pul- 
pit, nor  above  the  capacity  of  any  of  liis  hearers." 


ways  hel])l'ul  to  his  ])n)>ils,  and  they  were  strongly 
attached  to  him,  as  a  friend  and  eoun.sellor.     He  was 


"His  piety  and  prudence,"  .s;iys  Dr.  Miller,  "were  ^  highly  csteemcil  by  the  ministerial  circles  in  which 


as  con.spicuous  as  his  brilliant  gifts.      His  eloiiuence 
w;is  such  as  few  .ittain;  the  ardor  of  his  piety,  and 


he  moved.      He  was  a  man  of  true  modesty,  deferring 
to  the  opinions  of  others,  but  always  holding  firmly 


tlie  purity  of  his  life,  gave  him  a  strong  hold  on  pub-  i  to  the  convictions  which  he  luid  fiirmi'd,  and  express- 


lie  esteem." 


ing  them  Guididly  ami  in  earnest  woriLs.     He  liv«l 


Botsford,  Rev.  Alfred  P.,  was  born  in  Onon- ,  in  communion  with  Christ.  In  the  pulpit  he  was 
daga  county,  X.  Y.,  .\pril  ilst,  1827.  He  graduated  always  heard  Avith  pleasure  and  profit,  and  always 
at  Union  College  in  1847,  and  was  chosen  to  deliver  dealt  with  the  great  themes  of  the  go.s|x-l  of  Christ, 
the  lUilian  oration.  He  was  made  a  nicmlKT  of  the  which  ln'  heartily  lov<'d  and  eonslaiitly  preache<l. 
Phi  Beta  Kappa  Society.  After  graduation  he  was,  BO'WTnan,  Francis,  D.  D.,  was  Ixirn  in 
for  a  time,  Profe.s.sor  of  .Vncieiit  and  .Moilirn  Lan- ,  We.stford,  near  Burlington,  Vt.,  IVbruary  27th.  1795; 
guages  in  the  High  Seliiwl  at  Uniontown,  Pa.,  and  gr.iduated  at  the  University  of  Vermont;  entered 
then  Principal  of  the  Vernon  Academy,  near  Utica,  Princeton  .Seminary  in  1821;  w:us  licensed  to  preach 
N.  Y.  Ho  entered  Princeton  Theological  .Seminary  by  the  Presbytery  of  Otsego,  July  17th,  1824;  w;is 
in  Septeml>er,  1849;  at  the  clo.se  of  the  second  year  i  ordaine<l  to  the  full  work  of  the  gospel  ministry  by 
was  li<-ciis<-d  by  the  Pre.sbj't<-ry  of  New  Brunswick  to  the  Pn\sbytery  of  Hanover,  and  In-i-ame  p.TStor  of  the 
preach  the  gospel,  after  which  he  continued  his  Church  at  Charlott<'sville,  Va.,  where,  as  well  as  in 
studies  in  the  .Seminary  until  his  graduation  in  May,  the  Church  of  South  Plains,  in  which  he  also 
18.")2,  also  KU])plying,  at  the  s;ime  time,  the  Wither-  pre.iehed,  his  lalxirs  were  gri^atly  lile.ss<il.  He  Kubs<-- 
sjioon  .Streit  Chunh,  and  ttaching  a  imrochial  s<hi»)l    quently  <-ntered  the  si'rvice  of  the   .\nuric;iu   Bible 


connected  with  the  Presbyterian  Church  at  Princeton. 
He  was  pastor  at  Red  Mills,  N.  Y.,  then  at  llnghson- 
ville,  on  the  Ilud.son,  where,  from  April  2(ilh,  18.54, 
he  labored  nearly  four  years,  with  gratifying 
succes.s.  He  wjus  installed  pastor  of  Port  Byron,  X. 
Y.,  in  July,  18.">7,  and  after  laboring  there  plea.santly 
and  prosperously  for  four  ye.irs,  he  took  charge,  in 
18(!1,  of  the  Finy-sixth  Street  Presbyterian  Church, 
New   York  city,    where  he  labored  six   years,  with 


Society,  then  resumed  the  work  of  the  ministry, 
preaching  at  Greenslwro,  Ga.,  and  at  I'.ryan  Xeck, 
Brj-an  county,  Ga.,  near  Sjivannah.  He  died  April 
2(ith,  1S7.'>,  in  his  eighty-first  year.  His  end  was 
])eace.  Dr.  Bowman  was  a  noble  s|)ecimen  of  n 
refined,  Cliristian  gentleman,  and  of  a  devoted  and 
intelligent  preacher  of  the  gospel. 

BcwTie,  Hon.  James,  of  Poughkeeiwie,  X.  Y., 
was  born  in   Fishkill,  X.  Y.,  DecemlK-r  2.">th,   1798. 


success.     Ho  was  installed  over  the  church  at  Port    NNHien  ho  was  sixteen,  years   old    he    left    his   home 


JervLs,  in  June,  IS*",  of  which  he  now  lias  charge, 
with  the  divine  blessing  on  his  ministry.     Mr.  Bols- 


for  Poughkeepsie,  where  he  s]M-nt  his  life,  as  clirk 
and  merchant,  commanding  res|K-et,  and  a  iKwitive 


BOUDINOT. 


BOYD. 


force  for  good  in  all  his  relationships.  His  fellow- 
citizens  honored  him  with  many  imiwrtant  trusts, 
electing  him  to  the  JIayoralty  in  1861,  which  office 
he  filled  with  scrupulous  fidelity.  In  religious 
and  moral  movements  Mr.  Bowne  was  one  of  the 
most  useful  of  men.  The  Presbj-terian  Church  of 
Poughkeepsie  is  largely  indebted  to  him  for  its 
growth  and  prosperity,  as  he  was  an  active  mover  in 
its  organization  in  1826,  became  a  member  in  1828 
and  an  elder  in  1830,  which  office  he  held  until  his 
death,  July  31st,  1883.  For  fifty-five  years  he  was  a 
diligent  and  successful  teacher  in  the  Sabbath  school, 
and  for  many  years  a  prominent  trustee  of  the  Church. 

Mr.  Bowne  was  long  an  earnest  friend  of  the  Tem- 
perance c^iuse.  His  historj-  in  this  respect  is  some- 
what peculiar.  In  1829,  when  merchants  sold  and 
the  multitude  drank  intoxicating  liquors,  he  was 
in  New  York  for  the  purchase  of  goods,  liquors 
among  the  rest.  Being  induced  to  attend  the  anni- 
versary of  the  National  Temperance  Society,  he  was 
deeply  interested  in  the  addresses.  As  the  result 
he  resolved  to  make  a  smaller  purchase  of  liquors 
than  he  intended,  and  subsequently  determined  to 
put  his  liquors  in  the  cellar,  and  by  this  suppress, 
in  a  measure,  their  free  use  by  customers  and  others. 
Finally,  one  Sabbath  evening,  on  his  return  from 
church  service,  he  descended  into  the  cellar,  turned 
open  the  faucets  of  the  several  liquor  casks,  and 
allowed  the  contents  to  flow  out  and  waste  upon  the 
cellar  floor.  This  action  was  followed  by  the  forma- 
tion of  the  first  Temper^mee  Society  of  Poughkeepsie. 

Boudinot,  Elias,  LXj.D.,  was  a  prominent  and 
useful  member  ol'  the  Presbyterian  Church.  He  was 
born  in  Philadelphia,  May  2d,  1710.  After  a  classi- 
cal education,  he  studied  law  under  Kichard  Stockton, 
and  soon  after  entering  on  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion in  New  Jersey  rose  to  distinction.  He  early 
espoused  the  cause  of  his  countrj'.  In  1777,  Congress 
appointed' him  Commissary  General  of  Pensioners, 
and  in  the  same  year  he  was  elected  a  delegate  to 
Congress,  of  which  body  he  was  elected  the  president, 
in  November,  1782.  In  that  capacity  he  put  his  sig- 
nature to  the  treaty  of  peace.  He  returned  to  the 
profession  of  the  law,  but  was  again  elected  to  Con- 
gress, under  the  new  Constitution,  in  1789,  and  was 
continued  a  member  of  the  House  six  years.  In  1796 
Washington  appointed  him  the  Director  of  the  Mint 
of  the  United  States,  as  the  successor  of  Rittenhouse: 
in  this  office  he  continued  till  1 80.5,  when  he  resigned 
it,  and,  retiring  from  Philadelphia,  pa.ssed  the  re- 
mainder of  his  life  at  Burlington,  New  .Tersey.  He 
died,  October  2  !th,  1821,  aged  eightj'-one. 

After  the  establishment,  in  1816,  of  the  .Vraerican 
Bible  Society,  which  he  assisted  in  creating.  Dr. 
Boudinot  was  elected  its  first  president,  and  he  made 
it  a  donation  of  ten  thousand  dollars.  He  afterwards 
contributed  lilx'rally  towards  the  erection  of  its  de- 
pwsitory.  In  1812  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
-Vmeriean   Board  of  Commissioners  of   Foreign  Mis- 


sions, to  which  he  presented,  the  next  year,  a  donation 
of  one  hundred  i>ounds,  sterling.  He  was  deeply 
interested  in  every  attempt  to  meliorate  the  condi- 
tion of  the  American  Indians.  His  house  was  the 
seat  of  hospitality,  and  his  days  were  spent  in  the 
studies  of  biblical  literature,  in  the  exercise  of  the 
loveliest  charities  of  life,  and  the  j)erformance  of 
the  highest  Christian  duties.  He  Wiis  a  trustee  of 
Princeton  College,  in  which  he  founded,  in  1805,  the 
cabinet  of  natural  history.  He  was  cheered  and  sup- 
ported by  his  religion  as  he  went  down  to  the  grave. 
His  last  prayer  was,  "  Lord  Jesus  receive  my  spirit." 
By  his  last  will,  Dr.  Boudinot  bequeathed  Ids  large 
estate  principally  to  charitable  uses. 

Boyd,  Rev.  Abraham,  was  born  in  Ireland, 
in  December,  1770.  He  jnirsued  his  studies  at  the 
Canonsburg  Academy,  and  was  licensed  to  preach 
the  gospel  June  25th,  1800,  by  the  Presbytery  of 
Ohio.  On  June  17th,  1802,  he  was  installed  pastor 
of  the  congregations  of  Bull  Creek  and  Middlesex,  in 
Armstrong  county.  Pa.  This  relation  continued  at 
Middlesex  until  1817,  and  at  Bull  Creek  until  June 
25th,  1833.  After  leaving  Middlesex  he  gave  half 
his  time  to  Deer  Creek,  from  1817  to  1821.  An  anec- 
dote of  Mr.  Boyd  is  related  in  connection  with  his 
early  ministrj'.  He  was  pa.ssing  through  the  wootls 
on  the  Sabbath,  on  his  way  to  preach.  In  the  depth 
of  the  forest  he  encountered  an  Indian,  tricked  out 
in  his  feathers  and  war  paint.  He  saw  that  he  was 
observed,  and  to  flee  would  be  in  vain,  so  he  knelt 
down  at  the  roots  of  a  large  tree,  and  in  full  view  of 
the  savage,  and  began  to  pray.  ^^Tien  he  arose  Iron, 
his  knees  the  Indian  had  departed,  and  he  was  .safe 
Mr.  Boyd  was  a  spiritually-minded  man,  an  earnest 
preacher,  and  a  strict  di.scipliuarian.  He  was  also  a 
man  of  great  power  in  prayer,  and  seemed  to  grow  in 
grace  as  he  grew  iil  years. 

Boyd,  Rev.  Adam,  was  born  at  Ballymoney, 
Ireland,  in  1692,  and  came  to  New  England  as  a 
probationer  in  1722  or  1723.  He  was  received  under 
the  care  of  New  Castle  Presbytery  in  July,  172-4.  He 
accepted  a  call  to  the  eliurchcs  of  Octorara  and 
Pcquea,  and  w;is  ordained,  October  13th,  at  Octorara. 
In  October,  1727,  the  families  on  th(^  west  side  of 
the  stream  Octorara  having  asked  for  one-third  of  his 
labors,  he  was  directed  to  spend  every  si.xth  Sabbath 
at  Middle  Octorara.  The  Forks  of  Braudywine  com- 
posed part  of  his  field  until  1734.  In  the  progress 
of  the  great  rerival,  a  large  portion  of  his  congre- 
gation having  left  him  and  joined  the  Brunswick 
brc^tliren,  he  asked  leave,  August  11th,  1741,  to  accept 
the  invitation  given  him  by  the  fraction  of  Branuy- 
wine  which  adhered  to  the  Old  Side.  His  relation  to 
the  Forks  was  dissolved  in  1758.  He  died  November 
23d,  1768.  Mr.  Boyd  was  a  man  of  great  exactness, 
recording  in  what  articles  his  salary  was  paid;  thus, 
John  Long  jKiid  by  publications  (as  a  magistrate)  of 
marriages  and  astrays,  and  by  a  riddle.  His  congre- 
gation agreed  to  pay  him  twenty-five  pounds  yearly 


BOYD. 


90 


B£ACK£TT. 


during  his  life,  and  several  of  them  rememhered  him, 
in  tluir  dying  testaments,  by  small  bt^nue-sts.  | 

Boyd,  Andrew  Hunter  Holmes,  D.  D.,  the 
set-oiul  si)n  of  General  Elisha  Boyil,  of  Berkeley 
county,  Va.,  was  born  at  Hoydsville,  near  Martins- 
burg,  in  l-^l  1.  He  reeeivcd  his  aeademic  edueation 
at  Martinslmrganil  Middleburg;  wlien  fourteen  years 
old,  entered  the  junior  class  of  Jefferson  College,  and 
graduiitfd  with  distinction  in  1830.  Shortly  after 
entering  college  he  joined  the  Presbyterian  Church, 
and  resolved  to  preach  the  gospel.  After  graduation 
iu  .Jefferson  he  sjxnt  two  years  at  New  Haven,  to 
perfect  himself  in  particular  studies,  completed  a 
regular  coursi;  of  theological  edue;ition  thereiifter,  at 
Princeton,  and  subsequently  attended  lectures  deliv- 
ered by  Dr.  Clialniers  and  Sir  William  Hamilton,  in 
Edinburgh.  He  w;is  licensed  to  preach  the  gospel  at 
Wooilstoc'k,  by  the  Presbytery  of  AVinchester,  in 
1837;  entered  upon  his  first  charge  over  tlie  churches 
of  Leesburg  and  Middleburg  in  1"'3S;  accepted  a  call 
to  Harrisonburg  in  l^l-IO,  and  to  Winchester  in  1SJ2. 
His  valuabU^  ministry  of  twenty-three  years  in  this 
last  church  was  terminated,  after  a  mournful  and 
protracted  illnes.s,  Deeemlxr  Kith,  lf<G.j. 

Dr.  Boyd  WiW  a  man  of  fine  intellect.  He  was 
endowed  with  quick  and  clear  ix-rccption,  a  sound, 
discriminating  and  comprehensive  jadgment,  and 
especially  with  strong  and  active  reasoning  fa<'ulties. 
He  was  a  man  of  indefatigiible  nuntal  industry 
throughout  his  life,  constantly  accumulating  valuable 
knowUslge,  miscellaneous  and  professional.  His 
life-iMiwer  lay  largely  in  those  distinguished  moral 
principles,  which  were  every  way  equal  to  his  mental 
endowments.  He  was  a  man  of  .strong  feelings, 
vehement  promptings,  inflexible  principles.  His 
character  was  remarkably  well  balanced,  1x)th  in  its 
moral  feelings  and  in  its  active  principles.  He  ww 
(■luracterized  by  pre-iniinent  simplicity,  inde;K'nd- 
ence  and  intrejiidity.  This  hist  virtue  he  exhibit«d 
unostentatiously  tlirougho\it  life.  In  ])rinciple  every- 
body felt  that  he  w:us  benevolent,  just,  true,  firm 
and  modest;  in  practice  everybody  knew  him  to  be 
earnest  and  studious,  and  steady  and  reliable.  He 
left  his  mark  amongst  men,  and  wrought  a  great 
work  for  the  Church  of  God. 

Bracken,  Thos.  A.,  D.  D.,  son  of  Henry  and 
Martha  Bracken,  was  born  in  AVashington  county, 
Pa.,  .Vugu.st  llth,  l-WO.  His  grandfather,  Thomas 
Bracken,  w;is  one  of  the  first  trustees  of  Canons- 
burg  Academy,  alt-rwards  Jefferscm  Collegi'.  Dr. 
Bracken  is  sprung  from  a  family  of  preachers,  two  of 
his  paternal  uncles,  four  of  his  brothers-in-law,  and 
several  cousins  havinfr  entered  the  Presbyterian 
ministry.  Dr.  Bracken  was  gniduatcd  at  Jefferson 
College,  Pa.,  in  1843;  studied  theology  in  New 
Albany  Siiuinary,  Ind. ;  was  orilained  by  U]>ix'r 
lIi.s.souri  Presbytery  and  installed  p:ustor  of  Prairie 
Church,  in  Lafayette  county,  Mo.,  in  IHli);  inst;Uled 
pastor  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  Independence, 


Mo.,  in  18.5.5,  and  took  pa.storal  charge  of  the  Second 
Presbj-terian  Church,  Lelxinon,  Ky.,  in  1867,  where 
he  still  remain.*. 

Sprung  from  the  Sc-otch-Irish  stock,  Dr.  Bracken 
maintains  their  sturdy  adhesion  to  the  Confession  of 
Faith  and  the  Form  of  Government,  and  their  rcpug- 
mauce  to  latitudinarianism  in  doctrine,  or  laxity  in 
morals.  His  mind  is  of  a  decidedlj' logical  turn;  he 
ia  fond  of  the  epistle  to  the  Romans,  and  of  system- 
atic viewsof  theology.  As  a  preacher  he  is  Scriptural, 
.sound,  very  much  in  earnest,  rightly  dividing  the 
Word  of  Truth.  As  a  pastor  he  has  the  happy  fiieulty , 
of  attaehiug  his  people  warmly  to  himself.  Dr. 
Bracken  is  a  strong  advoeatec  of  education,  and  has 
been  an  active  and  liberal  supporter  of  Central 
University,  at  Riehiuond,  Ky. 

Brackett,   Gilbert   Robbins,  D.  D.,  son  of 


aiLBt.KT    ituBRIN:^    1M1ACKI.it,    1>.    I> 

Charles  and  Lucy  (Gay)  Brackett,  was  born  in  the 
city  of  Newton,  Mass.,  July  9th,  1^^3.^.  Entered 
.\mherst  College  in  18.">3;  w:is  compelle<l  to  leave 
liefore  graduating,  on  account  of  ill  health.  Remov- 
ing South  in  ls.")!»,  h«  entered  the  Theological  Semi- 
nary at  Columbia,  S.  C,  and  gr.iduated  in  May, 
180-2.  W:»s  licens<d  to  preach  by  lU-thel  Presby- 
tery, S.  C.  Ordained  and  installed  pastor  of  Third 
Creek  Cliurch,  Rowan  county,  N.  C,  May  1 1th,  IStil, 
Became  p;»stor  of  Scion  Church,  Winnsboro,  8.  C. 
Juno  5th,  1808.  Accepted  n  call  to  the  Second 
Presbyterian  Church,  Charleston,  S.  C,  M.iy,  1871, 
and,  as  the  succes-sor  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Thomas  Smjih, 
who  had  servwl  the  churcli  with  great  acceptance, 
devotion  and  distinction  for  fort v  years,  was  installed 


BRADFORD. 


91 


BRAISERD. 


pastor  in  June,  1872.  In  1877  Davidson  College, 
N.  C,  conferred  upon  Mr.  Brackett  the  honorary 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity. 

In  the  several  pastoral  relations  wliieh  he  has  held, 
as  in  the  large  and  important  charge  which  he  now 
ailininisters,  Dr.  Brackett  has  been  uniformly  happy 
and  successful.  \  close  and  eager  student  of  all 
knowledge  that  may  be  made  tributary  to  his  sacred 
calling,  he  is  an  unwearied  and  faithful  laborer  in  all 
its  practical  duties.  Forcible,  logiail,  elociuent  and" 
earnest  in  the  pulpit,  he  is  a  pastor,  wi.sc,  gentle, 
sjTnpathetic  and  self-sacrificing.  .Vdmirably  quali- 
fied to  win  distinction  in  letters,  and  often  Ciilled 
upon  for  public  addresses,  his  aml)ition  is  bounded 
by  the  desire  to  win  souls.  Whilst  in  pulpit  prepara- 
tion he  will  have  none  but  "  lieaten  oil  for  the  lamps 
of  the  sanctuary,"  it  is  only  that  their  light  may 
shine  upon  his  JIaster.  Devoted,  by  intelligent  con- 
viction, to  the  polity  and  doctrines  of  his  own  Church, 
and  ready  always  to  uphold  and  defend  them,  he 
counts  all  as  brethren  who  seek  earnestly  to  follow 
the  same  Lord,  though  by  ways  unessentially  dif- 
ferent. Illustrating  in  himself  the  unselfish  spirit 
of  the  gospel,  he  is  the  centre  of  a  dear  regard  and 
affection  from  all,  and  especially  from  his  brethren 
in  the  ministry,  by  whom  he  is  equally  honored  and 
loved.  Dr.  Brackett  is  a  frequent  contributor  to 
theological  re\-iews,  and  many  of  his  occasional 
.sermons  are  in  print.  His  memorial  discourse  upon 
the  decease  of  his  revered  predecessor.  Dr.  Smyth, 
has  been  widely  circulated  and  read. 

Bradford,  Hon.  Benjamin  Rush,  second  son 
of  the  Hon.  Thomas  Bradford,  l,L,i>.,  and  Elizabeth 
his  wife,  was  burn  in  PhihuliljAia,  September  l.jth, 
1813.  His  academical  studies  were  conducted  in 
Pittsfield,  Mass.  Owing  to  his  delicate  health  he 
did  not  pa-ss  through  a  regular  collegiate  course.  He 
resided  three  years  in  Dover,  Del.,  where  he  resusci- 
tated the  old  Presbyterian  Church.  He  became  a 
member  of  the  Fifth  Presbyterian  Church,  Philadel- 
phia, in  1831,  and  was  one  of  the  number  of  those 
young  men  who  formed  the  nucleus  of  the  Union 
Benevolent  Society.  In  1837  he  removed  to  Mercer 
county.  Pa.,  and  in  1839  he  .settled  on  a  llirm  near 
New  Brighton,  Pa.  In  1848  he  was  elected  an  elder 
of  the  Beaver  Falls  Presbyterian  Church,  now  called 
the  First  Presbj-terian  Church  of  New  Brighton. 

In  1849  Mr,  Bradford  was  elected  a  Director  of  the 
Western  Theological  Seminary,  and  has  remained  a 
member  of  the  Board  ever  since.  He  was  one  of  the 
corporate  members  of  the  Board  of  Coljjortage  when 
it  was  instituted  in  Pittsburg,  and  w;us  elected  a 
member  of  the  same  by  the  Synod  of  Eric.  The  de- 
gree of  A.  M.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  Jefferson 
College.  He  was  a  member  of  the  General  .\.s.sem- 
blies  of  1849,  1855  and  18G0.  In  1854  he  was  nomi- 
nated as  a  candidate  for  Governor,  on  the  American 
ticket,  and  at  another  election  received  the  nomina- 
tion   for    Lieutenant-Governor,  on    the   Prohibition 


ticket.  Jlr.  Bradford  has  taken  a  great  interest  in 
the  Sabbath-school  cause,  and  was  a  scholar,  teacher, 
and  superintendent,  for  fifty  years,  and  only  under 
the  failure  of  health  has  ceased  from  active  labor  in 
the  Church  and  Sabl)ath  School.  He  has  been  an 
active  Temperance  worker.  His  life  has  been  one  of 
Christian  consistency  and  u.sefulness.  During  his 
early  manhood,  when  his  business  duties  required, 
he  traveled  some  18,000  miles  on  horseback,  through 
Pennsylvania,  as  well  as  in  Virginia,  looking  after 
large  landed  estates  entrusted  to  his  care,  and  while 
thus  engaged,  for  the  period  of  twenty-five  years,  had 
numerous  laud  ejectment  ca-scs  and  other  suits  in  law. 
not  one  of  which  he  lost,  and  for  his  mode  of  prepar- 
ing which  he  received  the  encomiums  of  Chief  Justice 
Agnew,  Judge  Cliurcli.  anil  others, 

Brainerd,  Rev.  David,  was  born  at  Haddam, 
Conn.,  April  20th,  1718.  At  the  age  of  twenty  he 
entered  on  a  course  of  learning  in  the  house  of  Mr. 
Fiske,  the  minister  of  that  place.  He  finished  his 
preparation  for  college  with  his  brother, the  ministerof 
Ea.stbury.  In  September,1739,he  entered  YaleCollege. 
In  the  Spring  of  the  same  year  in  which  he  left  college 
he  commenced  the  study  of  theology-,  under  the 
direction  of  the  Rev,  Jedediah  Mills,  of  Ripton, 
Conn,,  and  on  the  20th  of  July  following  (1742),  was 
licensed  to  preach  by  the  Association  of  Ministers, 
holding  its  session  at  Danbury.  From  the  com- 
mencement of  his  theological  course  he  had  felt  a 
deep  intere.st  in  the  deplorable  condition  of  the 
heathen,  especially  the  aborigines  of  our  own  coun- 
try ;  his  heart  burned  to  follow  in  the  footsteps  of 
the  apostle  Elliot,  in  bringing  the  gospel  in  contact 
with  their  darkened  understandings,  and  accordingly, 
in  the  Autumn  after  he  was  licensed,  he  went  to 
New  York,  by  invitation  from  the  correspondents  of 
the  Societj'  for  Promoting  Christian  Knowledge,  and, 
after  being  duly  e.Kamined,  received  a  regular 
appointment  from  them  as  a  missionary  among  the 
Indians, 

Ha\'ing  now  undert;iken  the  mi.ssionar^-  work,  and 
thinking  he  should  have  no  need  anumg  the  Indians 
for  the  estate  left  him  by  his  father,  Mr,  Brainerd 
assumed  the  expense  of  educating  "a  dear  friend," 
Nehemiah  Greenman,  of  Stratford,  for  the  ministry. 
He  was  soon  put  to  learning,  and  was  supported  by 
Mr.  Brainerd  till  his  death,  Mr.  Greenman  having 
gone  through  his  third  year.  He  was,  for  many 
years,  the  pastor  of  Pittsgrove,  in  West  Jersey, 

The  first  scene  of  Mr,  Brainerd's  missionary  labors 
was  at  an  Indian  village  called  Kaunaumeck,  about 
half-way  between  Stockbridge  and  .VIbany,  Here  lie 
lived  in  the  woods  nearly  a  year,  lodging,  during  a 
part  of  the  time,  in  a  wigwam  with  the  Indians,  and 
subsisting  altogether  upon  Indian  fare.  Ha\ing  been 
ordained  by  the  Presbytery  of  New  York,  at  Newark, 
N.  J.,  in  June,  1744,  he  immediately  stationed  him- 
self near  the  Forksof  the  Delaware,  in  Pennsylvania, 
where  he  labored,  with  comparatively  little  apparent 


BRAIXERD  ISHTITVTE. 


92 


BRAIXEBD. 


effect,  for  about  a  year.  At  the  end  of  this  period  he  are  public  and  Sabbath  Schools,  instrncted  by  Brain- 
^isited  the  Indians  at  a  vilhige  called  Crosweeksung,  erd  Bchulars.  The  Institute  is  thoroughly  organized, 
in  the  neighborhood  ol"  Freehold — the  residence  of    with  a  graded  course  of  study  in  eight  department*, 


the  celebrated  William  Tennent.  Here  was  the 
scene  of  his  greatest  success.  A  wonderful  divine 
influence  accompanied  his  lalxms,  and  in  less  than  a 
year  he  baptized  seventy-.seven  persons,  thirty-tight 
of  whom  were  adults,  whose  sub.sequent  life  furnished 
sati.sfactory  eviilence  of  a  true  conversion. 


Primary,  Grammar,  High  Sthool,  Scientific,  Normal, 
Mechanical,  Agricultural  and  Girl's  Industrial. 

In  connection  with  Bible  training,  the  design  of 
the  In.stitutc  is  to  imiKirt  a  thorough  English  c<luca- 
tion;  to  elevate  the  mind  by  a  study  of  tlie  works  of 
the  Cre;itor  tlirough  the  natural  sciences;  to  prepare 


In  the  Summer  of  1746  Mr.  Brainerd  vi.sitcd  the  teachers  for  the  public  schools;  liy  mechanical  draw- 
Indians  on  the  Sus(juehanna,  and  on  his  return,  in  ing  and  a  practical  ac(|uaintance  with  wood  working 
September,  found  him.self  worn  out  by  the  hardships    tools,  to  acquaint  the  students  with  the  simpler  forms 


of  his  journey.  His  health  w;is  so  nimh  im)>aired 
that  he  was  able  to  preach  but  little  more.  Being 
a(lvi.sed,  in  the  Sprinj^  of  1717,  to  travel  in  New- 
England,  he  went  :ls  far  as  Boston,  and  returned  in 
July  to  Northampton,  where,  in  the  family  of  Jona- 
than Edward-s,  he  jxissed  the  remainder  of  his  days. 

Mr.  Brainerd  was  a  man  of  vigorous  powers  of 
mind.  'Wbile  he  was  favored  with  a  quick  discern- 
ment and  ready  invention,  with  a  strong  memory 
and  natural  eloquence,  he  also  jiosscssi'd,  in  an  uncom- 
mon degree,  the  penetration,  the  closeness  and  force 


of  rural  areliitecture,  thiit  the  home  may  take  tlic 
place  of  the  eabin;  to  in.struet  the  girls  in  all  the 
details  of  hoiLstliold  management  and  domestic 
economy:  to  enal>le  theyouug  men  to  aid  thems<-lves 
in  obtaining  an  education;  to  develop  the  strength 
and  hardiliiHHl  that  come  from  self  help;  to  maintain 
and  promote  habits  of  industry;  to  countonict  the 
danger  of  sickness  and  disease,  so  peculiarly,  among 
this  people,  the  result  of  sedentary  occupation;  to 
provide  more  wholesome  living  from  orchard,  farm 
and  garden:  anil  to  impart  a  pnictical  acquaintance 


of  thought,  and   the   soundness  of  judgment,  which    with    improved    .systems    of  agriculture,  a    pressing 
distinguish  the  nuiii  of  talents  from  him  who  subsists    need  for  a  more  comfortable  livelihood  in  this  South- 


upon  the  learning  of  others. 

His  knowledge   of  theologj'  was  uncommonly  ex-  i 


ern  country. 

The  Institute  has  about  two  acres  of  ground  near 


tensive   and   accurate.      Tresident   Edwards,    whose  the  railroad  depots:  ten  acres  a  little  distiincc  away, 

opinion  of  Mr.  Brainerd  was  founded  upon  an  intimate  and  a  farm  of  a  hundred  acres,  with   forty  acres  of 

acquaintance   with   him,    says   that  he  never  knew  woodland,  about  a  mile  outside  the  ciirporatc  limits 

his  eqmil  of  his  age  and  standing,  for  clear,  accunite  of  the  town:  with  two  Institute  buildings,  a  chapel, 

notions  of  the  n;iture   and  essence  of  true  religion,  two    cottages,  and  a   large   two-story  mansion  .")0x'<0 

and  its  distinction  Irom  the  various  fal.se  ap])carances.  feet,  with  e.xtendi'd  piaz7.;is,  airy  and  well    furnished 

As  a  Christian,  his  e.\])ericnce  of  the  .s;iuctifying  rotmis,  for  the  remale  .'Seminary, 
influences  of  the  Holy  .^sjiirit  were  not  only  great  at  The  Cabinet  and  MiLs<'um  contain  a  scientific  and 
liis  conversion,  but  it  was  so,  in  a  continued  course,  mi.scellaneous  library,  with  a  large  nnnilxT  of  the 
from  that  time  forward,  iis  api>ears  by  a  private  jour-  Ix-st  treatises  on  agriculture,  valuable  ornithologic:il 
nal  he  kept  of  his  daily  inward  exercises,  from  the  and  botiinical  collections;  various  apparatus  for  gen- 
time  of  his  conversion  until  he  was  di.sjibled  by  the  end  school  instruction,  and  a  colleetion  of  one  thous- 
failing  of  his  strength,  a  few  days  iH'forr  his  di^afli.  and  five  hundred  minerals  and  tbs.sils,  one  of  the 
He  had  extniordinary  gifts  for  the  jiuljiit,  his  miuiner  choicest  in   the  country. 


of  prcadiiiig  being  clear  and  instructive,  natural, 
forcible,  moving,  and  very  scanhing  and  convincing. 
In  his  l:i,Kt  illness,  anil  during  tlie  approaches  of 
death,  .Mr.  Brainerd  w:is  remarkably  resigned  and 
composed.  Shortly  before  his  dccciisc,  in  answer  to 
an  inquiry  concerning  hisexjicrience,  he  said:  "  I  am 


There  were  three  hundred  and  sixty  on  the  roll  of 
the  Institute  the  last  year. 

Brainerd,  Rev.  John,  was  a  native  of  n;ist  llad- 
dam.  Conn.,  and  was  the  brother  of  Daxid  Bniinerd. 
Hcgr.uluated  at  Yale  in  17l<i,  and,  his  brother's  health 
failing,  he  was  a]>pointed  by  the  correspondents  of  the 


almost  in  eternity.     I  long  to  Im-  there.     My  work    Scottish  Society  to  take  his   place   as   a   missionary 


is  done.  I  have  done  with  all  my  friends.  All  the 
world  is  now  nothing  to  me.  Oh,  to  1m"  in  heaven,  to 
praise  and  glorify  God  with  His  holy  angels  !  "  He 
entered  into  rest  OctolK-r  !)lli,  1717,  aged  twenty-nine 
years. 

Brainerd  Institute.  This  Institution,  of  which 
the  ICev.  S.  Loomis,  .\.  M.,  is  superintendent,  islix'ated 
at  Chester,  S.  C,  in  the  midst  of  a  dense,  and  in  the 
main,   thrifty  colored  population.      Around  the  In- 


among  the  Indians.  He  came  to  Eliz;ilK'tlitown, 
N.  J.,  .\pril  llitli.  1717,  and,  having  Ix-en  examineil 
by  New  York  rnsbytery  on  the  i;ith,  he  went  the 
next  day  to  the  liuiians  at  Cranbury,  He  was 
ordained  by  that  rresbytcrv  early  in  171'^. 

Mr.  Bniinerd  tniveled  to  the  Forks  of  Dela- 
ware and  to  Wyoming  sevenil  times,  to  induce  the 
Indians  to  leave  their  unsettled  life  and  dwell  near 
him.     Numlx^rs   came,   from    time   to  time,   but  he 


Btitute  are  elu.steriil  the  nine  churches  that  have  con-    suececde<l  in  doing  little  moVe  than  civilizing  them, 
stituted  ISrainerd  Mi.ssion.  and  on   every   baud  there    In  \~T>\  he  had  some  special  success,  and  in  October, 


BRAIKERn. 


93 


BRAIKERD. 


1752,  he  had  forty  families  near  him,  and  thirty-seven 
communicants.  There  were  fifty  children  in  the 
school.  In  the  same  year,  with  only  one  attendant, 
he  spent  a  fortnight  on  the  Susquehanna.  Their 
horses  were  stolen,  the  guide  was  too  lame  to  go  on 
foot,  and  they  remained  three  days  where  there  was 
no  house.  That  year,  also,  the  General  Court  of 
Connecticut,  on  the  petition  of  the  Correspondents, 
granted  a  hrief  for  a  general  coUeetion  to  aid  him  in 
his  school. 

In  1755  Mr.  Brainerd  retired  from  the  Society's 
service  as  a  missionary,  and  in  1757  took  charge  of  the 
congregation  in  Newark.  Here  he  remained  but  a 
little  while,  for,  in  1759,  he  resumed  his  mission 
among  the  poor  Indians.  "As  to  the  success  that 
has  attended  my  labors, ' '  he  wrote,  "I  can  say  but 
little.  It  is  a  time  wherein  the  inlluences  of  the 
Divine  Spirit  are  mournl'ully  withheld.  I  think,  how- 
ever, I  have  ground  to  hope  that  some  good  has  been 
done  among  both  Indians  and  white  people,  and  the 
prospects  of  further  u.sefulness  are  very  con.siderable, 
if  proper  means  could  be  used." 

Mr.  Brainerd  resided  for  some  time  at  Mount 
Holly.  He  had  a  meeting-house  there,  which  was 
burned  by  the  British  in  the  Revolutionary  AVar. 
Seven  other  places  were  regularly  and  froquently 
visited  by  him.  Tlie  Sj'nod,  in  17C7,  granted  him 
twenty  pounds,  besides  his  salary,  for  "his  extra- 
ordimiry  services  in  forming  societies  and  laboring 
among  the  white  people  in  that  large  and  unculti- 
vated country. ' '  The  grant  was  renewed  the  next 
year,  for  his  extensive  services  and  labor  in  those 
uncultivated  parts.  From  17G0  to  1770  he  received 
from  the  congregations  between  Kgg  Harbor  and 
Manahawkin  firtj--nine  pounds,  nineteen  shillings, 
though  he  had  preached  to  tliem  live  hundred  times. 
He  continued  to  supply  tlie,se  numerous  vacancies, 
and  the  annual  allowance  of  twenty  pounds  wa.s 
promised  by  the  Synod  for  that  service.  In  177;!  it 
was  increased  to  twenty-five  pounds.  Tlie  next  year 
_  he  g:»ve  an  account  of  his  labors  and  pro.spects  of 
success,  and  the  interest  of  the  Indian  Fund  was  re- 
served for  him.  In  1777  he  removed  to  Deerfield, 
and  preached  there  till  his  death,  March  18th,  1781. 
His  remains  repose  beneath  the  floor  of  the  Deerfield 
Church.  The  IJev.  Dr.  Field,  who  was  for  many 
years  minister  of  the  congregation  in  which  Mr. 
Brainerd's  parents  resided,  says:  "The  tradition  in 
Haddara  is  that  he  was  as  pious  a  man  as  his  brother 
David,  but  not  cffual  to  him  in  ability." 

Brainerd,  Thomas,  D.  D.,  sprung  from  an  old 
English  family  that  had  emigrated  to  Haddam,  Con- 
necticut, in  1G4!).  Tile  celebrated  mLssionars'  brothers 
David  and  John  Brainerd,  and  the  poet  John  Q.  C. 
Brainerd,  were  of  the  same  stock.  The  snljject  of 
this  sketch  w:is  born  June  17th,  1804,  in  Leyden, 
Lewis  county,  X.  Y.  He  early  .showed  a  fondness 
for  reading,  but  had  not  the  opportunity  of  studying 
at  any  college.     At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  taught 


school,  and  afterwards  studied  law  in  Rome,  X.  Y. 
He  was  converted  under  Jlr.  Finney's  preaching  in 
1825,  and  soon  after,  under  the  pressure  of  a  sore 
affliction,  he  gave  up  the  law  for  the  gospel  ministrj'. 
To  obtain  the  means  of  study  he  taught  school  for  a 
year  in  the  northern  part  of  Philadelphia.  After  a 
three  years'  course  in  Andovcr  Seminar}-,  he  was 
ordained  by  the  Tliird  Presbytery  of  New  York,  and 
immediately  turned  his  face  westward  with  a  com- 
mission from  the  Home  Missionary  Society.  His 
first  charge  was  in  the  suburbs  of  Cincinnati,  the 
Fourth  Church,  in  Xovember,  1831.  In  18:33  he  was 
associated  with  Dr.  Lyman  Beecher  in  the  Second 
Church,  and  assumed  the  etlitorship  of  the  "  Cincin- 
nati Journal."  In  March,  1837,  he  was  installed 
over  the  Third,  or  Old  Pine  Street  Church,  Philadel- 


THOaAS  BBAINERD,  D.D. 

phia,  where  he  remained  for  the  rest  of  his  life, 
nearly  thirty  years.  In  the  year  18G  t  he  was  made 
Moderator  of  the  General  Assembly,  New  School. 

Dr.  Brainerd's  hist  public  service  was  at  Easton, 
July  22d,  1866.  He  was  in\ited  by  the  Brainerd 
Evangelical  Society  of  Lafayette  College  to  deliver 
an  address  in  the  Brainerd  Church,  on  the  very  spot, 
the  Forks  of  the  Delaware,  trodden  by  the  feet  of 
those  holy  men,  Da^Hd  and  John  Brainerd,  a  century 
before.  Thence  he  went  to  visit  his  married  daugh- 
ter at  Scrantou,  and  for  a  fortnight  gave  rest  to  his 
Ijody  and  mind.  His  death  occurred  there  very  sud- 
denly, from  apoplexy,  August  21st,  1866.  On  the  day 
of  his  funeral,  in  Philadelphia,  the  stores  in  the 
neighborhood  were  closed,  the  bell  of  St.  Peter's 
(Episcopal)  Church  was  tolled,  the  clergy  of  various 
denominations  took  part  in  the  services,  and  the  poor 


BRA  YTOX. 


94 


BRECKIS'RIDGE. 


colored  people  in  the  alleys  hung  their  hits  of  crape 
to  their  doors,  in  memory  of  their  Rteadf;i<t  friend. 

Dr.  Brainerd  could  not  be  c;ill<-<l  a  learned  or  pro- 
found .scholar,  but  lie  w;ia  a  man  of  inton.se  zeal  and 
actiWty.  Ncrvou.s  and  impulsive  in  the  highest  de- 
gree, he  was  ready  with  voice  or  pen  for  every  emer- 
gency. He  wa.s  the  promoter  of  several  new  Church 
enterprises  in  the  city  of  riiiladelphia,  while  no  one 
could  say  "  his  own  vineyard  he  had  not  kept,''  for 
from  his  quarter-century  sermon  it  ajipearsthat  he 
had  admitted  a  thousand  commnnicanta  into  the  Old 
Pine  street  Church. 

He  contributed  abundantly  to  the  daily  and  weekly 
press,  as  well  as  to  the  '^  Prcshi/lrrian  Qunrtcrlij  Rt- 
victo."  He  also  published  a  "  Life  of  John  Brainerd," 
and  a  score  of  discourses  in  pamphlet  form. 

Brayton,  Isaac,  D.  D.,  was  born  in  western 
\ew  York,  .June  2Gth,  1812.  He  graduated  at  Union 
College  in  18j.'{;  was  at  Princeton  Tlieological  Semi- 
nary two  years,  and  finished  his  theological  course  at 
Auburn  Seminary,  in  183C.  He  was  ordained  and 
installed  pa.stor  over  the  First  Presln-terian  Church 
in  Watertown,  X.  Y.,  August  31st,  1837.  Here  he 
remained,  with  great  acceptance  and  large  usefulness, 
till  1864,  when  the  ill-health  of  his  wife  compelled 
him  to  resign  the  piistorate.  He  now  resides  in 
Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.  As  a  preacher  Dr.  Brayton  is 
scholarly,  evangelical  and  earnest ;  liis'  manner  is 
pUa-sant  and  impressive,  courtly  and  gentle.  As  a 
man  and  citizen,  he  is  coiLservativc,  upright  and 
reliable  in  all  his  relationships.  As  i\  friend  he  is 
true  and  affectionate,  a  most  valuable  adviser,  and 
ready  and  strong  in  the  support  of  all  that  is  right. 

Brearley,  Rev.  'Williain,  w.Tsborn  in  Lawrence- 
ville,  Xew  Jersey,  Xoveniber  3l)th,  1801,  and  died  in 
Sumter  county,  South  Carolina,  January  8th,  ]88'2. 
In  June,  18i!l),  he  graduated  at  Princeton  College, 
and  in  the  Spring  of  18-2.')  he  graduated  at  Princeton 
Theological  Seminary,  and  at  once  entered  upon  his 
grciit  life  work,  in  the  pines  of  New  Jersey.  Here 
he  labored  zealously  and  succe-ssfully,  as  a  missionarj", 
for  two  months.  In  the  Autumn  of  1825,  with  the 
hope  of  finding  under  the  sunny  skies  of  the  South 
a  climate  more  favorable  to  his  frail  constitution,  he 
removed  to  AVinnsboro,  South  Carolina. 

In  April,  182(i,  ho  was  ordained  by  Harmony 
Presbytery,  and  ministered  to  the  churches  of  S;ilem, 
Aimwell,  and  Scion,  in  Fairfield  county.  He 
remained  in  Wiunsliom  until  February,  1812,  when 
he  was  called  to  Darlington,  and  in  the  month  of 
ILiy,  in  the  s;ime  year,  was  installed  pastor  of  the 
Darlington  Prcsbj-terian  Church.  He  continued  to 
serve  this  church,  with  grc-it  zeal,  fidelity  nndaflection, 
until  January  1st,  1879,  when,  at  liis  urgent  request, 
after  u  jKustoratc  covering  the  sjiacc  of  thirty-.seven 
years,  he  w:us  released  from  further  wrvice,  and 
retireil  to  the  privacy  of  his  own  domestic  hearth, 
there  tosp<iid  the  evening  of  bis  days  in  meditation 
on  the  goodness  of  God  and  the  love  of  ,Iesus,  and  in 


prayer  for  the  people  to  whom  he  had  ministered  for 
more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century.  During  the  thirty- 
.seven  years  of  his  ministry  in  Darlington  tivo  hun- 
dred and  thirty-one  8<mls  were  added  to  the  Church. 
Mr.  Brearley  died,  Novcmlier  Sth,  1*82,  and  his 
remains  were  buried  in  the  Preshj-tcrian  Church- 
yard at  Darlington.  No  better  eulogy  could  bo  pro- 
nounced upon  him  than  the  utterance  of  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Cai>ers,  of  the  Methodist  Church,  who  declared 
that  "his  life  was  a  l)enediction  to  the  community." 
Breckinridge,  John,  D.D. ,  w;is  the  second  of  four 
remarkable  sons  of  the  late  linn.  John  Breckinridge, 
one  of  the  first  representatives  of  tlie  State  of  Ken- 
tucky in  the  Senate  of  the  United  States,  and  at  the 
time  of  his  death,  Attorney  General  Qf  the  United 
States,  under  Thomas  Jefferson.  His  mother  was 
Mary  H.  (Caliell)  Breckinridge.  He  was  born  at  the 
family  home,  CalK'U's  Dale,  near  Lexington,  Ken- 
tucky, on  the  -Ith  of  July,  1797.  He  w;is  graduated 
at  the  College  of  Xew  .lersev,  at  Princeton,  in  1818, 
and  at  the  Theological  Seminary  at  Prinecton  in 
1822,  and  during  pjirt  of  his  seminary  course  was 
Tutor  in  the  college.  He  was  licensetl  in  the  year 
1822,  by  the  Presbytery  of  New  Brunswick.  He 
was  elected  and  served  for  a  .short  time  as  Chap- 
lain of  the  United  States  House  of  ReprcscnUitives, 
but  resigned  this  office  to  accept  a  call  to  the 
McChord  Presbyterian  Church  at  Lexington,  Ken- 
tucky, of  which  he  was  pastor  for  somewhat  less 
than  three  years.  In  the  year  1826  he  Ix'came  colle- 
giate pastor,  with  tlie  Rev.  Dr.  Glendy,  of  the  Second 
Presbyterian  Church  of  Baltimore,  where  he  remained 
about  five  years.  In  1831  he  was  elected  Secretary 
and  Ciencral  Agent  of  the  Board  of  Publication  of 
the  Prcsliyteriaii  Church,  and  removed  to  Philadel- 
phia. Willie  thus  eng-.iged  heconducted  a  controversy, 
both  oral  and  written,  which  excited  much  attention, 
ill  this  country  and  abroad,  involving  all  the  is.suc3 
between  I'rotestautisni  and  Papacy,  with  the  Rev. 
John  Hughes,  afterwards  Archbishop.  In  May,  1835, 
he  was  chosen,  by  the  General  As.sembly  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church,  Profe.s.sor  of  Pastoral  Tlieology 
and  Missionary  Instruction  in  the  Theological  Semi- 
nary at  Princeton,  Xew  Jersey.  In  1833  he  resigned 
this  Profc,s.sorsliip,  to  Ix-come  the  General  Agent  of 
the  Presbyterian  Board  of  I'orcign  .Missions.  'Wniilc  in 
the  discharge  of  the  duties  of  his  agency,  he  w.is  calltHl 
to  become  p;istor  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  of 
Xew  Orleans,  and  though  he  dcrliucd  the  call,  he 
ministered  to  that  congregjition  for  the  greater  part 
of  two  yean.  During  his  stay  at  Xew  Orleans  he 
was  elected  President  of  Oglethorpe  University,  in 
Georgia,  and  if  his  life  had  been  spared,  would 
prolKibly  liave  accepted  that  position.  But,  worn 
out  by  ec;i.sele,ss  activities  and  const;iiit  lalmrs  in 
his  siicred  calling,  he  dii'd,  at  the  jilace  of  his 
birth,  where,  in  bis  failing  health,  he  hail  wishe<l  to 
go,  on  the  4lh  of  .Vugust,  1^*11,  but  little  more  thou 
forty-four  ye.ira  of  age. 


BRECKIXRWGE. 


95 


BRECKINRIDGE. 


Dr.  Breckinridge  Tvas  of  a  noble  presence,  and  -was 
gifted  with  a  voice  of  great  sweetness  and  compass; 
his  mind  was  of  nnusual  force,  strengthened  and 
enriched  by  cjirefiil  culture  and  generous  learning; 
his  heart  was  as  tender,  and  his  affections  as  strong, 
as  a  woniati's;  his  religion  was  a  constant,  animating 
principle,  present  in  all  his  intercourse  with  men;  he 
was  always  dignified,  courteous,  just  and  courageous; 
and  he  possessed  a  rare  fascination  of  manner,  which, 
both  in  private  and  in  public,  made  lusting  impres- 
sions on  all  who  saw  him. 

As  a  p:vstor,  the  memory  of  liis  abundant  labors, 
his  untiring  zeal,  his  absolute  forgetfulness  of  self  in 
his  efforts  for  the  good  of  souls,  and  his  surpassing 
eloquence,  is  as  ^ivid  as  if  his  brilliant  and  laborious 
life  had  just  ended.    AMien  he  entered  upon  his  work 


JOHN    BRErKINRIPOK,    D.D. 

aa  Secretary  and  General  Agent  of  the  Board  of 
Education,  there  were  but  si.xty  candidates  for  the 
ministry  under  its  care.  But  the  noble  enthusiasm 
he  brought  to  its  service  so  rou.sed  the  Church  to  its 
forgotten  duty,  that  very  speedily  the  number  of  its 
beneficiaries  exceeded  one  thous;ind.  He  brought  the 
same  unconquerable  energy  and  fiery  zeal 'to  his  work 
as  Professor  and  as  Agent  for  the  Board  of  Foreign 
Jlissions,  and  the  results  In  both  were  no  less 
remarkable. 

He  was  a  great  preacher;  an  orator;  seeming  .some- 
times almost  inspired  by  the  grandeur  of  his  theme; 
heard  eagerly  everywhere,  and  in  his  varied  services 
to  the  Church,  heard  by  imusual  numbers  in  all  parts 
of  the  land.  But.  perhaps,  his  greatest  serWce  resulted 
from  his  unparallelled  skill  in  organizing,  and  his  inde- 


fatigable zeal  and  energy  in  directing  the  operations 
of  the  great  benevolent  agencies  of  the  Church,  and 
his  fervid  eloquence  in  presenting  their  claims  to 
Chri.stian  affection  and  support.  Here,  if  he  had  an 
equal,  he  had  no  superior;  and  the  Church  has  had 
no  servant,  since  his  death,  more  faithful,  and  few  as 
fruitful,  in  all   labors  for  her  advancement. 

Dr.  Breckinridge's  active  and  busy  life  left  him 
little  leisure  for  labor  as  a  writer  or  author.  During 
his  first  pastorate,  in  Lexington,  Kentucky,  he  was 
Editor  of  the  Wcstrrii  Litminari/,  a  religious  periodical. 
He  published  a  number  of  occasional  sermons,  and 
contributed  at  times  to  various  religious  publications. 
^Miile  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Education  he  pub- 
lished an  Annual,  devoted  to  the  interests  of  that 
Board.  These,  with  his  debates  in  the  Catholic  con- 
troversy, comprise  all  of  his  published  writings  now 
recalled. 

Breckanridge,  Robert  Jefferson,  D.  D., 
LL.  D.,  third  son  of  the  Hon.  Jolm  and  Mary  Hopkins 
(nee  Cabell)  Breckinridge,  was  born  at  Cabell's  Dale, 
Ky.,  March  8th,  1800;  was  graduated  from  Union  Col- 
lege, X.  Y.,  in  1819,  and  entered  the  Bar  at  Lexing- 
ton, Ky.,  in  1824.  In  1825  he  was  elected  to  the 
Lower  Hou.se  of  the  Kentucky  Legislature,  and  was 
three  times  subsequently  re-elected.  During  the 
winter  of  1828-20  God  converted  his  soul,  at  Frank- 
fort, as  he  humbly  trusted ;  and  he  immidiatclj'  deter- 
mined to  quit  the  practice  of  the  law,  which  neither 
the  state  of  his  he.ilth  nor  his  feelings  permitted  him 
to  pursue,  and  also  to  take  final  leave  of  public  life. 
He  made  public  profession  of  faith  in  the  Spring  of 
1829,  connecting  himself  with  the  McChord  Presby- 
terian Church,  at  Lexington,  Ky.,  but  soon  afterwards 
removed  his  membership  to  the  Jit.  Horeb  Church, 
Fayette  county,  where  he  was  elected  ruling  elder, 
late  in  1829.  In  the  Summer  of  1800  he  felt  bound 
to  appear  once  more  before  the  people  of  his  native 
country,  to  defend  and  commend  the  laws  of  God  and 
Christian  morality  in  the  matters  of  the  abolition  of 
negroslavery  and  the  transportation  of  the  mails  on  the 
Sabbath  day.  He  honestly,  in  the  fear  of  God,  pleaded 
with  his  countrj-men  in  beliidf  of  these  great  interests 
of  God  and  men,  and  when  tlic  cau.se  which  was  dear  to 
him  met  with  defeat,  publicly  and  privatelj'  retired 
once  more  from  jiublic  life.  He  did  not,  as  yet,  how- 
ever, feel  called  to  preach  the  gospel  ;  that  work  w.is 
first  done  in  him  through  the  instrximentality  of  a 
great  woods-meeting,  held  on  his  own  farm,  in  the 
Autumn  of  1831.  He  had  been  urged,  indeed,  to  th,e 
step,  by  his  friends;  but  he  had  some  false  notions 
and  many  false  feelings,  and  (he  writes)  it  was  not 
"until  this  woods-meeting  that  I  fully  determined 
to  preach  the 'Word. "  He  immediately  put  himself 
under  the  care  of  West  Lexington  Presb^-tery,  and 
six  months  later,  April  5th,  18U2,  w;is  licensed  by 
that  body,  at  its  meeting  at  ^yalnut  Hill.  After  the 
meeting  of  the  Assembly  of  1832  (in  which  he  sat  as 
Ruling  Elder)   he  retired  to  Princeton  to  complete 


BRECKIXniDGE. 


96 


BRECKIXRWGE. 


his  preparation  for  preaching ;  hut  had  hecn  there 
only  some  five  months  when  he  received  and  accepted 
a  call  to  the  Second  Church  of  Baltimore,  by  which 
act  he  became  the  successor  of  his  brother  John,  and 
accepted  a  call  declined  by  his  brotlier  William.  lie 
was  received  by  the  Pre-sbytcry  of  Baltimore,  Novem- 
ber 22d,  1832,  ordained  and  installed,  Xoveraljcr 
26th,  133'3,  and  aft<T  a  remarkably  successful  pastor- 
ate of  over  twelve  years,  w;i.s  dismissed,  Ai)ril  17th, 
1845,  to  the  Presbytery  of  Ohio,  in  order  to 'become 
President  of  Jefferson  College,  Pennsylvania.  On 
September  IGth,  1817,  he  wxepted  the  piistorate  of 
the  First  Presbyterian  Church,  Lexington,  Ky., 
which  he  retained  until  September  7th,  18.",:},  during 
which  period  he  also  discharged  most  ably  the  duties 
of   Superintendent   of    Public   Instruction   for    the 


ROBERT  JF.FPRRttnN    BRRCKINRIDOE,  D.  D.  Lt.  D. 

State  of  Kentucky.  He  was  elected  Professor  of 
Exegetic,  Didactic  and  Polemic  Tlieoliigy  in  the  new 
seminary  at  Danville,  and  beg-.m  his  duties  there  at 
its  opening,  in  S<pt«-mlK'r,  18.")3  ;  his  formal  inaugu- 
ration t<Kik  place  on  OcIoIrt  l.'itli,  18.">3.  His  resigna- 
tion of  this  position  wxs  offered  on  Septcmlx'r  17th. 
ISfiO,  to  take  effect  the  following  December  ;  and  he 
died,  after  a  long  illne.'**,  December  2Tth,  l'^71. 

Dr.  Breckinridge  has  almost  equal  claims  to  be 
remembered  as  a  devoted  and  successful  p.istor,  an 
eloquent  and  impressive  preacher,  a  profound  tlico- 
logian,  a  wise  a<lministral<ir,  a  brilliant  journalist. 
and  an  une(|ualfcl  ecclesiastical  debater.  Ho  Wius 
practically  the  leader  of  tlieOld  ScIkmiI  party  through 
nil  the  troubles  which  accom|Kinied  nn<l  f(>llow<-d  the 
division,  in  1837.    Hewxs  the  author  of  the  ".\cl  and 


Testimony,"  and  of  its  defence  as  put  forth  by  the 
Philadelphia  Convention  of  l-';57.  He  participated 
in  all  the  great  discussions  which  agitated  the  Church 
for  forty  years,  from  1831.  He  first  appeared  in  the 
Assembly,  as  an  Elder,  in  1831,  but  after  thiit  was  a 
very  frequent  member,  and  w:is  made  Slodcrator  in 
18J1.  A  collection  of  his  di-bates  would  fill  volumes, 
and  would  comjirise  thorough  dLscu.ssions  of  nearly  the 
whole  range  of  great  ecclesiiistical  ({uestions.  The 
exigencies  of  his  position  at  Baltimore,  where  he  was 
publicly  assaulted  by  Romanist  controversialists, 
and  denied  the  columns  of  the  public  press  for  reply, 
forced  the  establishment,  in  Janmirj-,  183.'),  of  "  The 
Baltimore  Literary  and  Beligious  Magazine,"  which, 
under  the  care  of  >Ir.  Cross  and  himself,  did  a  good 
work  under  that  name,  and  subseiiueutly  under  the 
name  of  "The  Sj>lrit  of  the  XIX  Ccnriiry,"  until 
1842.  His  sluire  w;is  also  very  large  in  the  manage- 
ment of  "The  Danville  Quarterly  Berieie"  (18(51- 
6o).  His  theology  may  be  judged  of  by  his  jirinted 
works.  But  the  imnien.se  power  of  his  preaching, 
and  his  untiring  devotion  as  a  pastor,  arc  in  the  hands 
of  nn.stable  tradition.  The  labor  with  which  he 
burdened  himself  was  excessive  ;  but  the  succcsa  of 
his  ministry  was  correspondingly  great.  The  .spring  of 
his  whole  life  was  an  unfeigned  piety,  which  wrought 
in  him  a  burning  love  for  souLs,  and  great  depth  of 
personal  humility,  which  was  all  the  more  marked  in 
its  contra.st  with  his  great  acquirements  and  the  oc<';i- 
sional  pain-bred  irritability  of  his  temper.  The  brief 
manu.script  notes  for  hLs  sermons  seldom  fail  to  be 
crossed  with  a  prayer,  evidently  from  the  heart: 
"Lord,  add  thy  blessing,  for  Jesus'  sake!"  "Oh, 
'  Loril,  own  and  bless  thy  truth."  "Oh,  Sla.ster,  give 
me  utterance."'  "Oh,  Lord!  help  me  to  preach." 
"Amen!  Help,  Lord  JesiLs!  "  "Oh  that  I  maybe 
owned  and  ble.s.sed  by  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ,"  and  the 
like.  His  private  diary  is  full  of  marks  of  the  same 
perfect  humility  and  deix-ndence  on  God.  Ko  wonder 
that  the  gosiiel  from  his  lips  seemed  burning  fire.  In 
I)rivatc  life  he  w;is  as  delightful  a  conversjitiiuialist  as 
ho  Wits  a  bilovcd  husband  and  parent,  and  a  trusted 
advi.ser  and  friind.  He  exhibited  here,  as  in  public 
affairs,  that  marvelous  readiness  and  unexix-ctiil 
prejKiration  which  wius  the  most  striking  character- 
istic of  his  genius. 

Prominent  among  Dr.  Breckinridge's  publications 
were,  "Papism  in  the  XIX  Ccnturj-,"  "  Memoranda 
of  Foreign  Travels,"  "The  Knowledge  of  Go»i,  Ob- 
jectively Co'n.sidered  "  (first  jKirt  of  his  System  of 
Thcologj'),  "The  Knowledge  of  God,  Subjectively 
Considered"  (second  jwrt  of  his  System  of  Theologj-). 
Besides  these  were  numerous  pamphlets  on  ccclcsio- 
logical  subjects,  numenius  printed  sermons,  a  lecture 
on  "The  Internal  Evidences  of  Christianity,"  deliv- 
ered at  the  University  of  Virginia,  a  series  of  Ken- 
tucky School  Keports,  from  1848-.'>3,  and  political 
articles  luid  adtlre.sses,  mostly  printed  in  the  Danville 
Reririr. 


BRECKINRIDGE. 


97 


BRECKINRIDGE. 


Breckinridge,  Samuel  M.,  LL.  D.,  is  the  son 
of  the  late  Rev.  John  Breckinridge,  v>.  D.,  and  of  the 
late  Margaret  (Miller)  Breckinridge,  daughter  of  the 
late  Rev.  Samuel  Miller,  D.  D.,  of  Princeton,  New 
Jersey,  and  was  born  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  November 
3d,  1828.  He  wa.s  educated  in  part  at  Union  CoUegc. 
Xew  York,  and  at  Centre  College,  Kentucky,  but 
chiefly  at  the  College  of  Xew  Jersey,  ut  rrincetou. 


8AMUEL  M.    QRECKlNRlIHje,  LL.  D. 

He  graduated  at  the  Law  School  of  Transylvania 
University,  at  Lexington,  Kentucky,  and  settled  at 
St.  Louis,  Missouri,  in  1850,  and  has  there  since 
resided. 

In  1854-.5  Mr.  Breckinridge  represented  the  city 
and  county  of  St.  Louis  in  part,  in  the  Legislature. 
In  1S.j9  he  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court 
of  the  State  of  Missouri,  and  while  on  the  Bench, 
was  chosen  a  member  of  the  State  Convention,  which 
continued  in  existence  until  1863.  He  became  Elder 
of  the  Second  Piesbj-teriau  Church  of  St.  Louis  in 
1871.  In  1874  he  was  a  member  of  the  General 
Assembly  which  met  at  St.  Louis;  in  1873  he  was  a 
member  of  the  committee  on  Fraternal  Relations, 
appointed  to  meet  a  similar  committee  of  the  South- 
ern Preslnterian  Church. 

In  1878  Judge  Breckinridge  was  made  a  member 
of  the  General  Assembly's  Committee  on  the  Revi- 
sion of  the  Book  of  Discipline,  which  was  continued 
from  time  to  time,  making  its  final  report  to  the 
Assembly  of  1882,  at  Springfield,  Hlinois.  He  was  a 
memberof  the  Assemblies  of  1881,  at  Euffiilo,  of  1882, 
at  Springfield,  and  of  1833,  at  Saratoga.  He  is  a 
model   Christian  gentleman,    wise   in  counsel,   and 


exercises  a,  marked  influence  in  ecclesiasticiil  a,s,sera- 
blies. 

Breckinridge,  WiUiaraLe-wis,  D.  D.,LiL.  D., 
eighth  child  and  fcjurth  son  of  Hon.  John  and  ilary 
Hopkins  (n^e  Cal>ellJ  Breckinridge,  was  born  at  Ca- 
bell's Dale,  near  Le.\ington,  Kentucky,  on  the  22d 
of  July,  1803.  He  became  a  follower  of  Chri.st  at 
about  the  age  of  fifteen,  and  entered  the  ministry 
about  1831.  His  first  piustorate  was  fulfilled  at  Mays- 
ville,  Ky.  'Wlien  his  brother  John  was  made  Secre- 
tary of  the  Board  of  Education,  he  was  sought  for  to 
succeed  him  in  the  pastorate  of  the  Second  Presby- 
terian Church,  Baltimore,  but  preferred  a  Professor- 
ship of  Languages  in  Centre  College,  Ky.    Thence  he 

;  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  First  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Louisville,  Ky.,  where  he  began  his  work 

I  on  the  first  Sabbath  of  Jauu;iry,  1836,  and  profit;ibly 
preached  for  a  period  of  three-and-twenty  years. 
Sub.sequently  he  was  President  of  two  colleges;  first 
of  Oakland  College,  Jliss. ,  and  then  of  Centre  College, 
Ky.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  residing  on  his 
farm  in  Cass  county,  Missouri,  and  laboring  in  the 
surrounding  country,  as  mini-ster  at  large.  He  died 
pe;icefully,  December  26th,  1876. 


WILLIAM   LEWIS  BRECKINRIDGE,  J>.  D.,  LL.  D. 

The  following  estimate  of  his  character  is  from  the 
pen  of  his  life-long  friend.  Rev.  Dr.  Edward  P. 
Humphrey:  "The  grace  of  God,  which  took  pos- 
session of  his  mind  and  heart  when  about  fifteen 
years  old,  gave  sweetness  and  dignity  to  his  elevated 
nature,  true  love  to  Christ  and  to  the  souls  of  men, 
together  with  a  spirit  of  self-sacrifice  and  of  unques- 
tioning obedience  to   God.     As  a  preacher  he  was 


BREED. 


98 


BREED. 


instructive,  lucid  and  thoroughly  evangelical.  He  wc  consider  bis  pastoral  work,  his  pulpit  ministra- 
hail  aclearcoiKcptioii,  iininU-llit;iiit  aiuU-x|HTimental  tions,  his  wrvice  in  the  Boarils  of  the  Church,  or 
knowledge  of  the  gosiiel,  and  expounded  the  saving  the  extent  and  variety  of  the  fruits  of  liis  jK-n.  He 
truthsahvayswithgreat  simplicity,  and  often  with  an  has  written  and  published  sixteen  bound  volumes, 
earnestness,  a  patlios,  a  persuxsive  power,  that  brought  oni--lialf  of  which  aresix-cially  adapted  to  tlie  young, 
his  hearers  '  into  captivity  to  the  ol)edience  of  Christ."  iK'sides  various  tracts  and  numerous  news|>aper  arti- 
And  then,  a  certain  propulsive  ]>ower  was  iinp;irted  eles.  In  tlie  ]>ulpit  Dr.  Breed  has  l>een  no  less 
to  his  discourses,  l)y  his  manliness,  his  moral  and  lalM)rious.  He  was  for  eight  years  pastor  of  the 
plivsical  couragi',  his  profound  conviction  of  the  Seconil  I'resliyterian  Chureli,  of  .SteulMnville,  Ohio, 
truth  and  glory  of  the  gospel,  and  by  the  un-siKitted  the  cliurch  whicli  the  young  ladies  of  the  Seminary 
purity  of  his  life.  His  character  came  with  him  into  at  tliat  place  attendeil,  by  whom  he  was  greatly 
the  pulpit ;  it  rohed  his  person  with  honor  when  he  loved  as  a  pastor,  and  to  whom  his  ministry  was 
walked  through  the  streets.  'What  men  thought  of  specially  blessed.  Of  the  three  hundred  and  eighty 
him  strengthened  all  our  ministers,  of  every  Church,  additions  to  his  church  during  this  pastorat<-.  many 
in  the  conlidence  of  the  community.  were  from    the    Seminary,   and    are    now  occupying 

"Few  men  have  been  so  diligent   and  u.seful   in    prominent  places  in  social  li^- and  in  the  benevolent 
pastoral    visitation.      His    fine    social    qualities,    his  | 
ready,  even  spontaneous,  sympathy,  his  sense  of  pro-  ! 
pricty  and   delicacy,  made  him  welcome  always  to 
the  families  of  his  congrcg-ation.     The  sick  and  the  ' 
dying  and  the  bereaved  turned  to  him  as  at  once  a 
learner  and  a  teacher  in  the  school  of  Christ,  the  , 
Consoler.     His   labors    as   a  pastor   were   the   most 
prominent,   and,   its   he   thought,  the   most   fruitful 
branch  of  his  ministry.     Through    these    labors  he 
reached  a  ])lacc  in  the  love  of  the  jM-ojjle  which  has 
not  been  often  attained  in  our  generation. 

"  In  the  rresbyterian  Church  at  large  he  was  a  , 
wise  and  trusted  counsellor.  He  loved  the  Church  ; 
he  consecrated  him.sclf,  body  anil  spirit,  down  to  the 
end  of  his  days,  to  its  welfare.  His  brethren  through- 
out the  land  committed  to  him  the  most  SiuTcd 
trusts,  and  they  bestowed  ujion  him  the  highest  •■ 
honors  of  the  ]irof(ssi<iii." 

Breed,  David  Riddle,  D.  D.,  was  born  .Tune 
loth,  ISH.  His  father  was  a  merchant,  of  old  I'uri- 
tan  stock.  His  mother,  Klioda  Ogden  ICdwards,  was 
a  great-grand-daughter  of  Tresident  Kdwards.  He 
wius  received  into  the  Church  (Third  Trcsbyterian, 
Pitt-sburg),  by  Dr.  Henry  Kendall,  in  ISGl;  prepared 
for  college  at  Western  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
from  IK")!)  to  lH(i-J,  inclusive;  pursued  a  business  life 

from  .lanuary,  \KVt.\,  to  May,  \>*M,  and  graduated  at  i  "hi.hm  i.  m.ih, 

Hamilton  College,  N.  Y..  in  1H(!7.  Ho  graduated  at  work  of  the  Church.  In  IsVj  he  w:us  called  to  a 
.Vuburn  Theological  Seminary  in  lf<70,  and  was  called,  new  enterprise  just  starting  in  'West  .Sprui'e  Strci-t, 
Diic-mbiT  "i-'th,  l-<(i!),  to  the  House  of  Hoi)C  Prcsby-  Philadelphia,  under  the  auspices  of  Dr.  l!o;irdman's 
terian  Church,  St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  of  which  he  still  church.  The  organi/.:ition  then  consi.sted  of  thirty- 
hxs  charge.  He  was  ordained  by  the  Presbytery  of  four  mcmlx'rs.  To  this  numlK-r  more  tluin  one 
St.  Paul,  October,  1870.  In  1880  he  was  a  delegate  tliou.sand  have  been  added  under  his  ministry,  and 
to  the  Sunday-shool  Centenary,  in  London.  Ho  re-  the  splendid  chnrcli  at  Seventeenth  and  Spruce  h:is 
ceiveil  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  from  his  .lima    iK'cn  built. 

Miilir,  in  .Tunc,  IH-i:!.  Dr.  Itreed  is  an  earnest  and  Dr.  I5re<'d  was  Ixirn  in  the  State  of  New  York; 
able  preacher,  and  faithful  to  piustoral  n-sponsibilily.  united  with  Dr.  Knb's  Church,  in  Xew  York  city. 
He  is  beloved  by  his  |m(i|>1i-.  and  ready  to  aid  in  every  when  he  was  sixteen  years  of  age;  gr.uluated  at  the 
g<H>d  work.  University  of   New  York  under  Clianeellor  rnliiig- 

Breed, 'William  Pratt,  D.D.,  is  one  of  the  most  huysi'U,  and  s|Mnt  one  year  at  Union  Theological 
efl'ective  jmaclurs  iinil  industrious  and  successful  S<'minary,  and  two  at  Princeton,  where  he  graduated, 
pastors  in  the  city  of  Philadcl]ihia.  It  can  well  be  He  h;i8  been  twice  honon'il  with  the  Minlcratorship 
Kiid  of  him  that  be  is  '•  almnclanl  in  labors."'  whether    of    the    Synod    of    Philadelphia,    anil    in    l-w:i    wjis 


nuicE. 


99 


BRICK  CHURCH. 


Moderator  of  the  Syncxl  of  Pennsylvania.  From  his 
iintiriiij;  etfort.s  sprang  tlie  Witherspoon  Monunuiit. 
in  Fainiiount  I'ark.  That  nionunu-nt  was  practicaUy 
his  work.  "A  Historical  Diseourse  on  rresbyterians 
and  the  lievohuion."  presenting;  tiie  suhject  of  the 
nionuinent,  was  delivered  l)y  liini  in  more  tlian 
seventy  pulpits,  from  IJoslyn.  1,.  1..  on  the  Ea.st,  to 
Steubenville,  Ohio,  on  the  West.  He  presented  the 
cause  also  in  ten  Synods  and  Presbyteries.  His 
aetivity  in  behalf  of  the  monument  is  only  a  fair 
specimen  of  the  constantly  recurring  "outside  work" 
of  the  Church  iji  which  he  is  sure  to  be  one  of  the 
prominent  promoters  and  etfieient  eo-workers.  He 
wields  a  strong  inliuence  in  the  Chiuch   judicatories. 

To  Dr.  Breed  was  assigned  the  honor  of  delivering 
the  address  of  welcome  to  the  Second  General  Council 
of  the  Presbyterian  Alliance,  which  convened  at  Phila- 
delphia, September,  1880,  and  he  discharged  the 
])lea.sant  duty  with  great  credit.  *  He  also  read  before 
that  body  an  admirable  j)aper  on  "Tlie  IMti'usiou  of  a 
Presbyterian  Literature."  Dr.  Breed  is  always  in  a 
good  humor,  excepting  when  sound  Calvinism  is 
attacked.  He  is  genial,  .social,  of  benevolent  spirit, 
and  greatly  beloved  by  his  congregation  and  his 
brethren,  ;is  well  as  highly  esteemed  in  the  community 
in  which  he  has  so  long  lived  and  labored. 

Brice,  Rev.  John,  was  a  native  of  Harford 
county,  ild.  He  removed  with  the  family  to  West- 
ern Pennsylvania;  received  his  education  chiefly 
under  the  direction  of  the  Rev.  Joseph  Smitli;  studied 
theology  j)artly  under  Mr.  Smith  and  partly  under 
Mr.  l)od;  was  licensed  by  the  Presbytery  of  Red- 
stone, April  1.3tli,  17-i>',  and  by  the  .s;ime  Presln-tery 
was  ordained  and  installed  pxstor  of  the  congrega- 
tions of  Three  Ridges  and  Forks  of  Wheeling,  April 
2'2d,  1790.  In  these  congregations  he  labored  until 
about  the  year  1807,  when,  on  account  of  ill  health, 
the  pastoral  relation  was  dissolved.  Mr.  Brice  still 
continued,  however,  to  preach  tlie  gospel  in  Green 
county.  Pa.,  and  in  the  adjacent  parts  of  Virginia,  as 
often  as  health  would  permit,  until  .\pril  l>'th,  ISIO, 
when  he  was  dismissed  to  connect  himself  with  the 
Presbytery  of  Lanciuster.  He  died  Augast  '2(M\, 
1811.  He  was  a  man  of  nervous  temperament,  sub- 
ject, occasionally,  to  great  despondency  of  mind,  but 
of  deep  piety.  His  labors  were  attended  with  a 
divini^  blessing,  and  many  rich  fruits  appeared  after 
his  decea.se,  both  in  his  former  charge  and  in  the 
country  adjacent. 

Brick  Church,  New  York  City.  Tlie  lirst  ac- 
count we  liavc  of  Prcsbyterianism  in  this  city,  is  the 
combination  of  several  Preslivtcriau  families  from 
England,  Scotland,  Ireland,  France  and  New  Eng- 
land, in  the  year  1706,  who  were  in  the  habit  of 
a-s-sembling  together  on  the  Lord's  Day,  in  a  private 
house,  and  conducting  their  religious  services  without 
the  aid  of  any  Christian  minister.  The  following 
yesir  they  worshiped  occiisionally  in  the  Dutch 
Church   in   Garden    ,stree4,    and    in   tlic    year    171(i 


formed  themselves  into  a  regular  Presb.vterian 
Church,  under  tlie  stated  ministry  of  Rev.  James 
.Vnderson,  a  native  of  ScotUinil. 

For  three  years  this  infant  cliiiich  assembled  for 
public  worship  in  the  City  Hall,  then  on  the  corner 
of  Nassau  ami  Wall  streets,  and  in  1719  tliey  erected 
the  First  Presbyterian  Church,  in  Wall  street,  out  of 
which  was  formed  the  Church  of  the  Seceders,  in 
Cedar  street,  under  the  pastoral  charge  of  the  Kev. 
Dr.  Ma.son,  the  elder,  and  also  the  Brick  Church  in 
Beekraan  street.  The  corner-stone  of  this  ediliee  was 
laid  in  tlie  autumn  of  the  year  177(i  :  and  on  the  first 
of  January,  1778,  it  was  ojiened  for  public  worship, 
by  a  duscoui-se  from  the  Rev.  Dr.  Rodgers.  its  lii-st 
pastor.  The  congregations  worshijiing  in  Wall 
street  and  in  Beekman  street  remained  for  a  .series  of 
years  one  cliurch,  under  the  same  as.sociated  pastorate, 
the  same  Board  of  Trustees,  and  the  same  bench  of 
Ruling  Elders.  This  identity  of  interest  was  pre- 
served during  the  whole  of  the  Revolutionary  War, 
and  down  to  the  year  1809.  During  the  war  these 
two  Presbyterian  churches  were  the  objects  of  the 
special  vengeance  and  indignity  of  the  enemy.  The 
church  on  Wall  street  w;is  converted  into  barracks,  ■ 
and  the  Brick  Church  into  a  ho.spit;il;  defaced, 
stripped  of  their  interior,  and  left  in  ruins,  and  the 
parsonage  house  burned  to  the  ground.  On  the 
return  of  peace,  aiid  while  these  edifices  were  being 
repaired,  the  congregations  statedly  worshiped  in 
St.  George's  and  St.  Paul's,  through  the  unsolicited 
and  generous  courtes,v  of  the  vestry  of  Trinity 
Church. 

After  having  been  repaired,  at  great  expense,  the 

'  Brick   Church   was   reopened   in   June,   1784,   by   a 

'  discourse  from  Dr.   Rodgers,  from  the  words  of  the 

j  Psalmist,  "I  was  glad  when  they  said  unto  me,  let 

'  us  go  into  the  house  of  the  Lord."     The  ministers 

successively  associated  with  Dr.   Rodgers,   after  the 

conclusion  of  the  war,  were,  the  Rev.  .Tames  Wil.son, 

from"   .Scotland:    the  Rev.    John  McKnight:  and  the 

Rev.   Samuel   Miller.     These  congregations,  in  their 

I  united  capacity,  and  for  many  years,  established  and 

sustained  a  large  parochial  school,  in  Xa.s.sau,  between 

Liberty  and   Cedar  streets,   and   relinquished   their 

funds,  for  this  object,  to  the  public  school  directors, 

on  the  expressed  condition  that  no  child  whom  they 

should  re<'ommend  should  be  excluded,  and  that  the 

Bible  should  be  daily  read  in  the  schools. 

Serious  inconveniences  were  found  to  attend  the 
.irrangemeut  of  this  collegiate  charge,  and  by  an 
amicable  stipulation,  in  the  year  180.\  the  congrega- 
tions, till  then  united,  were  formed  into  seiKirate  and 
distinct  churches,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Rodgei-s  retaining  his 
relation  to  both,  and  the  Rev.  Dr.  Miller,  the  stated 
p:istor  of  the'  church  in  Wall  street.  Dr.  McKnight 
voluntarily  resigning  his  coimectioii  with  both 
churches. 

The  eldership  of  the  Brick  Church  at  this  time 
consisted  of  men  well  known,  both  in  ci\il  and  ecclc- 


«r.W  BIUCK  CIIVRCIl.   N.^V'   VoUK  CITT. 


BSICK  CHURCH. 


101 


BlUXSMADE. 


sia.''tieal  litV,  and  vciicraljle  for  aye  and  character. 
They  were  Abraham  Vangelder,  John  Thompson, 
AVilliam  Oyilvie,  Benjamin  Egbert,  Thomas  Frascr, 
John  Bingham,  John  Jlills,  and  Samuel  Osgood; 
to  which  wore  added,  shortly  after  the  separation  of 
the  churches,  William  "SVhitlock,  Richard  Cunning- 
ham, Rensselaer  Havens,  and  John  Adams.  "While 
all  these  gentlemen  were  men  of  worth  and  influence, 
the  ruling  spirit  among  them,  and  the  man  eminent 
for  discernment,  practical  wisdom,  ardent  piety,  and 
vigorous  action,  was  John  Mills. 

On  the  t<th  'of  August,  1810,  the  Rev.  Gardiner 
Spring  was  ordained  by  the  Presbytery  of  New  York, 
and  installed  the  pastor  of  the  Brick  Church,  in 
which  he  labored  for  half  a  century,  \f\ih  marked 
acceptablcness  and  great  success,  making  a  powerful 
impression  for  good  upon  the  community  by  his  con- 
sistent character,  eminent  pulpit  aliility,  and  jiastoral 
fidelity.  In  a  discourse  delivered  by  llr.  Spring, 
Jlay  2.5th,  1856,  as  the  closing  sermon  in  the  old 
Brick  Church  in  lieckmau  street,  he  made  the  fol- 
lowing eloquent  and  touching  reference  to  his  minis- 
try in  the  venerable  buUding: — 

"The  speaker  stands  here  for  the  last  time,  and 
you,  beloved  friends,  meet  f<ir  the  last  time  in  the 
consecrated  place  where  we  have  so  often  a.ssembled 
for  the  worship  of  God.  I  am  not  ignorant  of  the 
defects  of  my  ministry.  Yet  lune  I  this  thankful 
con\iction,  tliat,  so  far  as  I  have  known  it,  1  have 
not  shunne<l  to  declare  the  whole  eoun.sel  of  God.  If 
I  have  not,  testify  against  me  this  daj'.  We  call 
upon  you  to  witness,  we  call  upon  the  s:iinted  spirits 
of  the  departed  to  witness,  we  make  an  appeal  to  the 
walls  of  this  hallowed  edifice,  if  the  truth  of  God, 
detached  from  the  systems  of  human  iihilosophy,  from 
the  misnamed  improvements  and  ultraisms  of  the 
age,  and  I'rom  the  popular  daubing  with  nntempered 
mortar,  has  not  been  proclaimed  from  tliis  pulpit. 
This  house  has  also  been  greatly  endeared  to  us  as 
'the  house  of  prayer' — as  'the  hou.se  of  prayer  for  all 
people.'  Many  are  the  seasons  which  the  li\ing  and 
the  dead  have  here  enjoyed,  in  sweet  communion  with 
God  and  one  another.  This  house  has  lieen  our  thank- 
I'ul  resort  in  prosperity;  in  adversity  it  has  been  our 
refuge.  Here  the  aged  and  the  young  have  come,  for 
the  first  and  last  time,  to  coranuiuorate  the  love  of 
Christ  at  His  table.  Here  our  children  have  been 
baptized,  and  their  children  after  them,  and  lu+e  we 
have  wept  and  jirayc'd  together  as  God  has  called  them 
from  these  earthly  scenes.  Here  other  generations 
have  listened,  as  you  now  listen,  and  around  this  sx)ot 
and  beneath  it  are  the  sepulchres  of  the  departed.  I 
seem  to  st;ind,  to-day,  amid  generations  that  are  past, 
so  vividly  does  my  imagination  people  these  seats 
with  faces  and  forms  whose  place  now  knows  them 
no  more.  Plea.sant,  yet  mournful,  are  these  remiuis- 
cenci's;  memory  has  no  a.ssociations  more  delightful 
than  tliose  whii'h  run  by  the  waters  of  the  .sanctuary. 
Tliis  house  has  also  been  the  stranger's  home.     Of 


this  and  of  that  man  it  shall  one  day  be  said,  that 
'he  was  born  here.'  Many  a  wanderer  from  other 
lands,  and  more  from  distant  regions  of  our  own 
broad  territory,  have  here  sought  and  made  their 
peace  with  God,  while  many  a  backslider  has  been 
restored,  amid  scenes  which  have  given  joy  to  the 
angels  of  God,  and  told  of  the  years  of  the  right- 
hand  of  the  Jlo.st  High." 

The  Dedication  Sermon  of  the  New  Brick  Church, 
on  JIurray  Hill,  was  preached  by  Dr.  Spring,  October 
31st,  l-^.">'^,  on  the  text,  "Ye  shall  reverence  my 
sjinctuary," — Lev.  xix,  30.  In  this  discourse  the 
venerable  preacher  said:  "This  is  God's  house,  and 
we  come  to  dedicate  it  to  Him.  And  there  is,  in  my 
humble  judgment,  no  superstition,  but  great  pro- 
priety and  truth,  in  these  acts  of  dedication.  Tliere 
is,  and  there  ought  to  be,  as  wide  a  di.stinction 
between  the  house  of  God  and  all  other  places  of 
pul)lic  resort,  as  between  all  that  is  secular  and  all 
that  is  sacred.  The  one  is  a  .select  and  consecrated 
territory:  (he  other  belongs  to  the  business  of  the 
world.  Secul;ir  themes  and  secular  objects  have 
their  place,  but  that  place  is  not  the  sanctuary. 
From  our  hearts  we  dedicate  this  edifice  to  the  God 
of  heaven.  It  is  nothing  to  us  if  He  do  not  occujiy 
it.  Stand  up,  all  ye  people,  and  before  God,  angels 
and  men,  consecrate  it  to  His  worshi])  and  honor  to 
whom  it  belongs,  each  one  of  us  humljly  looking  to 
Him,  that  He  would  fill  it  with  His  great  glory.  Be 
it  ever  sacred  to  Him  by  whose  name  it  is  called; 
sacred  to  His  mercy-seat  and  His  praise;  sacred  to 
His  pure  gospel,  to  His  oivn  ordinances,  to  the  fellow- 
ship of  the  saints,  the  conversion  of  men,  and  the 
comfort  and  edification  of  those  who  fear  God  and 
love  His  Son.  Sacred  place!  'Arise,  O  Lord  God, 
thou  and  the  ark  of  thy  strength!  Let  thy  priests 
be  clothed  with  righteousness,  and  let  thy  saints 
shout  for  joy  I'  From  tliis  good  hour  let  this  house 
be  devoted  only  to  sacred  and  religions  u.ses.  Here 
let  all  th;it  is  s;icred  be  put  iu  motion,  and  all  that  is 
secular  be  put  at  rest." 

j  For  a  short  time  the  Rev.  "NV.  J.  Hoge  was  co- 
pastor  with  Dr.  Spring,  of  the  Brick  Church,  toward 
the  clo.se  of  his  pastorate.  After  Dr.  Spring  became 
Pastor  Emeritus  he  was  succeeded  in  the  pulpit  by 
the  Rev.  W.  G.  T.  Shedd,  n.  n.,  ll.  d.,  the  Rev.  J. 
O.  Murray,  D.  D.,  and  the  Rev.  Llewelyn  D.  Be  van, 
D.  D.  The  present  pastor  of  the  church  -is  the  Rev. 
H.  J.  Van  Dyke,  Jr.,  who  has  recently  been  called 
to  this  imjiortant  charge. 

Brinsmade,  Horatio  Nelson,  D.D.,  was  born 
at  New  Hartford,  Conn.,  Dec.  2.Sth,  179S;  graduated 
at  Yale  College  in  September,  1832,  and  inuuediately 
after  entered  Princeton  Seminary,  where  he  remained 
ne:irly  one  year,  after  which  he  went  to  Hartford, 
Conn.,  and  studied  theology  about  two  years,  under 
the  Rev.  Joel  Hawes,  D.P.,  tea<-hing  also  in  the  Deaf 
and  Dumb  Asylum  in  that  city,  from  Jlay  18'23, 
until  December,  1831. 


BRODHEAD. 


103 


BRODUEAD. 


][i-  Wius  licensed  liy  the  North  Conjcre^ritional 
Association  of  Hartford,  in  Jnne,  \>*H;  ordained  hv 
the  Siinu!  body  ius  an  evanp'list,  Jnne  1st.  1*2>^;  sni>- 
plicd  the  North  t'onj^reg-.itional  Church  in  Hartford 
a  part  of  the  years  18-27  and  1S-2H;  in  Decemlwr,  1«31, 
began  to  preach  at  Collins\-iIle,  Conn.,  and  served  a 
Congrcg;»tional  Church  vliich  w:is  org;ini/.ed  there  in 
August,  1W«,  until  XovemlH^r,  1«M!  At  the  latter 
date  he  iK'gan  to  preach  at  I'ittsfield,  M;iss.;  where 
he  was  installed  pastor  of  the  First  Congrcfiational 
Church,  F<l>ruary  lltli,  IK!.").  Here  he  lahorcd  with 
great  popularity  anil  success  for  six  and  a  lialf  years, 
and  wxs  releasiMl  ScptcmlHT  !»th,  Isll,  having  a  call 
to  tlie  Third  rresbyterian  Church  of  Newark,  N.  J. 
Over  this  new  charge  he  w;is  installed  September 
23d,  1841,  and  here  he  labored  with  large  acceptance 
and  usefulness  for  twelve  years.  On  October  9tli. 
IS.'iS.  he  was  relejuscd  hy  the  Presbytery  of  l'a.ss;iic. 

Dr.  I'.rinsmade's  next  ]>;Lstoratc  wa.s  over  the  First 
Congreg-.itional  Church  at  Heloit,  Wis.,  where  he 
was  installed,  Febru.ary  loth,  \>^'A,  and  closed 
seven  highly  successful  years  of  labor,  January  1st. 
18(il.  During  nearly  the  whole  of  this  time  he  gave 
gratuitous  instruction  in  Beloit  College.  From 
Beloit  he  returned  to  Newark,  N.  J.,  where  he  com- 
menced lalM)rs  with  a  mission  of  the  Third  Presbyte- 
rian Church,  as  a  result  of  which  thl-  WieklilVc 
Presbyterian  Church  wius  organized  by  the  Presby- 
tery of  Pa.'isaic,  May  1  1th,  l.-<(;.">.  He  continued  to 
serve  this  young  church  .as  stated  supply  until  April 
ir>th,  l-iliT,  at  which  <latc  he  was  duly  iustalled  a.s 
its  p.xstor,  from  which  pastoral  relation  he  was 
released  by  Newark  Pre-sbytery,  April  17th,  1872. 
He  continued,  however,  to  reside  in  Newark,  preach- 
ing often,  \i.s<-ful  in  many  ways  in  the  church  and 
the  community,  honore<l  and  belo\ed  by  all  around 
him,  until  his  death,  which  oecurrc'd  January  Isth, 
1879.  In  his  last  hours  all  with  him  was  light,  and 
peace  and. joy  in  believing. 

Dr.  Brinsmade  was  one  of  the  Iwst  of  men,  and 
one  of  the  most  faithful  and  useful  of  iKLstoi-s.  His 
preaching  wsia  always  with  e;irne.stne.ss  and  love.  He 
spent  and  was  sjK'nt  in  the  service  of  Christ.  Having 
traveled  extensively  in  Euroiui  and  the  Fast,  he  had 
bro.ad  and  intelligent  views.  He  was  faithful,  aflec- 
tionate,  devout.  The  law  of  love  was  the  rule  of  his 
life.  He  made  the  imprcs.s  of  his  jiii-ly  and  lidelily 
on  all  will)  came  within  the  riarli  of  bis  inlluence. 

Brodhead,  Augustus,  D.  D.,  .sou  of  lion.  John 
II.  and  F.lizii  (Koss)  lirodhead,  was  born  in  .Milford. 
Penn.sylvauia,  May  i:)th,  18;il.  He  gniduate<l  at 
I'nion  College,  New  York,  in  18.V>,  and  j>!Ls.sed  at 
once  into  the  Theological  Seminary  at  Princeton,  taking 
there  a  full  course,  lie  w:ls  lieen.sed  to  preach  by  the 
Presbytery  of  Hudson;  and,  having  Im'iui  a)i|Miinteil 
by  tlie  Hoard  of  I'oreign  .Missions  as  a  missionary  to 
India,  he  was  ordained  as  an  evangelist  by  the  same 
Presbytery,  May  llh,  Is."!-!. 

This  date  coincides  with  '.he  darkest  Jicriod  in  the 


history  of  our  missions  to  India.  The  Sc-poy  mutiny 
had  broken  up  all  Christian  work  in  the  Northwest 
Provinces.  Four  of  our  missionaries,  with  their 
families,  had  been  m;us.sacred.  The  Christian  converts 
were  scattered,  and  confu.sion  and  anarchy  still  xire- 
vailed  throughout  the  eonntrj-.  But  all  the  atrcK-itics 
of  the  mutiny  and  all  the  uncertainties  of  the  future 
could  not  d:iunt  the  courage  or  shake  the  resolution 
of  those  young  Christians  who  consecrated  them.selvcs 
to  tlie  service  of  the  India  Mission  and  ]>rc-,ss<-d  for- 
ward to  take  the  place  of  their  martyred  brethren. 
i)\\  the  l.'ith  of  July,  IK")-*,  Mr.  Brcjclhead  was  mar- 
ried to  Mi.ss  Fniily  Cumming,  of  Princeton,  N.  J. 
They  s;iiled  for  India  on  the  7th  of  Noveml)er,  by  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hoiie,  and,  after  a  protracted  voyiige, 
landed  in  Calcuttii,  April  4th,  1859.  Their  first  settle- 
ment in  India  was  at  Mainpuri,  an  interesting  city  of 
twenty-five  thou.s;ind  inliabitants,  lying  in  a  brcrad 
and  fertile  plain,  midway  between  the  Ganges  and 
■Tumna  l{ivc>rs,  a  deiisely-iieopled  regicm,  cK'cujiied  by 
a  race  of  sturdy  and  prosperoiLs  farmers,  with  the 
iLsual  admixture  of  Brahmias,  mercliants  and  arti- 
.sjins,  presenting  some  of  the  best  features  of  Ilindcm 
social  life.  Here,  and  at  Futtehgarh,  near  by,  twelve 
or  thirteen  years  were  sjient  in  preaching,  teaching, 
ministering  to  the  native  churches  and  org-anizing 
their  evangelistic  elTorts. 

In  1872he  was  transferred  by  the  Mission  toAUalm- 
bad,  the  .seat  of  Government  of  the  Northwest  Prov- 
ince, cme  of  the  most  imiMirt;int  cities  in  North  India, 
where  si'veral  years  more  of  missionary  life  were  ]ht- 
mitted  him,  which  were  sjx-nt  in  a  wide  range  of 
Christian  work.  He  took  a  prominent  part  in  the 
Theological  Training  School  of  the  Synod  of  India; 
WTote  and  published  valuable  treatises  in  Siicred  and 
Church  History,  as  well  .is  othc-r  Inioks  of  a  more 
practical  and  devotional  chanictc^r ;  he  edited  the 
magazine  imblished  by  the  Mis.sion  for  the  u.se  of  the 
native  Christians,  and  assisted  ill  the  iirejuiniticm  of 
[  hymn  books  for  the  Church  and  Sunday  .'vIickiI,  for 
which  he  wrote  a  considerable  nuiiibir  of  hyiiiiis  and 
translations;  he  was  actively  engaged  in  the  manage- 
meut  of  the  North  India  Bible  and  Tract  ScK'ieties 
and  the  Christian  Vc-rnaeular  Education  Society.  His 
knowlc-dge  of  aflairs,  his  calm  and  inqxirtial  judg- 
ment, his  warm  and  kindly  heart,  his  cxteii.sive  mis- 
sionary c'XiM-rieiu-e,  c-ombined  to  give  him  great 
,  iulluciiee,  not  only  in  his  own,  but  also  in  the  Slis- 
sions  of  otlic-r  c-luirehes. 

At  length  a  succession  of  severe  attacks  of  illness 
made  it  evident  to  his  medical  advi.s«>rsand  the  mem- 
l)ers  of  the  Missicm  that  his  constitnticm  would  not 
much  Umger  lie  able  to  be.'ir  the  strain  of  the  Indian 
climate.  Vc-ry  n-liulantly he  yielded  to  the  ne<-essity, 
and  in  I>'78  re-signed  the  service  of  the  Mission  and 
returned  to  Americ-a,  where  nl1er  several  teiii|Kir;iry 
c-ngageiiieiit.s  he  aeeepted  a  call  from  the  First  Church 
'  of  BridgelcMi,  N.  J.,  over  which  he  was  installed  jias- 
lor.  Mav  4tli,  H-1. 


BBO\l\y. 


103 


BRu  irx. 


Bro'wii,  Rev.  Andrevr,  from  Pendleton  Dis- 
trict, South  Carolina,  .s(ttli<l  at  Tuscaloosa,  Alabama, 
in  January,  A.  D.  ls-20.  This  venerable  si-rvant  of 
Christ  was  the  first  of  our  order  to  break  the  bread  of 
life  to  wanderers  scattered  up  and  down  in  that 
then  recent  wilderness,  and  he,  unaided  and  alone, 
except  by  Hira  who  hath  said,  "  Lo,  I  am  with  you 
always,  even  to  the  end  of  the  world,"  was  enabled, 
by  untiring  zeal  and  perseverance  in  his  Master's 
work  here,  to  rear  the  blood-stained  banner,  and 
gather  around  it  the  soldiers  of  the  Cross.  In  1820 
he  organized  the  Bethel  Church  in  Tuscaloo.sa.  In 
1821  he,  a,s.sisted  by  the  lamente<l  lirother.  Rev. 
Francis  H.  Porter,  organized  the  Xew  Hope  Church, 
in  (ireene  county,  and  in  18-22  he  organized  the 
Lebanon  Church,  in  Tuscaloosa  county. 

In  January,  1822,  he  removed  to  Mesopotamia, 
still  preaching  at  most  of  the  churches  lie  had 
already  organized,  and  here,  in  the  Fall  of  1823,  he 
had  called  on  the  Rev.  James  Hillhouse,  and  the 
Kev.  Joseph  P.  C'uuningham,  to  a.ssist  in  organizing 
the  church  in  Mesopotamia.  The  day  for  that  pur- 
po.se  being  set,  lie  went  to  JIarion,  Perry  county,  to 
attend  a  meeting  of  the  Presbytery,  where  he  died, 
after  five  days'  sickness.  This  event  was  a  severe 
bereavement  to  bis  brethren  of  the  Presbytery,  who, 
being  mostly  young  men,  looked  up  to  him  as  their 
guide  in  ecclesiastical  matters.  He  was  a  man  of  clear, 
discriminating  views  on  all  theological  subjects; 
rigid  in  his  adherence  to  what  he  believed  to  be 
truth,  and  fearless  in  proclaiming  it. 

Bro"wn,  Alexander  Blaine,  D.  D.,  was  the  son 
of  JIatthew  Brown,  I).  D.,  I.I..  i).  and  Mary  Blaine.  He 
griiduated  at  Jetferson  College  in  182.'>;  sptnt  some 
time  in  teaching  a  classical  school  in  the  State  of 
Delaware;  studied  theology  at  the  Western  Seminary, 
and  was  licensed  by  the  Presbytery  of  Ohio,  in 
October,  1831.  After  his  licensure  he  spent  a  short 
time  as  a  missionary  in  Virginia,  his  field  of  labor 
being  the  counties  lying  below  the  Blue  Ridge. 
Here  bis  services  were  greatly  acceptable,  and  he  was 
earnestly  urged  to  settle  among  them.  On  Jiine  27th, 
1833,  he  took  charge  of  the  duirches  of  Biruiinghara 
and  Concord,  in  the  vicinity  of  Pittsburg,  and  devoted 
himself  assiduously  to  his  work,  especially  among 
the  children  and  youth  of  his  flocks.  He  subse- 
quently became  pastor  of  the  Church  in  Xiles 
Michigan,  where  he  was  beloved  and  honored.  In 
1839  he  left  Xiles,  and  was  settled  for  a  short  time 
in  Portsmouth,  Ohio,  where  he  labored  with  gicat 
acceptance.  In  1841  be  accepttd  the  jiost  of  Professor 
of  Belles  Lettres  and  adjunct  Professor  of  Languages 
in  Jeflerson  College,  and  also  the  charge  of  Centre 
Church,  a  few  miles  distant  from  Canonsburg.  In 
184.T  he  was  made  Profes.sor  of  Rhetoric,  Logic  and 
General  History,  and,  at  the  same  time,  transferred 
to  the  pastoral  charge  of  the  congregation  at  Cliartiers. 
I»i  October,  1817,  he  was  chosen  President  of  the 
College,  as  successor  of  Dr.  K.  .1.  Breckinridge,  by  a 


unanimous  vote  of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  in  which 
position  lie  fully  met  the  expectations  of  the  trustees, 
the  students  and  the  country.  In  If^'td  impaired 
health  led  to  his  resignation  of  the  presiden<  v,  re- 
taining, at  the  e;irnest  solicitation  of  the  Board,  the 
office  of  "  Extraordinary  Professor  of  English  ]>itera- 
ture." 

Dr.  Brown  died  on  his  farm,  near  his  old  flock,  at 
I  Centre,  September  8th,  1863.     He  was  a  singularly 
guileless  and  unselfish  man.     The  salient  points  of 
his    character  were    excellent   judgment,    exiiuisite 
j  taste  and  extraordinary  moilesty  and  delicacy.     He 
I  wasanadmirable  teacher  of  mental  and  moral  philoso- 
phy.    As  a  preacher  he  was  instrnctivi',  j)athetic  and 
impressive.    He  was  greatly  beloved  by  all  who  knew 
him.     Religion  and  learning,  alike,  will  lofig  cherish 
his  memory,  and  blend  their  tears  over  his  grave. 
j     Bro'WTi,  Rev.  Allen  Henry,  was  born  in  Xew 
,  York  city,  September  23d,  1820;  graduated  at  Colnra- 
'  bia  College  in  1839,  and  studied  theology  at  Union 
Seminary,   New  York,  and  at  Princeton  Seminary. 
He  was  Agent  of  the  American  Tract  Society,  1814-lG; 
ordained  an    evangelist  by  the    Presbytery  of  ^Vest 
Jer.sey,  January  5th,   1848;   stated  supply  at  May's 
Landing,   N.   J.,  1847-60;   Presbytcrial  Mi.ssionary, 
Absecom,   1860-70;  stated  supply  at  May's  Landing 
and  Tuckahoe,  1870-72 ;   resided  in  New  Y'ork  city 
in  1873,  and  since  1874  has  been  Synodical   Slission- 
ary  of  New  Jersey,  residing  at  Camden.     Mr.  Brown 
is   an   exeniplarj'   Christian,    mild   and   winning  in 
manner,   and  devoted  to  the  work  of  doing   good. 
He  has  aecomnlished  much  for  Presbvterianism  in 
New  Jersey,  by  organizing  new  chunhes,  strengthen- 
ing feeble  ones,  and  publishing  a  history  of  the  cause 
in  that  State.     His  eflbrts  in    behalf   of   Sabbath 
observance  are  worthy  of  all  commendation. 

Bro'WTi,  Rev.  Charles,  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, Pa.,  in  November,  180.5,  educated  in  the  same 
city,  and  was  licensed  and  ordained  by  the  Second 
Presbytery  of  Philadelphia,  in  1833.  For  the  first 
six  years  he  ministered,  successively,  to  the  churches 
of  Greensborougli,  Mispillion,  Drawyers  and  Port 
Penn.  He  w;is  Secretary  of  the  Philadelphia  Tract 
Society,  in  1841,  and  pastor  of  the  Logan  Square 
Presbji:erian  Church,  Philadelphia,  from  1842  until 
1855,  when  he  became  City  Agent  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Colonization  Society,  and  held  the  office  for 
three  years.  He  wius  Corresponding  Secretary  of  the 
Philadelphia  Education  Society,  from  1858  until 
1864,  and  Secretary  of  the  Relief  Fund  for  Disabled 
Ministers  (N.  S.),  from  1864  until  1870,  when,  on 
the  reunion  of  the  two  branches  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church,  he  w  as  elected  Treasurer  of  the  united  Fund. 
He  still  holds  the  office  of  Recording  Secretary  and 
Treasurer  of  the  Presbyterian  Board  of  Relief.  For 
nearly  seven  years  Mr.  Brown  preached  regularly  to  the 
First  Church  of  Darby,  in  addition  to  his  labors  as  Cor- 
responding .Secretary,  and  for  thirty-live  years  the 
Philadelphia  Presbyterian  Ministerial  Association  was 


DUO  ir.v. 


104 


SKons. 


favorrd  with  liis  wcokly  scm'ecs  as  its  Kecording 
S«rrctary.  He  is  now  in  tlie  tifty-lirst  year  of  his 
ministry.  Mr.  ]5rown's  life  has  In'cn  one  of  steady 
Christian  consi.steney,  and  of  diligent  activity  and 
marked  ii.s<  l"ulne.>«  in  the  Ma-iter's  serviee.  In  all  the 
congrejjpitions  of  whieh  he  luis  been  pastor  he  held 
the  affections  of  his  people,  prosecuted  his  work 
without  any  discord  among  them;  and  his  lalmrs 
were  attended  with  the  divine  blessing.  The  origin 
of  at  le;ust  four  churches  Ciin  be  traced  to  his  early 
and  earnest  lalK)rs.  He  has  filled  all  the  oflices  to 
which  the  Church  hits  called  him  with  Rrcat  fi<lelity 
and  s;\tisfaction,  and  deservedly  enjoys  the  coiiljdeuce 
anil  alliction  nf  his  brethn  ii. 

BroTVH,  Duncan,  D.  D.,  was  born  in  Bladen, 
now  RoTjeson  county,  North  Carolina,  October  M, 
1771 ;  received  a  classical  education  in  the  neighbor- 
hood; studied  theology  under  David  Caldwell,  n.  D., 
in  Guilford  county,  X.  C. ;  was  licensed  March  5th. 
ISOl,  by  Orange  Presbytery,  and  immediately  entered 
upon  his  labors  as  an  itinerant  missionary  in  Xorth 
and  South  Carolina.  In  li(t-2  ho  was  ordained  and 
installed  pastor  of  the  cluircbes  of  Hopewell  and 
Aimwell,  in  South  Carolina,  and  continued  in  this 
relation  tmtil  1810,  when  he  removed  to  Maury ' 
county,  Tennessee.  He  resided  in  that  county, 
though  not  always  in  the  same  place,  until  his  death, 
which  occnrred  June  17th,  18(i].  During  his  long 
ministerial  career,  Dr.  Brown  lal)ored:Lsa  missionary 
and  stated  supply  in  Middle  Tenne.s.see  and  Xortliern 
Alabama,  where  many  churche.s  enjoyed  his  labors 
anil  Iniiiii  gcuiil  \v;is  aoiiiiijilislicd. 

Bro'wm,  Frederick  T.,  D.  D.,  wxs  born  in  West 
Carlisle,  Coshocton  county,  Ohio.  He  was  the  fourth 
son  of  William  and  Eleanor  Brown.  He  was  prepared 
for  Cijlcge  in  the  Primary  Department  of  Jefferson 
College,  Penn.sylvania.  in  which  Institution  he  pa.s,sed 
the  Freshman  year.  He  then  entered  the  Sojiliomore 
flass  of  Princeton  College,  and  graduated  from  X:lss;iu 
Hall  in  l^^  l.j.  He  studied  theol.>g^•  in  the  Theological 
Seminary  at  Princeton,  ami  in  tlie  Tbeologieal  School 
at  (ieneva,  Switzerland,  under  D'.Vubignt',  (;aus.sjin 
and  others.  His  first  ministerial  ch.'irge  was  ua  a 
sup])ly  to  the  First  Presbyterian  Church,  Dayton,Ohio,  [ 
during  a  six  months'  absence  of  its  pastor.  In  the 
Spring  of  IfJ.'iO  he  was  called  to  the  pa.storate  of  the 
First  Presbyterian  Church,  Madison,  Ind.  In  \KV.\ 
he  was  sent  by  the  Board  of  Domestic  Missions  to 
Cleveland.  Ohio,  where  he  org-.mizcd  thi'  Weslminst<'r 
Presbyterian  Church,  and  miiiisteri-d  to  it  until  ISfil. 
In  lH(i2  he  Wius  called  to  Bridge  Streit  PresbyteriiUi 
Chnrch,  Oeorgetown,  D,  C.  In  1>*(>."),  at  the  command 
of  his  Presbyterj',  he  was  sent  on  a  special  mission 
for  the  Church  to  Chicago.  In  18(i7  he  wius  called  to 
the  Centnil  Presbyterian  Cliurch,  St.  Paul,  Minn.  In 
l-C'i  he  was  called  to  the  First  Presbyterian  Church, 
.\nn  .\rI>or,  Mich.  XmX  in  l"*-^!  he  Wiis  called  to  the 
First  Presbyterian  Chiiri'li.Mana.'<c|uan.  X.  J..ofwhii'h 
lie    is    now  the   acci])lable  and   useful   juistur.       I>r. 


Brown  is  an  able,  sound  and  earnest  preacher.  He  is 
a  vigorous  and  graceful  writer,  and  uses  his  pen 
frequently  for  religious  periodicals.  He  is  ever  fear- 
less and  faithful  in  what  he  reg:irds  to  l>e  his  duty. 
He  w:us  one  of  the  first  O.  S.  Commissioners  ap- 
pointed to  negotiate  the  uniim  of  the  t).  .">.  and  X.  S. 
churches. 

Brown,  Rev.  Henry,  .son  of  the  Uev.  Samuel 
and  Mary  (Jloore)  Brown,  w;is  1)orn  in  Kockbridge 
County,  Va.,  Xovemlier  2)sth,  I's*)-!,  graduated  at 
Washington  College,  Va.,  in  18"27,  was  a  student  at 
I'rinceton  Seminary  and  Union  Seminary,  Va..  and 
Wiis  licen.st-d  by  Lexingtim  Presbytery,  .Vpril  l>th, 
1829.  He  first  lalxired  as  a  missionary  in  Kanawha 
coiuity,  Va.,  then  (in  18.'J1 )  in  liandoljih  county,  Va., 
preaching  at  Beverly,  Huttonsvillc,  and  Mingo  Flats, 
with  great  success,  then  (in  1832),  at  Woo«lstock,  Va., 
where  for  two  years  ho  enjoyed  similar  success. 
From  18.33  to  1836  he  labored  in  AugiLsta  county, 
where  he  gathered  and  org-.inized  Shemariah  Church. 
For  two  years,  1>':!(^'^,  he  was  state-d  snpjily  at 
lirierv-  Church,  A'a.;  from  1838-10,  prt-ached  in 
churches  in  the  neighborhood  of  Wilmington,  X.  C, 
with  much  success,  supjilied  P.lack  liiverand  Rockfish 
churches,  Va.,  1840-1,  and  the  church  at  Harrison- 
burg, 18^ll-,-)3.  In  July  lOtli,  18.->3,  he  was  installed 
pastor  of  Goshen  Cliurch,  Va.,  and  continued  in  this 
relation  until  August  F'.th,  l-'.'>7.  At  the  scinu-  time 
he  was  also  jiastor  of  Pisg-.ih  Church,  from  S<-i)t<  nil>er 
21th,  18.">3  to  Xovember2:{<l,  l8.j(i.  Subs<'(|uently  he 
was  Jiastor  of  the  Church  at  Lake  City.  Fla.,  from 
.\|>ril  2.'>th,  IM.lS  until  February  ].">th,  1.8."i9:  a  mis- 
sionary in  Cherokee  Presbytery  from  18."i9  to  1S62; 
stated  supply  of  Liifayette  and  Harmony  chnrches, 
Alabama,  in  18(>()-7,  and  an  evangelist  in  Knox 
Presbytery  five  years,  1867-72.  From  1872-7,  he 
preaclu'd  at  Pilatka,  Enterpri.se,  Cedar  Keys,  and 
other  j)laces  in  Florida,  as  he  was  able.  Mr.  Brown 
died  January  14th,  l-'-'l.  He  was  a  man  of  earnest 
piet,v,  of  deep  humilit.v,  of  sound  mind,  of  gn-at 
energy,  of  tender  emotion,  and  of  strong  affections. 
He  was  intensely  devoted  to  the  work  of  the  minis- 
try and  to  the  cause  of  Christ. 

Brown,  Rev.  Horatio  Woodward,  was  bom 
at  Buffalo,  X.  V.,  on  the  27lh  day  <if  July,  \<K.\.  He 
gnidualed  at  Yale  Collegi',  Conn.,  in  ISVI,  and  was 
Tutor  in  the  College  from  IsVi  to  ls.">!>.  He  ]iursui'4l 
theological  stiulies  in  both  I'nion  Theological  Si-mi- 
nary,  Xew  York,  and  at  New  Haven.  In  the  Winter 
of  ls,")!l-(iO,  he  was  ordained  to  the  gos|M'l  mini.strv, 
and  siM-iit  a  few  months  lalH>ring  in  Wiseon.sin.  His 
health,  however,  be<'omiiig  im|iiiired,  lie  sought  its 
re-t>slablishment  by  travel  and  n  soj<u>rn  of  two  years 
in  Euro)ie.  Kcturning  home  he  .simhi  ri'sunu'd  mini.s- 
terial  work,  and  up  to  the  Spring  of  1«70  was  the 
wry  acceptable  and  usi-fnl  jKuxtiir  of  the  Presbyterian 
Churchesof  Lyons  and  llr<H-k|H>rt,  X.  Y.  In  the  year 
H71  he  was  called  to  the  Presbyterian  Church  of 
WilliamsiK)rt,  Pa.,  his  present  charge. 


BBOWX. 


105 


£Jio  irx. 


The  Rabhath  services  of  Jlr.  Brown  are  eminently 
instructive,  and  he  has  tlie  pi5wer,  in  no  ordinarj- 
degree,  of  interesting  his  hearers  in  the  sulyects  he 
preaches  npon.  He  is,  moreover,  a  most  faithful 
pastor.  Burdened  \vith  the  calamity  of  deafness,  it 
is  surprising  to  his  Iriends  and  people  how  he  can 
accomplish  the  amount  of  ser\nce  he  so  regularly 
renders.  He  has  ever  been  a  hard  student,  and  his 
preparations  for  the  pulpit  are  carefully  and  labori- 
ously made.  His  love  of  books  in  th''  line  of 
his  profession  almost  amounts  to  a  pa.ssion.  In  the 
delivery  of  his  sermons  he  is  animat<'d.  His  Tvell 
furnished  mind,  his  excellence  as  a  preacher,  his 
kindness  of  heart,  his  e\idont  anxiety  to  do  good,  his 
sense  of  the  great  responsibility  resting  upon  him  as  a 
shepherd  over  those  whom  the  Miister  has  committed 
to  his  care  and  oversight,  and  his  cea-seless  devotion 
to  his  work,  not  only  make  him  a  useful  servant  of 
Christ,  but  endear  him  greatly  to  the  hearts  of  his 
people. 

BroTVii,  Rev.  Hugh  Arbuthnot,  was  born  in 
1819,  in  St.  Clairs\-ille,  Ohio;  was  educated  at  JclTer- 
son  College,  Pa.,  from  which  he  was  graduated,  with 
the  first  honors  of  his  cla.ss,  in  18 10;  studied  theologj- 
at  the  Theological  Seminary,  Princeton,  where  he 
graduated  in  1843;  went  as  a  missionary  to  China, 
under  the  Presbyterian  Board,  where  he  remained  till 
1849,  when  an  affection  of  the  eyes,  endangering  his 
sight,  compelled  him  to  return.  He  organized  and 
ministered  to  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Rock- 
ford,  111.;  removed  from  there  to  Mossingford,  Char- 
lotte county,  Va.,  in  18.57,  where  he  still  is  the  faith- 
ful and  efficient  pastor  of  Hcrmon  Church. 

Bro-wn,  Isaac  V.,  D.  D.,  was  born  in  Plucka- 
min,  Somerset  county,  N.  J  ,  November  4th,  1784. 
He  graduated  at  Na.ssau  Hall;  studied  theology  under 
Dr.  John  WoodhuU,  of  Freehold,  X.  J. ;  was  licen.sed 
by  New  Brunswick  Pre,sb\-tery,  and  ordained  by  it  in 
1807,  as  p:istor  of  the  church  at  LawTcnceville,  X.  J. 
In  1810  he  established  the  LawTcnceville  Classical 
and  Commercial  Boarding  School,  and  remained  at 
the  head  of  it  until  1833,  when  he  removed  to  Mount 
Holly,  X.  J.,  and  was  instrumental  in  organizing  the 
Presbyterian  Church  now  in  e.xistence  there.  In 
addition  he  preached  at  Plattsburg,  N.  J.,  and 
org-anized  a  church  there.  The  remaining  years  of 
his  life  wore  pas.sed  in  X'ew  Bruuswi<k,  Trenton,  and 
other  places  in  the  vicinity,  preaching  as  occasion 
required.  Dr.  Brown  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Amirican  Colonization  Society,  and  one  of  the 
original  members  of  the  .American  Bible  Society.  He 
died  Ai)ril  19th,  1861.  He  w:us  a  man  of  rare  talents 
and  learning,  enterprising  and  public  spirited,  a 
warm  friend,  a  liberal  and  zealoius  supporter  and 
defender  of  whatever  he  felt  was  "  the  right."- 

Brown,  James  CaldweU,  D.D.,  was  born  at 

St.  Clairsville,  Ohio,   iu  October,  181.1;  graduated  at 

.Tril'crson  College   with  honor,  and  stiuliid  theolog_v 

.  two  years  in  the  Seminary  at  .Vllegheny,  Pa.,  also  one 


year  at  the  Seminary  in  Columbia,  South  Carolina. 
He  wa.s  licen.sed  by  the  Presbytery  of  Harmony,  S.  C, 
18.3.'*.  In  the  fall  of  1S39  he  settled  in  Valparaiso, 
Indiana,  then  a  village,  and  there  labored  with  ardent 
zeal  and  remarkable  success.  Not  less  than  a  thou- 
sand souls  there  and  in  the  country  round  acknowl- 
edged him  as  their  spiritual  father.  Nejirly  every 
Pre.sbyterian  church  within  a  circuit  of  thirty  miles 
was  organized  by  him.  lie  was  known  to  ride  sixty 
miles  to  preach  to  a  poor  Pre.sbyterian  widow  and 
her  family,  in  a  destitute  neighborhood.  In  1860,  at 
the  urgent  request  of  the  Directors  of  the  Theologi- 
cal Seminary  at  Chicago,  he  became  General  Agent 
of  that  institution,  but  the  national  troubles  blasted 
all  prospects  of  raising  money,  and  after  a  few 
months  of  fruitless  efforts  in  the  work,  he  accepted 
an  invitation  to  St.  Louis,  to  supply  the  pulpit  of 
Dr.  SIcPheeters'  church,  during  his  absence  for  his 
health.  Here  he  labored  eight  months,  God  blessing 
him  with  a  glorious  revival  and  the  devoted  love  of 
that  people.  On  Dr.  McPhceters'  return  he  accepted 
an  invitation  to  supi>ly  temporarily  the  puljiit  of 
the  Presl)yt<^rian  Church  of  South  Bend,  Indiana. 
There,  also,  a  bles.sed  revival  attended  his  labors.  He 
i  died,  July  14th,  1862,  in  the  triumphs  of  the  faith 
!  of  Jesus.  Dr.  Brown  was  a  devout  Cliristian  and 
eminently  devoted  to  the  work  of  the  ministry.  He 
,  was  ' '  instant  in  sea.sou  and  out  of  sea.son, ' '  not  only 
in  preaching  the  gospel  publicly  and  from  house  to 
house,  but  in  demising  and  executing  schemes  for 
advancing  the  interests  of  our  poor  humanity  in 
every  way.  He  exhibited  an  endless  acti\'ity  in 
doing  good,  and  .sought  to  make  his  whole  life  one 
I  living  sermon. 

Brown,  James  Moore,  D.  D.,  was  born  in  the 
Valley  of  Virginia,  September  13th,  1799;  was  edu- 
cated at  ■^Washington  College,  Va. ;  studied  theology 
under  George  A.  Baxter,  D.  r>.,  and  was  licensed  by 
Lexington  Presbytery,  April  '23d,  l-i-Jl.  In  August 
following  he  visited  the  churches  of  Gerrardstown, 
Tuscarora  and  Falling  Waters,  in  Berkely  county, 
Va.,  and  September  30th,  1826,  was  installed  their 
pa.stor.  Here  he  labored  like  an  apostle,  earnestly, 
laithfully  and  successfully.  In  183.),  at  the  urgent 
solicitation  of  the  Synods  of  Virginia  and  North 
Carolina,  he  undertook  an  agency  for  the  cause  of 
Missions,  and  removed  to  Prince  Edward  county,  Va., 
as  a  more  central  location  for  his  work.  In  this  work 
he  continued  two  years,  and  labored  with  untiring 
industry  and  great  efficiency. 

In  April,  1837,  he  received  a  call  to  the  Cliurch  of 
Kanawha,  then  embracing  the  present  churches  of 
Charle.stown  and  Kanawha  Salines,  Va.,  where,  for 
twenty-five  years,  he  lalwred  with  success,  beloved 
more  and  more  by  all  who  knew  him.  With  his 
usual  energy-  and  activity  as  a  minist<'r  of  Christ,  he 
extended  his  labors  through  all  the  surrounding  re- 
gions, for  a  hundred  miles  or  more.  He  died  .Tune 
7th,  1862.  and  his  final  .scene  w:us  one  of  triumph. 


nnuwx. 


lOG 


Dnuu'x. 


Dr.  Brown  was  held  in  rory  high  regard  as  a  man, 
a  citizen,  ami  a  iVicntl.  He  was  eminently  a  wise 
man,  and  a  wise  omusollor  in  the  Cliureli.  For 
thirty  years,  at  leiist,  he  stooil  forth  eminent  :us  a 
wisi-  man  in  the  Synod.  He  was  eminently  u  man 
of  JK'aee  whenever  it  w:ls  lH)Ssil)le  to  live  iKMcealjly 
with  all  men  wilhont  eompromise  of  the  Truth  as  it 
is  in  Jesus.  His  judgment  wxs  Almost  unerring, 
and  this  not  only  because  of  his  finely  baluncud  intel- 
lectual powers,  hut  aliove  all,  jK'cau.se  he  seemed  ever 
to  he  a  man  without  the  piussions  of  other  men.  As 
a  preacher  lie  w:i.s  soliil  and  earnest.  He  pre- 
sented the  great  iK>iiits  of  the  gosjiel  without  mere- 
tricious ornament,  hut  with  linusuij  clearness,  (Hiiut, 
and  vigor.  "Of  all  the  iireaehers  we  have  ever 
known,"  siid  the  Kev.  Stuart  Kohinson,  n.  D.,  "Dr. 
Brown  might  apply  to  himself  the  language  of  Paul : 
'  I  determined  to  known  nothing  among  you  save 
Jesus  Christ  and  Him  crucified.'  " 

Brown,  Rev.  John,  was  Inirn  in  Inland;  gradu- 
ated at  Nas.s;iu  Hall  in  17-19;  w;us  liceiisi-d  hy  Xew 
Castle  Pre-shytery,  and  Wius  sent  to  the  Valley  of 
Virginia.  In  August,  1T.">:!,  he  was  called  to  Timber 
Eidge  and  Providence.  He  w:ls  ordained  at  I'agg's 
Manor,  October  llth,  IToS.  Mr.  Davies  s])eaks  of 
him,  in  1751,  a-s  a  youth  of  })iety,  prudence,  and 
zeal.  It  was  under  a  sermon  jireached  byMr.  lirown, 
from  I'.salm  vii,  12,  that  the  Kev.  Dr.  JlcWhorter, 
in  early  youth,  Wius  imprc.s.sed  and  led  to  the  Saviour. 
He  resigned  the  charge  of  Timber  liidge  in  177ti,  and 
removed,  in  17!I7,  to  Kentucky.  He  died  in  1803, 
agid  scvinty-five. 

Brown,  John  A.,  Merchant  and  Banker,  wa.s 
born  at  Ballymena,  County  Antrim,  Ireland,  May 
21st,  1788.  His  father,  Alexander  Brown,  a  gentle- 
man of  good  family  and  large  fortune,  left  Ireland  in 
con.se<|nence  of  the  political  agitation,  came  to  this 
country,  and  established  himself  at  Baltimore,  about 
the  opening  of  the  present  eentury.  The  son,  after 
comjileting  his  eduaition,  and  sjMiiding  .some  time  in 
his  father's  eounting-house,  in  1^18  settled  in  Phila- 
delphia, and  eng.iged  in  business  as  an  importing, 
jobbing  anil  general  commi.ssion/nierchaiit,  grailually 
Iwcoming  al.so  a  banker.  He  soon  atUiined  a  leading 
position  in  the  business  community,  and  w;>a  elected 
a  Director  of  the  old  United  States  Bank,  under  the 
presidency  of  Nichohui  Biddle.  In  18:!8  he  retired 
from  active  business  ])ursuil.s,  but  still  continued,  as 
long  as  his  health  would  ]H-nnit,  to  take  an  influ- 
ential part  ill  the  iiianagemciit  of  many  public  insti- 
tutions. He  had  served  as  a  Director  of  the  Phila- 
delphia Saving  Fund  Society  from  1''27,  in  which 
position  he  still  coiitiniic<l,  his  name  for  many  years 
heading  the  Ji.st;  and  mainly  through  his  inlhience 
the  liand.simie  and  Hu1>stnntial  building  at  Seventh 
and  Walnut  strect.s,  in  which  its  business  is  now 
eondiicli'd,  WiW  erected. 

Mr.  Brown  w:w  always  active  in  religious  and 
bemvolciit  enterpri.ses.     Ho  acted  for  many  years  as 


President  of  the  American  Sunday-school  Union  and 
of  the  Philadelphia  Sabbath  .\ssociation;  served  as  a 
manager  of  the  Blind  Asylum;  Wiis  chiefly  instru- 
mental, in  connection  with  Henry  Baldwin,  in  found- 
ing the  Calvary  I'resbyterian  Church  (of  which  he 
wiLS  a  memlier),  one  of  the  largest  and  most  U-sefuI  in 
the  city,  contributing,  also,  the  ground  and  a  large 
share  of  the  money  for  the  ch:ipel,  and,  finally, 
crownied  a  long  career  of  u.sefulnes3  and  iK-ncvolence 
by  donating  thn-e  hundred  thousand  dollars  to  the 
Presbyterian  lIo.spit;iI,  which  was  founded  in  West 
Philadelphia,  in  1871.  Mr.  Brown  died  in  Phila- 
delphia, December  ."Jlst.  1872,  leaving  an  only  son, 
Alexander  Brown,  of  that  city.  His  generous  <hari- 
ties  while  living  were  supplemented  by  large  lK><jiiests 


JOHN  A.   HROWX. 

to  nnmeiiius  public  institutions  by  the  provisions  of 
his  will.  He  wjw  very  highly  esteemed  in  the  city 
of  his  residence,  for  his  integrity,  public  spirit  and 
Christian  consistency,  and  has  left,  the  rei-ord  of  an 
untarnished  name  and  an  eminently  useful  life. 

Brown,  Rov.  Joseph,  was  a  -son  of  the  Rev 
Siimuel  Brown  and  Mary  (MiMire)  Brown,  the  latter 
of  whom,  in  early  life,  was  the  captive  anumg  the 
Indians  whose  hist4>ry  is  given  in  the  volume 
entitled,  "The  Captives  of  .Vbb's  Valley,"  and  was 
liorn  in  Koekbridge  eouiity,  Va.,  SeptemlxT  21th, 
18(J9.  He  gntduated  at  Washington  Colleg«",  Va.,  in 
18:10;  8])ent  two  years  in  teaching,  and  gTaduat4Kl  at 
Princeton  Seminary,  in  18;j,'>.  He  w;us  lii-en.s«-d  by 
I^'xiiigton  Presbytery,  tK-tolior  17th,  IKtl;  .iee»-pted, 
S<'pteinlM-r  71h,  H:r7.  calls  from  the  two  cliiirehi's  of 
Spring  Creek  ami  Oak  finive,  and  was  sinm  al^er 
installed  as  their  ]iastor.      Here  he  lalmrecl  faithfully 


BROWX. 


107 


BROWN. 


and  successfully  until  the  pastoral  relation  w;ls  dis- 
solved, (Jctober  «tli,  1847.  This  was  his  first  and 
only  i)ast<)rate.  From  this  time  to  the  end  of  liis 
life  his  ministerial  lal)ors  were  of  a  missionary  char- 
acter, usually  in  frontier  settlements  and  anion-;  the 
ccdored  population.  He  spent  six  years  in  preaching 
to  the  colored  people  in  the  SUite  of  Mis.si.ssippi. 
For  a  large  portion  of  his  time  he  connected  teach- 
ing with  his  preaching  labors.  During  a  residence 
in  Florida,  at  Clear  Water  Harbor,  he  gradually 
gathered,  and  watched  over  and  supplied  the 
Andrews  Memorial  Church.  He  died,  February  14th, 
1880.  Mr.  Brown,  from  his  childhood,  w;us  godly, 
devout,  spiritually-minded,  self-sacrificing,  ever  anx- 
ious to  benefit  those  around  him.  He  was  clear 
in  his  convictions,  sound  in  the  faith,  a  thorough- 
going Presbj'terian,  candid,  open-hearted,  amiable, 
affectionate,  generous,  industrious,  energetic,  beloved 
by  all  who  knew  him. 

BrO'WTl,  Col.  Joseph  C,  was  a  man  of  rare 
virtues  and  impressive  cliaracter.  He  was  born  in 
Virginia,  in  1784.  Having  removed  to  Jlissouri  in 
1818,  Ijefore  its  incorporation  as  a  State,  he  (juickly 
rose  to  prominence  in  its  atTairs,  as  an  oflicer  of  the 
General  Government.  In  18-J2  lie  made  a  public  con- 
fession of  Christ  and  united  with  the  Fir.st  Presbyterian 
Church  of  St.  Louis.  He  was  elected  ruling  elder  in 
that  church  in  the  year  1830,  in  which  capacity  he 
served  until  184'2,  when  he  became  a  member  of 
Maline  Creek  Church,  near  the  city  of  St.  Louis.  No 
fitter  tribute  to  his  iiienKiry  can  lie  written  than  to 
say  that  his  entire  life,  from  the  day  of  his  espou-sal 
to  Christ,  was  characterized  by  unswerving  devotion 
to  duty,  guided  by  an  intelligent  piety  and  tlie  most 
scrupulous  fidelity  to  every  trust.  Though  his  lot 
was  cast  amid  the  lawlessness  which  belonged  to 
adventurous  frontier  life,  he  was  constant  in  defence 
of  the  right,  and  wielded  a  most  wholesome  influence 
for  the  maintenance  of  law  and  order.  His  face 
was  resolutely  set  against  the  violation  of  law  in 
every  form,  and  the  community  in  which  he.  lived 
>vas  indebted  to  no  man  more  tliaii  to  him  lor  the 
jireservation  of  peace.  The  Christian  character  of 
Col.  Brown  took  the  mold  of  his  natural  disposition. 
He  was  resolute,  courageous,  conscientious  and  dis- 
creet. There  has  been  preserved,  in  evidence  of  his 
decided  piety,  a  private  covenant,  drawn  by  his  own 
hand,  as  an  expression  of  his  sense  of  obligation  and 
his  jiurpose  wholly  to  consecrate  himself  and  all  his 
pos.sc.ssioiis  to  the  glory  of  the  Ivedeemer. 

Bro'wm,  Matthe-w,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  was  descended 
from  respectable  and  pious  ancestors.  His  paternal 
grandfather,  a  native  of  Ireland,  but  of  Scottish  ex- 
traction, came  to  this  country  about  the  year  1720, 
settled  in  Pennsylvania,  and  at  his  death  left  five  sons, 
all  distinguished  as  devout  and  e.xemiilary  Christians. 
His  son  Matthew,  the  father  of  the  subject  of  this 
m/tice,  was  Ixirn  in  17;i-2.  resided  some  years  in  the 
vicinitv   of  CarlisU-,  Pa.:    thence   removed   to   Wliile 


Deer  Valley,  Xorthumberland  county,  of  which  he 
was  one  of  the  early  settlers.  He  was  a  ruling  eliler 
in  the  Reformed  l're,sbyt<Tian  Cliurch,  and  is  reported 
to  have  lieen  a  man  of  decided  talents,  and  to  have 
been  somewhat  famous  for  his  wit.  He  took  an  ac- 
tive part  in  the  early  stages  of  the  Revolutionary 
struggle,  and,  while  thus  engaged,  died  of  a  fever,  in 
1778,  at  the  age  of  forty-six. 

Matthew,  his  youngest  son,  was  born  in  tlic  year 
1776,  two  years  before  his  father's  death.  He  was 
adopted  in  his  infancy  by  his  uncle,  William  Brown, 
who  for  many  years  was  well  known,  and  exerted 
an  extensive  inlluence  on  both  tlie  political  and 
religious  world.  Tliis  uncle  resided  in  Dauphin 
county,  near  Harrislnirg,  and  it  was  at  a  school  in 
that  neighborhood  tliat  young  Matthew  was  fitted  to 
enter  college.  In  due  time  he  became  a  member  of 
Dickinson  College,  Carlisle,  Pa.,  where  he  was  gradu- 
ated in  May,  1704,  during  the  Presidency  of  Dr. 
Nisbet,  for  whom  he  always  entertained  the  highest 
regard.  After  his  graduati<in  he  taught,  lor  some 
time,  a  cla.ssical  school,  in  Northumberland  county, 
where  he  beaime  intimately  aci|uaint<d  with  Dr. 
James  Priestly,  and  other  distinguished  men  of  that 
region.  He  commenced  his  theologic;il  studies 
about  the  year  1796,  and  was  licensed  to  preach  by 
Carlisle  Presbytery,  October  3d,  1799. 

Two  years  after  he  was  licen.sed  he  accepted  a  call 
from  the  united  congregations  of  MitHiii  and  Lost 
Creek,  within  the  bounds  of  Huntingdon  Prcsliytery, 
and,  October  6th,  1^01,  he  transferred  his  relation  to 
that  Presbyter}',  and  in  due  time  was  ordained  and 
installed  as  pastor  of  these  churches.  Here  he 
labored  a  few  years,  but  receiving  an  invit;ition  from 
the  Church  in  Washington,  Pa.,  to  become  their 
pastor,  and  by  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Washington 
Academy  to  become  its  Principal,  he  accepted  these 
invitations,  and  removed  there  in  the  Spring  of  180.5. 
During  the  Spring  of  l-!06  the  Academy  of  which  he 
was  Principal  became  mergi-d  in  Washington  College, 
a  charter  for  that  purpose  having  lieeii  jirocured,  and 
very  much  through  his  inlluence,  from  the  Legi.sla- 
ture  of  Pennsylvania.  Of  the  new  college,  Mr.  Brown 
was  elected  the  first  President,  December  13th,  1806, 
still  retaining  his  pastoral  connection  with  the  congre- 
gation. For  the  discharge  of  his  double  duties  as 
pastor  and  president,  his  time  was  most  diligently 
employed,  and  his  (acuities  tasked  to  the  utmost.  In 
1816.  however,  he  resigned  tlie  Presidency  of  the  Col- 
lege, preferring  to  give  his  whole  time  to  the  pastoral 
charge  of  his  church. 

He  was  oft'ered  the  Presidency  of  Centre  College, 
Danville,  Ky.,  but  declined  it.  He,  however,  in  1822, 
accepted  the  Presidency  of  .letferson  College,  Canons- 
burg,  Pa.,  and  continued  to  hold  the  office  twenty- 
three  yea,rs,  and  during  his  whole  administration  the 
college  was  eminently  ]iiosperous.  For  several  years 
after  his  removal  to  Caiionsliurg,  he  preached  a  jiart 
of  ea<li  Sabbath,  in  conjunction  with  tlie  Rev.  Dr.  .1. 


BBOWS. 


108 


BROWS. 


Mc>rill;>n.  at  f'hartiers.  After  some  time  a  separate 
orpiiiiuitioii  \v;L-i  ifli'i'ted  in  the  town  of  CiinoiLsbiirK, 
in  conncetion  witli  the  eolK'^e,  and  Dr.  Hrown  lieeanie 
their  ri';;iihir  jiastnr.  anil  eontinued  to  s«Tve  them  in 
that  cajKieity  until  lie  re.si<;ne<l  the  Presidency  ol"  the 
college,  when  the  pastoral  relation  ceased. 

In  \'icw  of  the  incipient  decay  of  his  physical  en- 
ergies, from  overtasking  his  coastitution  with  too 
nuuh  latxjr,  Dr.  Brown,  in  the  year  1h4.^,  tendered 
his  resignation,  as  President  of  the  colh-ge,  to  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  uuil,  in  accepting  it,  they  ]KLs.seil 
resolutioiLs  testifying  their  high  appreciation  of  his 
character  and  services,  and  at  the  sjinie  time  conferred 
upon  him  the  degree  of  Dmtor  of  Laws,  the  College 
of  New  Jersey  having,  in  l'<'i;5,  conferred  the  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Divinity  ujion  him.  After  his  release- 
mcnt  from  tlie  college,  ^e  gladly  availed  liim.self  of 
every  ojjportunity  for  preaching  the  gospel.  This 
wiis  the  work  in  which  he  csiR-cially  delighted.  He 
died  at  the  residence  of  his  son-in-law,  IJev.  Dr. 
Kidille,  at  Pitt.sl>urg,  Pa.,  .July  'i'Mh.  \'<V.i.  and  was 
buried  at  Washington,  Pa.,  amid  every  ilcmoustration 
of  consideration  ami  risp<<t. 

Dr.  ]5rawn  ])ublislicd  a  Memoir  of  the  Kev.  Obadiah 
Jennings,  D.D. ;  also  numerous  sermons  and  addre.s.ses. 
]lis  mind  w;»s  of  a  high  order,  and  was  specially 
adapted  to  abstract,  metaphysical  in<iuiries.  He  ]xxs- 
sessed  great  moral  courage,  and  w:ls  distinguished 
for  his  benevolence;  delighting  in  doing  gixxl,  and 
in  making  everyl)ody  happy,  to  the  extent  of  his 
aViility.  He  wxs  one  of  the  most  clfective  preachers 
in  the  part  of  the  country  in  which  he  resided. 
He  was  a  man  of  truly  liljcnil  views  and  feelings, 
and  made  a  deep  and  during  mark  upon  his  genera- 
tion. 

Brown,  Qen.  Robert  S.,  now  an  ehhT  in  the 
First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Bethlehem,  Pa.,  is  of 
i^kwtch-lri.sh  des<'i'nt,  and  was  lH)rn  in  the  old  "Set* 
tlement,"  located  in  the  central  jiart  of  N'orthampton 
county.  Pa.  He  is  tlic  only  son  of  William  lirown, 
E.s(|.,  who  was  a  graduate  of  Dickinson  t'ollege,  and 
a  mi'inbcr  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  I'cnn- 
s,vlvania,  in  IKIT.  He  is  the  gnmd.son  of  Gen.  Rob- 
ert Hrown,  who  commanded  a  compiiny  frrtm  the 
".Settlement "  during  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  who 
iM-came  so  jKipular  that,  at  its  close,  be  was  made 
Major-(ieneral.  commaiKlin:  tlic  militia  of  the  east- 
ern district  ol'  Pennsylvania,  and,  for  twenty  years, 
lu'ld  a  si*at  in  Congress. 

Ceneral  lirown  (the  subject  of  this  sketch)  was 
carefully  nurlnnil  by  Christian  ixirents.  who  set  a 
high  value  u|M>n  riligions  training  at  home,  and 
who  |MTs<mally  instructed  him  fnnn  tin-  Uible  and 
the  Shorter  Catechism.  Having  jiursued  his  studii-s 
at  the  old  academy  in  thi'  "Settlement,"  and  at  IC:Lston 
and  Na»irelb.  he  conipleleil  his  e<lucati<m  in  the 
higher  branches  at  Uitit/..  Pa. 

I'.y  profession  he  is  a  lawyer,  but  .some  years  ago 
retired    from    i>ractice,  ami    is    now  resiiiing  on    his 


handsome  farm  properties,  a)M>ut  two  miles  from 
Helhlehem,  on  the  main  road  to  Easton,  and  in  the 
fertile  limestone  belt  that  stretches  from  the  Dela- 
ware, southward,  to  the  ShenandfKdi. 

In  early  manhiKul  he  entered  the  ranks  of  the 
State  militia,  and  rose  from  one  position  to  another 
until  he  was  made  M^jor  tieneral  of  the  Seventh 
Division. 

From  ^i*&i  to  1871  he  represented  the  counties  of 
N'orthampton  and  Lehigh  in  the  State  .Senate,  where 
his  lionorable  <'ours«>,  his  strict  honesty  and  integrity, 
won  for  him  the  esteem  an<l  confidence  of  meml>ers 
of  both  jKirties. 

He  was  elected  an  elder  in  the  Presliyterian 
Church  of  .South  Bethlehem,  Pa.,  in  1-7:!,  and 
retained  this  positi(m  until  the  organization  of  the 
First  Presbyterian  Church  in  Bethlehem,  November 
14th,  l^"."!,  of  which  movement  he  was  one  of  tlu' 
leaders.  He  was  thi'U  elected  an  elder  of  the  new 
organiziition,  which  jxjsition  he  now  holds.  He  luus 
fre<iucntly  re]>re.scnted  his  church  in  Presbytery  and 
in  l^ynod,  and  was  a  memlH-r  of  the  General  Assem- 
bly wliiili  met  in  St.  Louis  in  1871. 

BrO'Wn.Rev.  Samuel,  was,  on  the  father's  side, 
of  English  e.Ktniction,  on  the  mother's  side,  of  Scotch. 
He  was  lH)rn  in  Bedford  county,  Va.,  NovemlK-r  Hth, 
17(i(i.  At  a  very  ejirly  jK-ricKl  he  di.scoveri-d  a  tlecid- 
edly  intellectual  taste.  Alwut  the  year  l^-ti  he 
taught  a  common  English  school.  In  1788  he  In^'amo 
connected  with  the  Grammar  .school  of  the  Rev. 
.lames  Mit<hell.  in  his  native  county.  In  17!Ht  he 
resided  at  Liberty,  with  his  brother-in-law,  where  he 
prosecnt<(i  his  studies,  more  or  le.s.s,  for  two  years. 
Alter  this  he  was  a  ptipil  at  the  New  London  Arad- 
emy,  and  finally  complcteil  his  studies  at  Washing- 
ton College,  lA'.\ington,  known  at  that  time  by  the 
name  of  Libert.v  Hall.     -He  was  licensed  to  j>n-ach 

I  by  the  West  Hanover  Presbytery,  April  .5th,  l_7!t:i, 
and  after  luing  employed,  uniler  the  direction  of  a 
Comnii.ssiiin  of  Synml,  as  a  missionary  in  IC;i.slem 
Virginia,  until  April,  17!l(),  he  rweived  a  call  to  the 
Church  at  New  Providence.     This  call  was  put  into 

I  his   hands  on  the  5th  of  June,  shortly  after  which 

I  his  installation  took  plitce.  Here  he  remaim-d,  a 
faithful   and  z<'alons  minister,  during  the  residue  of 

'  his  life.  He  died  in  t).t<.l»r,  Isls,  Though  Mr. 
Brown  never  etyoyeil  tlie  highest  advantages  of  I'arly 
and  thorough  mental  tniiuing,  yi  t  he  rose  to  an 
emineni'e  as  a  preaiher.  little  if  at  all  inferior  to  the 
Iwst  educated  ministers  of  Virginia.  In  his  family 
he  was  an  I'xample  of  intelligent  and  consistent 
piety.  All  his  brethroa  ackuowledgi-d  his  pre- 
eminent native. talents,  and  loved  him  for  his  ex- 
alted character  as  a  Christian  and  a  minister.  When 
it  was  proposed  in  .Sjniod  that  Dr.  Sjiet-i-e  .should  he 
ap|Miinleil  to  priiK'b  his  funcr:il  K<'rmon.  he  ros<>,  and 
in  his  brief  and  di-cisive  manner  .slid,  "  1  am  not 
worthy  to  prejjch  the  funend  sermon  i>(  such  a  man 
as  Siunuel   Brown." 


BROll'.Y. 


109 


Ill-nu:\. 


Bro'WTi,  Samuel  T.,  was  born  March  aist,  1827, 
of  Scotcb-Irish  parentage.  By  the  death  ofhis  lather  he 
was,  early  in  lU'e,  thrown  upon  his  own  resources,  and 
this  circumstance  develoix'd  in  him  sterling  and  sell- 
ri-liant characteristics  which  streiif^luned  as  he  grew 
to  manhood.  Ha^^ng  removed  to  Huntingdon,  Pa., 
about  1849,  be  was  admitted  to  the  l>ar  at  that  place, 
in  .Vpril,  ls.V>.  In  18.')4  be  was  as.si)ciate(l  with  the 
lion.  John  .'^cott  in  the  practice  of" his  profession.  In 
ls.")7  be  was  elected  an  elder  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church,  Huntingdon,  and  has  ever  since  held  that 
position,  discharging  its  duties  with  fidelity,  and 
representing  his  Church  frequently  in  Presbyterj-, 
Synod,  and  General  Assembly.  In  1869  he  served  as 
a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania  Legislature.  Mr. 
Browni  is  distinguished,  as  a  lawyer,  for  his  wide  and 
accurate  knowledge  t)f  the  law,  a  good  advocate,  and 
a  safe  counsellor.  He  is  a  man  of  stern,  unwavering 
principles,  but,  at  the  Siime  time,  generous,  consider- 
ate, and  at  all  times  commanding  the  entire  respect, 
confidence,  and  good-will  ofhis  fellow-men.  He  is  a 
successful  lawyer,  a  good,  substantial  citizen,  and 
above  all,  an  earne.'^t  and  sincere  Christian. 

Bro-wm,  Rev.  "William,  D.  D.,  is  a  .son  of  Eev. 
Samuel  Brown,  of  New  Providence  Church,  Kockbridge 
county,  Va.,  and  Jlary  Jloore,  whose  eventful  history 
is  widely  known  through  the  little  volume  of  the 
I'resliyterian  Board  of  Publication,  "The  Captives 
of  Abb's  Valley."  He  is  the  youngest  of  four  sons 
who  became  ministers  in  the  Presbyterian  Church, 
of  whom  three  have  "entered  interest." 

He  was  born  September  11th,  lisil;  was  nccived 
into  full  communion  in  the  church  of  which  his  father 
was  p;istor,  when  ten  years  of  age;  was  giaduated  at 
Washington  College  (now  Washington  and  Lee  Uni- 
versity), Lexington,  Va.,  in  1830;  entered  Princeton 
Theological  Seminary  in  18:J2,  and  after  .si>ending 
three  years  there,  was  licensed  to  preach  the  gospel, 
in  September,  1835,  by  the  Presbytery  of  Le.\ington, 
Va.  He  then  spent  several  months  at  Union  Semi- 
nary, Prince  Edward  county,  Va.,  when,  having  re- 
ceived a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  Augusta  Church,  one 
of  the  oldest  churches  in  the  Valhy  of  Virginia,  be 
was  ordained  and  installed  pa.stor  of  the  same  in  Oc- 
t(ib<'r,  l>':Wi.  In  this,  bis  first  and  only  pastoral  cluirge, 
lie  remained  for  twenty-ibur  years,  preaching  the  gos- 
pil  with  gieat  acceptance,  the  Lord  blessing  his  labors 
to  the  edification  of  the  Church. 

At  the  call  ofhis  brethren  of  the  Synod  of  Virginia, 
and  ivith  the  advice  of  his  Presbytery,  in  November, 
l^*(iO,  he  removed  to  Richmond,  Va.,  and  took  charge 
of  The  Central  Presbi/teritiii.  For  a  i)eriod  of  nineteen 
years,  covering  a  sea.son  of  great  agitation  and  trouble, 
both  in  Church  and  State,  Dr.  Brown  edited  that 
pai)er  with  great  ability,  and  in  such  a  way  as  to 
retain  to  the  last  the  full  confidence  of  his  brethren. 
In  1 S79,  on  account  of  a  serious  failure  of  vision,  he 
rejimiuisbed  his  editorial  labors,  and  for  some  time 
resided  in  Fredericksburg.  Va..  doing  missionary  work  ! 


as  he  had  opportunity,  but  without  any  regular 
ministerial  eng-agement.  He  is  at  present  in  Florida. 
In  his  conduct  of  his  paper,  in  the  meetings  of  his 
Synod,  from  which  he  was  never  absent  during  a 
ministry  of  nearly  half  a  centurj-,  and  of  the  General 
Assembly,  of  which  he  was  several  times  a  member. 
Dr.  Brown  was  always  listened  to  with  marked  atten- 
tion, and  pursued  such  a  course  as  to  secure  and 
retjiin  the  confidence  of  bis  brethren.  This  confi- 
dence the  SjTiod  manife.st<'d  by  continuing  him  a 
Director  of  Union  Theological  Seminary  for  thirty 
years,  and  the  General  Assembly  by  continuing  him 
their  Permanent  Clerk  since  186.5.  A  man  of  remark- 
able singleness  of  purpose,  a  clear  bead  and  sound 
judgment,  Dr.  Brown's  influence  in  shaping  the 
course  of  the  Southern  Presbyterian  Church  has  been 
widely  felt,  and  will  continue  to  be  felt  for  many 


WILLIAM    BROW.V,  D.  H. 


years  to  come.  In  1883  Dr.  Browni  was  one  of  the 
delegates  from  the  Southern  Assembly  to  the  General 
Assembly  which  met  at  Saratoga,  N.  Y. 

Brown,  Rev.  "William,  Biays,  was  born  in 
the  city  of  Philadelphia,  of  Presbyterian  and  Scotch- 
Irish  ancestry,  November  17th,  1818.  He  gra<luated 
at  Jetferson  College,  Pa.,  in  1847,  and  studied  the- 
ologj-  at  Union  Seminary,  Va.  He  first  settled  as 
pastor  at  Hillsboro,  N.  C,  in  18r)().  In  18.51-.5  he 
was  I'rincipal  of  Augusta  Female  Seminary.  He  Wixs 
Professor  of  Latin  and  Belles  Lettres  in  Transylvania 
University,  Lexington,  Ky.,  for  one  year.  He  tiiugbt 
school  in  Kentucky,  and  while  thus  engaged  supplied 
v;irious  churches  until  the  close  of  H63.  He  was 
pastor  of  the  Second  Church  of  Wabash,  Ind.,  until 


BBonw. 


110 


BRVso.y. 


1869,  and  snpplicd  the  Church  at  Btl  Air,  Md..  for 
two  y«irs.  In  St'pti-mbtT,  1871,  he  was  ap|M>iiitc(l  by 
Westminster  Pri-slntery  to  supply  the  churches  of 
Donegal  and  Mount  Joy.  Sir.  Brown  Ls  an  able 
preacher,  a  pood  jja-stor,  and  faithful  to  his  high  call- 
ing as  a  niini.ster  of  the  gospel. 

Brovm,  Williain  Young,  D.D.,  i.s  a  native  of 
Ohio,  the  lifth  son  of  the  late  William  and  Mary  M. 
Brown,  of  .\ilior.  Columbiana  e^mnty.  He  was  lK»m 
July  2-2d,  1--27;  graduated  at  Jefferson  College  in 
l^."",  at  Princeton  Tlieological  .'seminary  in  l-"."):).  and 
was  ordained  by  the  I*resbj-tery  of  New  I.islion,  June 
l.ith,  li?o3.  He  was  pastor  at  Xew  Lislwn,  O., 
ia>}-fi:  stated  supply  of  Seventh  Street  Church, 
Washington,  D.C..  1863-4;  pastor «Iect,  Buffalo,  Pa., 
186.V-G:  pastor  at  Perrysville,  l«66-7(t:  pastor  elect 
of  the  First  Church.  Denver.  Col.,  1-7(1.  and  p;istor, 
187"2-3.  He  has  In-en  eminently  .successful  as  a  min- 
ister of  the  gosiH'l  and  an  educator  of  youth.  He  is  an 
able  ecclesiastical  lawyer,  a  goo<l  preacher  and  pastor, 
and  is  very  active  in  promoting  the  cause  of  Temper- 
ance. During  the  last  nine  years  he  has  been  the 
efficient  pa-stor  of  the  First  Presbj-terian  Church  of 
the  borough  of  I>arby,  Pa. 

Bro'WTison,  James  I.,  D.  D.,  was  Iwm  at 
Mercersburg.  Pa..  March  14th,  1"*17.      He  graduated 


JAMn  I.  BROVXSOV,  D.  P. 

at  Washington  College,  Pennsylvania,  in  1'<JG,  and 
after  a  year  spent  in  the  Bucks  County  .Vcadeniy,  at 
Newtown.  I'a.,  as  a  teailier  of  the  .\ncient  I^inguages 
and  Mathematics,  he  entere<l  the  Wewtem  Thi-ological 
Seminarj'.  .\lter  his  lic-ensur»-  to  prea<'h,  in  1"4U,  by 
the   I'ri-sbjtcry  of  Carlisle,   he   was   iiLstalled  as   tlii' 


pastor  of  the  united  congregations  of  Grecnsbnrg  and 
Moiut  Pleas:mt.  Pa.,  in  the  IVesbytery  of  Red-stone. 
In  this  field  he  lalM)rcd,  with  gr«»t  aeeeptableness 
and  success,  for  eight  years.  On  the  first  >Ionday  of 
December.  1848,  a  csill  was  made  out  by  the  I'resbyte- 
rian  Churth  of  Washington,  I'a.,  for  Dr.  Brownson's 
services  as  its  pastor,  and  in  that  imp<jrtimt  cluirgi-  he 
has  e^•er  since  continued,  much  Ixluved  by  his  p<s)ple, 
and  greatly  pmsjK-red  in  his  ministry.  From  those 
adde<l  to  the  church  during  his  pastorate,  forty-fotu: 
have  entered  the  ministrj". 

Dr.  Brownson  acted  as  President  of  Washington 
College,  pro  tern.,  for  the  greater  part  of  two  years, 
and,  after  the  consolidation  of  the  two  colleges  of 
Washington  and  Jefferson,  he  again  served  in  the 
same  cap.acity  one  year,  in  both  i-;tses  satLstiictorily 
discharging  the  duties  of  the  position.  In  1-C>9  he 
was  Moderator  of  the  ."svnoil  of  Whitling,  and  in  l-Tl 
of  the  reconstructed  Synod  of  Pittsburg.  In  1-71  he 
represented  Penn.sylvania  in  the  Board  of  Visitors  for 
the  examination  of  the  cadets  at  the  United  States 
Naval  School  at  Annapolis,  Md.  In  .September,  1880, 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Second  General  Council  of  the 
Presbvterian  Alliance,  at  Philadelphia.  Dr.  Brown-son 
is  of  a  genial  disposition,  and  happily  unites  suavity 
and  dignity  of  manner.  His  scholarly  attainments 
are  of  a  high  order.  As  the  published  productions 
of  his  pen  show,  he  is  a  clear,  logical  and  cogent 
writer.  He  is  an  instructive,  forcible  and  inij)n-ssive 
preacher,  a  faithlul  jxistor,  and  in  the  Church  courts 
wields  a  .strong  intlncnce. 

"  Bruen,  Rev.  Edward  Bald'win,  was  bom  at 
Newark.  N.  J.,  July  17th.  1--2:!;  gr.idimttHl  at  the 
University  of  PeniLsylvania  in  l-^l'i,  and  stndie<l 
theologj-  in  Union  ."seminar^-.  New  York  city,  and  at 
Princeton  ."seminary.  He  wasordainetl  by  the  Fourth 
Presbj-tery  of  Philadelphia.  June  i'lth,  184'*.  He 
was  stated  supply  of  the  First  Chun-h.  Southwark, 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  lf<46.  and  jiastor  1-<4h-.V<;  evange- 
list in  Philadelphia,  Ki'.MM;  stated  supply  of  Mantua 
Church,  Philadelphia,  l^i4-8:  evangelist  in  Philadel- 
phia, ls<!!>-73:  stat«l  supply  of  I»g;in  S<nuire  Chun-h, 
1-71,  and  stated  supply  of  South  .Str<-et  Cliurch, 
Philadcl))hia.  1-71.  of  which  he  has  Iki-u  pastor  since 
187(5.  Within  a  year  the  congri'g-ation.  now  callwl 
the  Church  of  the  .\toncment.  has  erw'tcHl  a  handsimic 
edifice,  at  the  corner  of  Wharton  and  Tieman  stn-ets. 
Mr.  Bruen  is  an  in.structive  preacher,  a  diligent  pas- 
tor, and  n-ady  for  every  good  work. 

Bryson,  Rev.  John,  was  one  of  the  live  members 
that  i-i)nstitiit<d  the  Presbytery  of  Northuml)erland 
at  its  org:miz;ition.  in  Octolx-r.  1811.  He  was  l)orn 
in  CumlM-rlantl  cimnty.  Pa.,  in  January,  17.X.  He 
was  a  menilHT  of  llu'  first  class  formed  in  Dickin.son 
CoUcgi-,  and  gr.iduatisl  at  that  Institution  ."v-ptcnilKT 
26th,  1787.  He  »e<-nis  to  Imve  stmlied  thcs>logy 
under  Dr.  Ni.sbet,  and  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the 
I'n-abytery  of  Carlisle  in  178!).  Aft«T  laboring  for  a 
few  months  in   Martinsburg.  Va..  and  in  the  n-gion 


BRVSON. 


Ill 


BCCHAXAX. 


Toand  about  there,  he  was  ordained  and  installed 
pastor  of  the  churches  of  Warrior  Run  and  Chil- 
lisquaque,  June,  1791,  occasionally  preaching  at 
Danville,  and  subsequently  at  Milton.  Under  his 
.  long  and  faithful  ministry  of  the  AVord,  his  charge 
w;us  favored  repeatedly  with  times  of  refreshing  from 
the  presence  of  the  Lord,  and  grew  and  ])rospered. 
He  was  eminently  a  man  of  prayer,  scrv  ing  the  Lord 
with  all  humility  of  mind.  He  was  a  mighty 
textuary.  His  sermons  were  replete  with  apposite 
<|Uotations  from  the  Sacred  Scriptures,  and  he  was 
habitually  ready  to  quote  largely  and  accurately 
from  the  Divine  Word.  He  was  an  admirable  pastor, 
adorned  his  domestic  relations,  and  gave  with  ex- 
emplary liberality  to  the  needy.  Mr.  Brj'son,  on 
August  3d,  18.J.5,  without  a  struggle  or  a  groan, 
p;issed  to  his  heavenly  reward. 

Bryson,  J.  H.,  D.  D.,  is  the  eldest  son  of  Ber. 
Henry  Bryson,  l>. n..  and  was  born  at  Fayette^illc, 
Tenn.,  April  3d,  1S31.  He  took  his  literary  and 
theological  course  at  Erskine  College,  South  Carolina. 
Afterwards  he  spent  a  year  at  the  Theological  Semi- 
narj'  at  Xewburg,  N.  Y.  He  was  ordained  to  the 
gospel  ministry  in  1855.  He  changed  his  ecclesiasti- 
cal connection  from  the  Associate  Reformed  Presby- 
terian Church,  to  the  Presbyterian  Church.  South,  in 
1866.  From  1868  to  1872  he  was  pastor  of  the  Pres- 
byterian Church,  Shelbyville,  Tenn.  He  then  spent 
a  year  at  the  University  of  Virginia,  reviewing  his 
studies  in  moral  philosophy  and  natural  science.  In 
September,  1873,  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church,  Columbia,  S.  C.  In  1876  he 
resigned.  In  1881  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church.  Huntsville,  Alabama. 

Dr.  Bryson  has  filled  .some  of  the  most  important 
pulpits  in  the  Southern  Presbyterian  Church,  and,  by 
his  indomitable  cnergj'  and  ceaseless  labors,  has  built 
up  and  strengthened  every  church  with  which  he  has 
been  connected.  He  has  few  equals  as  a  pulpit 
orator.  Though  wonderfully  gilted  as  an  extempo- 
raneous speaker,  he  elalwrates  his  sermons  with  the 
utmost  care.  He  is  a  ripe  scholar,  and  a  profound 
theologian.  In  ecclesiastical  law  he  is  well  versed. 
In  Church  courts  his  opinions  always  command  the 
highest  respect.  As  a  pastor,  he  is  attentive  and 
.sympathetic.  Dr.  Bryson  was  a  member  of  the 
General  Council  of  the  Presbyterian  .Vlliance  in 
Edinburgh.  After  the  adjournment  of  that  body  he 
traveled  through  Europe  and  the  countries  of  the 
East.  Since  his  return  he  has  delivered  a  series  of 
lectures  on  Palestine,  which  intelligent  audiences 
have  everywhere  heard  with  rapt  attention.  Now, 
in  the  full  vigor  of  manhood,  he  ministers  as  pastor 
to  the  Church  in  Huntsville,  beloved  by  his  own 
people,  and  ailmlred  by  all  the  inhabitants  of  that 
highly  oulturid  city. 

Buchanan,  Hon.  James,  who  was  of  Presbyte- 
rjan  parentage,  was  Iwm  April  23d,  1791,  about  four 
miles  west  of  Mercersburg,  Pa.     He  graduated  with 


distinction  at  Dickinson  College,  Carlisle,  in  1809; 
studied  law  in  Lanca-ster;  was  admitted  in  1812  to 
the  Bar  in  that  city,  and  soon  establushed  a  high 
reputation  as  a  jurist,  and  acquired  a  large  practice. 
In  1814  and  1815  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature,  where  he  took  high  position,  and 
wielded,  though  so  young  a  man,  not  a  little  influ- 
ence. In  1814  he  went,  as  a  private  in  a  company  of 
volunteers,  to  Baltimore,  to  aid  in  defending  it 
against  an  anticipated  attack  from  the  British.  In 
1820  he  was  elected  by  his  Congressional  district  to 
the  National  Hou.m-  of  Representatives,  and  re-elected 
in  1822,  1824,  1826  and  1828,  when  he  declined  fur- 
ther re-election.  He  was  from  almost  his  first 
entrance  into  the  House,  one  of  its  most  prominent 
and  leading  members. 


HON.    JAMES  BCCUANAN. 

In  the  same  year  (1831)  in  which  Mr.  Buchanan 
ceased  to  be  a  member  of  the  House  he  was  sent  by 
President  Jackson,  as  Jlinister  Plenijxjtentiary,  to 
the  Court  of  St.  Petersburg,  where  he  negotiated  the 
first  commercial  treatj'  which  our  tiovemment  ever 
had  with  that  of  Russia.  After  his  return  from  Rus- 
sia (1833)  he  was  a  member  of  the  United  States 
Senate  for  ten  years,  where  he  took  a  similarly  .high 
rank  to  that  which  he  had  occupied  in  the  House. 
In  1845  he  accepted  the  position  of  Secretary  of  State, 
in  President  Polk"s  Cabinet,  holding  the  position 
until  the  expiration  of  Mr.  Polk"s  I'residential  term, 
1849.  In  1853  he  accepted  from  President  Pierce 
the  Mission  to  the  Court  of  St.  James,  the  duties  of 
which  he  discharged  in  such  a  manner  as  to  reflect 
honor  on  his  countrv.     Returning  from   England,  in 


BiCUAXA.y. 


n-2 


liCKLL. 


1956,  he -was  elected,  in  that  year,  to  what  is,  perhaps, 

n;illy  the  hi;:li<st  jMilitical  jxjsitioii  iin  earth,  the 
Prcsidi-iuy  of  the  United  States. 

At  the  expiration  of  hi.s  Presidential  term,  in  March, 
1861,  Jlr.  Buchanan  returned  to  his  home  at  Wheat- 
land, nejir  I^inciistor,  where  he  spent  the  remainder 
of  his  days,  enjoyinfj  the  society  of  his  neighlmrs  and 
friends,  and  employing  himself  with  his  lHM)ks  and 
pen.  One  of  the  txioks  most  fre<iuently  inrused  by 
him  was  the  Hible,  hi  the  teachings  of  which  he  was 
alirm  heliever,  and  on  the  promises  of  which  he  cheer- 
fully relied.  He  hail  always  been  a  believer  in  the 
Holy  Scriptures,  and  in  the  truth  of  the  Christian 
religion,  and  Ix'sides  being  always  strictly  moral  in 
his  conduct,  had  been,  in  many  rcsj)ects,  a  devout  and 
religiou.s,  as  well  as  a  kind  and  eharitiible  man.  But 
he  never  made  a  ]irofc-s.sion  of  l>eing  a  discij)le  of 
Christ  until  within  the  last  few  yearsof  his  life,  when 
hejiecame  a  communicant  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 
He  died,  calmly  and  peacefully,  on  Monday,  June  1st, 
IrtjH,  and  on  the  Thursday  following  his  remains 
were  followed  to  the  grave  by  large  numlK-rs  of  his 
fellow-citizens,  whose  deference,  respect  and  attach- 
ment he  had  won. 

On  oiicning  Mr.  Buchanan's  will,  it  was  found 
that  he  had  renumbered  the  poor  of  Lanc;ust<'r,  as 
well  as  the  church  of  which  hi'  wjus  a  member,  and 
had  arranged  that  a  handsome  addition  should  be 
made  to  the  fund  which  he  had  appropriated  for 
their  benelit  years  before.  It  may  be  added  that  in 
person  Mr.  Buchanan  was  large,  in  manners  courteous 
and  ]H>1i8hed,  and  that  his  stores  of  knowledge  and 
powera  of  conversation  were  such  that  no  one  could 
be  long  in  his  company  without  being  deeply 
interested  and  without  receiving  valuable  informa- 
tion. 

Buchanan,  Rev.  James,  was  a  native  of  Ches- 
ter county.  Pa.  He  graduated  at  Dickinson  College, 
in  1H(II{;  studied  tlieologj-  with  Kev.  Nathan  Grier, 
of  Brandywine  Manor,  and  was  licensed  by  the  Pres- 
bytery of  Xew  Castle,  when  he  Wits  about  twenty- 
three  years  of  age.  His  lirst  settlement  was  in  the 
Presbyterian  Church  of  Harrisburg,  Pa.,  where  he 
labored  .some  years  with  faithfulness  and  success.  In 
]Hl()  he  became  pxstor  of  the  Church  in  Greenc;i.stle, 
Pa.,  and  l.'ibored  with  great  fulelity  and  acei'ptanee 
in  this  Held  for  about  twenty  years,  when,  on  account 
of  declining  health,  he  resigned  the  charge,  to  the 
very  great  regrc-t  of  his  congregation,  who  were  de- 
votedly attaeheil  to  him.  He  removed  to  Logansport, 
Ind.,  where,  in  charge  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in 
that  place,  he  labored  with  encouraging  success, 
until  the  Head  of  the  Church  dismissed  him  to  the 
]ii>.ssession  of  his  reward.  His  ilealli  took  ]>laee,  SeJ)- 
tember  Kith,  Hilt. 

The  piety  of  Mr.  Buchanan  was  of  a  retiring  anil 
liiiosteiitatioUM  character.  It  w:um,  however,  eminently 
]ir,ictieal,  prompting  him  to  the  diligent  discharge  of 
itll  incumbent  diilies.      Hewasa  man  of  a  warm  heart 


and  of  a  kind  and  generous  disposition.  As  a  preacher, 
be  held  a  very  resjK-ctable  rank.  His  wrnions,  in 
their  structure,  were  neat,  sy.stematic  and  short;  in 
their  matter,  solid,  evangelical  and  i)r.ictical,  and  in 
their  manner,  grave,  solemn  and  earnest.  Scarcely 
ever  did  he  fail  to  interest  and  please  those  who 
were  capable  of  judging  correi-tly  and  had  a  taste 
lor  goixl  preaching.  In  the  judicatories  of  the  Church 
he  rarely  spoke,  on  account  of  his  nervous  debility. 
He  wa.s,  however,  a  judicious  counstdlor,  and  did  his 
part  in  this  way,  in  the  di.s|iosal  of  the  business  of 
the  Church. 

Buell,  Samuel,  D.  D.,  was  bom  at  Coventry, 
Conn.,  September  1st,  171(>;  entered  Yale  College  in 
1737,  and  graduated  in  1741.  He  purposed  to  spend 
the  u.sual  time  in  studying  divinity,  but,  by  the 
advice  of  ICihvards  and  others,  the  waloiLS  friends 
of  the  IJevival,  he  was  liceiiM'd,  in  the  Fall  of  1711, 
and  went  forth  its  "a  strolling  preacher."  His  min- 
istrations were  not  lifeless;  he  notes  at  one  time,  in 
his  diary,  that  then,  for  the  lirst  time,  when  he 
prc;iched  no  tears  were  shed. 

After  having  si)ent  a  year  in  visiting  diflerent 
parts  of  New  England,  he  was  ordained  in  1743,  by 
an  ecclesiivstical  council,  as  an  evangelist.  Carrying 
with  him  testimonials  from  respectable  ministers,  he 
was  admitted  into  many  pul|)its  from  which  other 
itinerant.s  were  excluded.  He  w;us  led  to  Kast 
Hampton,  on  Long  Island,  by  a  direction  of  Provi- 
dence in  some  respects  extraordinary,  and  wjis  in- 
stalled pastor  of  the  church  in  that  place,  Scptem- 
l>er  19th,  1746.  For  a  number  of  the  fir>st  years  of 
his  ministry  he  seemed  to  labor  without  effect. 
His  people  paid  but  little  attention  to  the  concerns 
of  religion.  But  in  17(>l,  he  witness<'d  an  a.stoni.sh- 
ing  change.  Almost  every  individual  in  the  town 
was  deeply  impressed,  and  the  interests  of  eternity 
received  that  attention  which  their  tninst'eiuleiit  im- 
portance demands.  He  had  the  hajipiness  at  one 
time  of  admitting  into  his  church  ninety-nine  per- 
sons who,  he.  believed,  had  become  the  subjects  of 

1  saving  grace.  In  the  years  17A5  and  17U1,  al.so, 
he  was  favored  with  great  sucee.ss.  After  a  life  of 
eminent  usefulness,  he  died,  July  lltth.  17!>f*,  ag»sl 
eighty-one. 

Dr.  Buell  w;ls  a  most  exemplary  Christian.  He 
Wius  att;ichcd  to  literature  and  science,  and  was  the 
father  and  patnm  of  Clint«>n  Awideniy,  in  Eiu*t 
Hampton.  His  hou.se  was  the  mansion  of  hospitality. 
Possessing  a  large  fund  of  instructive  and  entertiiin- 
ing  anecdote,  his  comiKiny  was  plejtsing  to  persons  of 
every  age.  In  no  rcsiH'ct  w;is  he  more  distinguishi-d 
than  for  a  spirit  of  devotion.  In  his  last  hours  his 
mind  was  in   ]Mrl'ect  jieace.      He    hail    no  desire    to 

'  remain  any  longer  aKsiiit  from  his  .Sjiviour.  The 
world  into  wliieh  he  was  just  entering  absorbed  all 
his  thought.s.  While  his  friends  were  endeavoring  to 
prolong  the  dying  (lame  he  would  put  them  aside 
with  one  hand,  while  the  other  w:is  niised  towards 


BVIST. 


113 


BULKLEV. 


heaven,  where  his  eyes  and  soul  were  fixed.     In  this 
happy  state  of  mind  he  expired. 

Dr.  Buell  published  a  narrative  of  the  revival  of 
religion  among  his  people,  in  1764,  and  fourteen 
ocea-sioual  discourses,  which  evince  the  vigor  of  his 
mind  and  the  ardor  of  his  piit  y. 

Buist,  Rev.  Ed'ward  Henry,  was  horn  in  the 
city  of  Charleston,  .Soutli  Cuiiilina,  Octohcr  l~th, 
1838.  He  wiis  hopefully  converted  during  the  great 
revival  of  1858,  and  after  graduating  with  distinction 
at  the  South  Carolina  College,  be^iring  off  the  first 
honor  of  his  class,  he  entered  the  Theologiwil  Semi- 
nary at  Columhia,  S.  C,  and  completed  the  pre- 
scribed course  of  study  in  the  year  1861.  He  was 
licensed  and  ordained  by  the  Prcsbj'tery  of  South 
Carolina,  and  served  the  C'hurcli  at  Newlierry  until 
his  removal  to  Society  Hill,  Darlington  county,  where 
he  taught  school  and  preached  to  the  Centre  Point 
and  Great  Peedee  churches.  In  the  year  1869  he  was 
installed  pastor  of  the  Cheraw  Church,  where  he 
continued  to  labor,  with  many  tokens  of  the  Master's 
favor,  tmtil  death  closed  his  brilliant  and  useful 
career.  During  his  pastorate  of  thirteen  years  at 
Cheraw,  one  hundred  and  four  :iames  were  added  to 
the  roll  of  the  church. 

Jlr.  Buist  was  richly  endowctl  with  intellectual 
faculties  of  a  very  high  order.  He  was  possessed  of  a 
brilliant  intellect,  a  wonderfully  refentive  memory, 
and  a  warm,  generous  nature.  By  close  application 
to  study  he  had  acquired  a  vast  fimd  of  useful  and 
varied  information,  which  was  laid  at  the  Master's 
feet,  and  consecrated  to  the  great  work  of  advancing 
the  Redeemer's  kingdom  among  his  fellow-men. 
Socially,  ho  was  very  attractive.  In  maimer,  free  and 
engaging,  he  was  the  life  of  every  circle  in  which  he 
moved;  large-hearted  and  public-spirited,  he  was 
deeply  interested  in  all  that  concerned  the  physical, 
moral,  and  spiritual  welfare  of  his  race.  As  a  theolo- 
gian, he  was  indoctrinated  by  the  liWng  principles 
enunciated  bj'  the  great  Thornwell,  at  whose  feet  he 
sat,  like  Paul  at  the  feet  of  Gamaliel,  an  enthusiastic 
juipil  of  an  enthusiastic  teacher.  He  was  a  thorough 
scliolar,  profound  thinker,  an  cloiiuent  and  logical 
orator,  a  powerful  preacher,  and  faithful  pastor.  He 
died  at  Cheraw,  S.  C,  September  11th,  188-2.  His 
body  was  entombed  by  loving  hands,  in  the  presence 
of  an  immense  concourse  of  people,  who  testified  to 
the  universal  esteem  in  which  he  was  held. 

Buist,  Greorge,  D.  D.,  a  son  of  Arthur  and 
Catharine  Buist,  was  born  in  Fifeshire,  Scotland,  in 
ITTO.  He  entered  the  College  of  Edinburgh  in  1787,  ' 
and  gainid  a  high  reputation,  both  o-s  a  scholar  and  a 
man  of  original  genius.  In  1792  he  was  atlmitted  an 
honorary  memlier  of  the  Edinburgh  Philological 
Society,  and  about  the  same  time  published  an 
abridgement  of  Hume's  History  of  England,  which 
pa-ssed  to  a  second  edition.  He  contributed  also 
some  important  articles  to  the  Encyclopa'dia  Brit- 
annica.  He  was  called,  in  179:i,  to  the  piLstorate  of 
8 


the  Presbyterian  Church  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  In 
1794,  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred 
uxwn  him  by  the  University  of  Edinburgh.  In  1805 
he  was  appointed  Principal  of  the  Charleston  College, 
accepted  the  apjMiintmcnt,  and  contiiuu'd  to  hold  the 
j  office  as  long  as  he  lived,  though  he  still  retained  his 
pastoral  charge.  He  died  .Vugust  lilst,  1808.  "With 
his  very  decided  literary  tastes  and  great  diligence  in 
study,  Dr.  Buist  was  a  proficient  in  various  depart- 
ments of  learning.  He  was  eminently  qualified  to  be 
at  the  head  of  a  literary  institution.  His  style  of 
preaching  was  very  impressive.  The  graces  of  his 
delivery  won  the  attention  and  conciliated  the  favor 
of  his  hearers.  He  was  much  respected  and  beloved 
by  his  congregation,  and  had  great  influence  with 
them.  For  a  number  of  years  before  his  de;ith  there 
were  always  more  applicants  for  pews  in  his  church 
than  could  be  accommodated. 


EDWIN    A.    BILKI.FT,   D.   D. 

Bulkley,  Edwin  A.,  D.  D.,  was  born  in 
Charleston,  S.  C.,  .January  25th,  1826,  of  old 
Puritan  stock,  being  a  lineal  descendant  of  Peter 
Bulkley,  the  founder  and  first  minister  of  Concord, 
Ma.ss.  Early  remo\-ing  from  the  jihice  of  his  birth, 
his  residence  during  youth  and  preparatory  education 
was  in  New  York  city.  He  was  grailuated  from 
Yale  College  in  1844,  and  from  Union  Tlieological 
Semin:xry,  Xew  Y'ork  city,  in  1847.  After  a  short 
term  of  ser\-ice  at  Geneva,  N.  Y.  (1847-1850),  he 
became  pastor  of  the  Congregational  Church  in 
Groton,  JIass.,  and  continued  in  charge  of  it  till 
1864.  Then  removing  to  Platt.sburg,  X.  Y.,  he  held 
the  pastorate  of  the   First  Presbyterian  Cburch  till 


BVLLES. 


114 


BVRXET. 


Ift?!^,  when  he  resignetl  it  and  accopteil  a  rail  to  the   gathering  up  the  Presbyterian  element  wherever  it 
Church  of  Kutlierrord   Park,   X.  J.,  with  which  he   could  l)e  found,  and  wxs  successful  in  organizing  sev- 


has  since  remained. 


eral   other  churches  iK'fore  he  die<l.     lie  not  only 


He  has  won  reputation  outside  of  the  ordinary  folded  tlu-se  sheep  in  the  wilderness,  but,  like  a  true 
round  of  jKistoral  s<Tvice.  which  hxs  been  almost  bishop,  watched  over  them  and  adniinistereil  to  thcni 
nnbrokcn.  by  numerous  sermons,  which,  from  their  the  Word  and  ordinances.  He  iK-t'ame  known  and  ri- 
approvcd  style  and  concurrence  with  great  jjublic  spc'cted  throu-;!!  a  wide  extent  of  country,  through 
events,  liave  iR'cn  sought  for  public;ition.  his  freiiuent  missionary  journeys,  and  theapix'Uation, 

He  is  al.so  a  frequent  contributor  to  the  religions  i  "Father  Bullen,"  which  came  to  l)e generally  applietl 
pre.«s;  and  in  recognition  of  his  administrative  abilitj',  '  to  him,  was  expressive,  not  so  much  of  resiKtt  for  his 
has  often  held  imjxirtant  othccs  in  the  gift  of  Presby-  '  j'ears,  as  of  the  filial  reverence  with  which  he  was 
terics.  Synods,  and  the  General  As.sembly.  He  is  at  univers;dly  R;r.irdid.  He  died,  March  2<;th,  l.--i."i. 
pres»'nt  the  St;ited  Clerk  of  .lerscy  City  Presbytery.  Burchard,  "WTliting  Cyrus,  .son  of  Cyrus  liurc-h- 
I)r.  I'.ulklcy  is  a  vigorous  wTiter,  an  able  preacher,  ard,  w:ls  born  in  Cambridge,  Crawford  county.  Pa., 
faithlul  in  the  discharge  of  p;i.storal  duty,  an  useful  January  21st,  '['*'.Vt.  Graduated  at  Allcgln-ny  Col- 
Probytcr.  and  liiglily  esteemed  by  his  brethren.  lege,  Meadville,  Pa.,  in  IS.'W,  and  at  Union  Theologi- 

Bullen,  Rev.  Joseph,  was  the  pioneer  of  the  I  eal  Semimiry,  New  York  city,  in  \''if2,  in  which 
Presbyterian  Church  in  the  Southwest.     It  is  from    year  he  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Pn-sbytery  of 


the  traditions  preserved  among  his  descendants  that 
the  facts  of  his  hi.story  are  to  be  gathered.  He  was 
a  native  of  Worcester  county,  M:i.ss. ;  Ixirn,  it  is  suj)- 


Xew  York,  Fourth,  and  orihiined  by  the  I*resbytery 
of  Meadville.  He  supplied  the  Presbyterian  churches 
of  Cherry  Tree  anil  Sunville,  in  Vemiugo  tx)unty,  Pa., 


po.sed,  al>out  17.'>3;  was  educated  at  Yale  College,  and  five  years,  and  then,  ls(i7— ■<,  made  a  tour  through 
at  an  early  age  devoted  himself  to  the  ministry.  His  Europe  and  the  E;Lst.  From  l^fi-t  to  ls7-2  he  w:is 
first  charge   w;ts   in   Windham   county,  Vermont,   in    jKistor  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  of  KiLshville,  HI. 


which  he  remained  about  twenty  years.  In  1798  he 
was  sent  out,  by  the  Presbj-terian  Missionary  Society 
of  New  York,  to  the  country  occupied  by  the  Chicka- 
saw Indians,  Ijing  in  the  northern  section  of  the 
Slississippi  Territory,  to  prepare  the  way,  if  practi- 
cable, for  establishing  a  mission  among  that  i«'ople. 
His  rei«)rt  having  been  favorable,  he  was  commis- 
sioned to  ojK-n  and  superintend  the  mission.  For 
this  puriM)se  he  removecl,  in  .March.  Ij^OO,  with  his 
family,  to  the  field  of  his  future  lalM>r.s.     The  dilfi- 


After  supplying,  temporarily,  the  Presbyterian 
Church  at  Petroleum  Centre,  Pa.,  he  becjime  jKistor 
of  the  Valley  Presbyterian  Church  of  Allegheny,  Pa. 
(his  present  cRarge),  over  which  he  was  installed, 
Xoveml»r  11th,  1874. 

Mr.  Burchard  is  a  man  of  accurate  scholarship, 
genial  manners,  fervent  jiiety.  As  a  jireacher  he  is 
earnest,  instructive,  evangelical,  and  is  jire-ominently 
distinguished  as  a  pxstor.  His  lalH)rs  have  In-en 
richly  blcs.sed.     His  jiresi'ut  charge,  which  he  found 


culties  and  perils  of  such  a  journey  C4in    hardly  be  struggling  and   feeble,   has,   under    his  care,  Ix'i-omo 

understood  at  the  present  day.     From  Pittsburg  he  strong  and   iufluenti.il.     He   has   for  a   numlK-r  of 

descended  the  Ohio  and  Mi.ssi.ssippi  rivers,  in  a  flat-  '  years  been  Stated  Clerk  of  the  Presbytery  of  Alle- 

iMKit,  to  the  Chickas;iw  Blulfs  (the  site  of  the  presint  gheny,  and,  as  a  Presbyter,  is  held  in  high  estimation 

city  of  Memphis),  where  a  stockade  fort,  with  a  gar-  by  his  ministerial  brethnn. 

ri.son  of  sixty  or  seventy  s<jldiers,  luid  been  stationed  j  Btirnet,  Hon.  Isaac  Q-.,  was  Inirn  in  Newark, 
by  the  U.  S.  Government.  From  this  point  the  party  X.  .I.,,Iuly  17tli.  17"  I;  graduated  at  the  College  of  Xew 
were  conveyed  on  pack-horses  to  Pontotoc,  an  old  In-  Jersey,  and,  after  studying  law,  reuuived  to  Cincin- 
dian  town,  distiint  about  one  hundreil  miles  to  the  :  nati.  Ohio,  in  June,  l.'*!).'!.  For  some  years  he  pr.ic- 
southwe.st.  ticed  his  profession  at  Fhij-ton,  and  in  I'^l.'t  settled  in 
Mr.  Bullen's  efibrts  to  elevate  and  Cliristianizc  the  Cincinnati.  In  1819  he  was  appointed  M.tyor  and 
Indians  were  pursued  faithfully  for  three  years,  and  Judge  of  the  City  courts,  to  which  oflice  he  was  suc- 
were  atti-nded  with  gotnl  results.  In  180:J  he  left  the  cessively  re-elected  until  1331,  when  he  declined  a 
Mission  and  moved  into  JelTerson  county,  in  the  re-elirtion.  Previous  to  this,  in  1^17,  he  liecame  one 
southern  j)art  of  the  Territory,  establishing  hini.self  of  the  proprietors  of  the  Cincinnnti  Gnzrllr,  and  its 
in  a  neigblMirhiMMl  about  twenty  miles  northi'iust  of  editor.  He  lu'ld  this  jxisition  for  a  short  time,  but 
Xatchez,  into  which  a  considerable  tide  of  emigration  continui'd  for  many  years  to  write  largely  for  the 
from  Xortli  Carolina  and  the  .seaboard  had  bien  flow-  .secular  and  religious  ])n-.s,s.  In  \'*'Xi,  he  "was  ail- 
ing. SupiHirting  him.self  here  by  bis  farm,  and  by  pointed  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court  for  the  ctmnly 
occasionally  teaching  a  st-hiM>l,  ho  In-came  the  evan-  where  ho  resided,  and  lield  this  apjxiintment  until 
gelist  of  the  region.  In  18()4  he  org-aniwd  the  first  the  abolition  of  the  court  a  fewyejirs  In'fore  his  death. 
Presbyterian  Church  in  the  Mississippi  Tirritory.  It  In  18.14  Judge  Burnet  w:us  elected  a  ruling  elder  in 
was  called  the  "ItellHl"  (linrch,  and  in  the  bnuiches  the  Second  Presbyterian  Church  in  Cincinnati,  and 
into  which  it  was  sub.s»-i|Ucntly  divided,  it  still  main-  held  the  olVu-e  for  nearly  twenty  years.  Two  years 
tains    its   existence.      Mr.   BuUen   was   a.s.siduous   in  Ix'fore  his  death  he  removed  to   Wahuit   Hills,  and 


BURR. 


115 


BVRRELL. 


joined  the  Lane  Seminarj'  Church,  and  av;us  immedi- 
ately elected  an  elder.  He  died  March  11  tli,  l^^.'iG. 
Judge  I'.uriiet  was  eminently  exemijlary  as  a  Chris- 
tian, and  I'aitlil'ul  as  an  officer  of  the  Church.  He  wa.s 
a  man  of  great  decision  and  earnestness.  'When 
Mayor  of  the  city,  he  singly  faced  a  mob  in  the  flush 
of  their  riotou.s  and  revengeful  triumph,  and  with  a 
few  words  quelled  their  lawless  spirit.  He  carried  thus 
decision  into  religion.  From  the  moment  he  entered 
the  Church,  to  the  time  of  his  death,  no  one  who  came 
in  contact  with  him  ever  doubted  where  he  stood. 
He  died  as  he  hud  lived.  For  years,  sickness  had 
invaded  his  constitution,  and  he  stood  with  his  loins 
girt  about  him  and  his  lamp  burning,  awaiting  the 
coming  of  the  Lord.  He  had  no  fear  of  death,  for 
Christ  had  already  given  him  the  victory. 

Btirr,  Aaron,  D.  D.,  was  a  descendant  of  tlie 
Rev.  Jonathan  Burr,  wlio  migrated  to  New  England 
in  KKJO,  and  w;i.s  for  some  time  pa.stor  of  the  Church 
in  Dorchester,  JIass.  He  was  born  January  4th, 
171.").  He  graduated  at  Yale  in  17:i.">;  was  licensed 
in  Septtniber,  173(5,  and  preached  his  first  sermon 
at  Greenfield,  Ma.ss.  'While  laboring  at  Hanover, 
N.  J.,  he  was  Invited  to  the  church  at  Newark, 
as  its  stated  supply  for  a  year,  after  which  he  was 
ordained  and  installed  its  pastor,  January  2oth, 
17:?7.  There  was  a  remarkable  revival  in  his 
congregation  in  the  Autumn  of  1739;  in  JIarch  the 
whole  town  was  brought  under  an  uncommon  con- 
cern about  their  eternal  interests.  In  February, 
1741,  there  was  another  effusicm  of  the  Holy  Spirit, 
principally  upon  the  young.  In  Juue,  1714,  the 
First  Chutch  in  New  Haven  called  Mr.  Burr  to 
become  associated  with  their  pastor,  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Noyes,  but  the  call  was  not  accepted. 

On  the  death  of  the  Rev.  Jonathan  Dickinson,  first 
President  of  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  at  Elizabeth- 
town,  in  the  Autumn  of  1747,  the  Institution  was 
removed  to  Newark,  and  Mr.  Burr  was  placed  at  its 
head.  In  17.54  Whitelield,  who  was  then  paying  a 
visit  to  Governor  Belcher,  at  Elizabethtown,  attended 
the  Commencement  at  Newark,  on  which  occasion 
I'resident  Burr  had  the  pleasure  of  conferring  upon 
him  the  degree  of  Master  of  Art.s.  His  devotion  to 
the  college  was  most  constant  and  exemplary,  and 
the  agency  which  he  undertook  in  its  Iwhalf,  by 
reiiuest  of  the  Trustees,  was  remarkably  successful. 
He  discharged  the  duties  of  both  President  of  the 
college  and  pastor  of  the  church  until  the  Autumn 
of  17."),"),  when  his  pastoral  relation  was  di.ssolved, 
and  he  gave  his  whole  time  to  the  service  of  the 
cDllcge.  The  village  of  Princeton  having  been  fixed 
ui)on  as  the  most  convenient  situation  for  the  col- 
lege, the  new  edifice  was  erected  there,  under  the 
superintendence  of  Mr.  Burr.  In  the  Autumn  of 
17,5(!,  the  building  being  so  far  completed  as  to  be 
ready  for  the  recei)tion  of  the  students,  they  removed 
thither,  about  seventy  in  number,  and  commenced 
the  occupancy  of  it. 


In  the  Summer  of  17.57  Mr.  Burr,  being  in  a  low- 
state  of  health,  made  a  rapid  and  exhausting  visit,  in 
a  very  hot,  sultry  sea.son,  to  his  father-in-law,  at 
Ptockbridge.  He  soon  returned  to  Princeton,  and 
went  immediately  to  Elizabithtown,  and,  on  the 
19th  of  August,  made  an  attempt  to  procure  the 
legal  exemption  of  the  students  from  military  duty. 
Thence  he  went  to  Newark,  and  on  the  21.st,  being 
much  indisposed,  he  preached  an  extemporaneous 
sermon  at  a  funeral  in  his  successor's  (Rev.  John 
Brainerd's)  family.  Returning  to  Princeton,  he 
immediately  went  to  Philadeljihia.  on  business  of  the 
college,  and  on  his  return  home,  learned  that  Gover- 
nor BelcluT  had  died  on  the  31st.  He  prepared  the 
sermon  for  his  funeral,  under  a  high  fever,  and  at 
night  was  delirious.  He  rode  to  Elizabethtown,  and 
on  the  4th  preached,  being  in  a  state  of  extreme 
languor  and  exhau.stion.  Returning  home  next  day, 
he  sank  under  a  nervous  fever,  aiul  died  September 
24th,  1757.  The  Rev.  Caleb  Smith  preached  his 
funeral  sermon.  William  Livingston,  aftcrwartls 
Governor  of  New  Jersey,  pronounced  his  eulogium. 
It  was  printed  in  New  York,  ami  speedily  reprinted 
in  Boston. 

Jlr.  Burr  published  a  Latin  grammar,  a  pamphlet 
entitled,  "  The  Supreme  Deity  of  our  Lord  Jesus 
Christ  Maintained,  in  a  Letter  to  the  Dedication  of 
Jlr.  Emlyn's  Inquirj'  into  the  Scriptural  Account 
of  Jesus  Christ,"  reprinted  in  Boston,  1791;  a  Fa.st 
sermon,  on  account  of  the  encroachments  of  the 
French,  1755;  a  sermon,  preached  before  the  Synod 
of  New  York,  1756;  and  a  .sermon  on  the  death  of 
Governor  Belcher,  1757. 

The  intellectual  attiinments  of  Mr.  Burr  were  of 
a  high  order.  His  piety  was  marked  and  fervent, 
prompting  him  to  indefatigable  eflbrts  to  cultivate 
the  hearts  of  his  pupils  as  well  as  their  heads;  to 
make  them  good  Christians  as  well  as  good  scholars. 
In  the  pulpit  he  shone  v\-ith  superior  lustre.  He 
was  fluent,  copious,  sublime,  pei'suasive.  ^\"hat  he 
preached  in  the  pulpit  he  lived  out  of  it.  His  life 
and  his  example  were  a  comment  on  his  sermons. 
He  was  distinguished  for  public  spirit  and  love  of 
his  countrv'.  As  a  teacher  he  had  a  rao.st  engaging 
method  of  instruction.  In  matters  of  government  in 
the  college  he  discovered  great  wisdom  and  .s:igacity. 
In  ecclcsia.stical  judicatories  and  councils  his  a.ssist- 
ance  was  often  desired,  and  his  judgment  deservedly 
esteemed.  And  his  assiduity  in  propagating  the 
gospel  among  the  Indians  constitutes  one  of  the 
brightest  features  of  his  admirable  ch;rracter. 

Btorrell,  David  James,  D.  D.,  son  of  David  and 
Elizabeth  Felgar  Burrell,  was  l)orn  at  Mount  Pleas- 
ant, Pa.,  August  1st,  1844.  He  gradiuited  at  Yale 
College,  in  the  class  of  1S67.  In  New  Haven  he 
showed  distinctly  the  traits  that  have  distinguished 
him  since  :  social  attractiveness  an<l  natural  oratorical 
ability.  He  led  a  brilliant  career  at  college,  ending 
with  winning  the-  DeForest  gold  medal,  the  highest 


nVRIiOWKti. 


116 


BiBTT. 


litt-niry  lioimr  of  tlie  Vniversity.  He  studied  thc- 
olojiy  for  one  year  at  tlie  Northwestern  Seminary,  at 
Cliieaj^o,  and  t<M)k  tlie  reniainiier  of  tlio  three  years' 
course  at  l"nii>n  Tlieolojiical  .Seminary,  New  York, 
■where  he  cnnliiateel,  in  1<70.  He  was  lieensi-d  hy 
the  I'resbytery  of  New  York,  and,  for  two  years,  liad 
charge  of  a  mission  ehapel  in  New  York  city.  Thence 
ho  went  to  Chicago,  to  a  chapel,  which  grew  rapidly, 
and  became,  during  hia  ministry,  the  Westminster  | 
Cliurch.  In  If^TO  he  was  called  to  the  Second  Pres- 
byterian Church  of  Diibuciuc,  Iowa,  where  he  now 
is,  continuing  what  h;us  been  a  singularly  successful 
pastorate.  l>r.  llurrcU  w;ls  an  a<-tive  participant  in 
the  Iowa  Temperance  cjimpaign  of  1>'"'2  and  IK"*:!,  and 
is  now  one  of  the  editors  of  a  paper  whose  object  is 
to  push  the  Temperance  issue.  He  is  a  frequent  and 
^^gorous  contributor  to  the  religious  press,  chiefly 
the  Interior,  whose  Sunday-school  department  he  has 
conducted  for  .some  time. 

BvorrO'wes,  G-eorge,  D.  D.,  was  born  at  Trenton, 
N.  J.,  April  :?d,  ISll.  He  graduat.d  at  the  College 
of  New  Jersey  in  \>*:Vi.  In  the  Kail  of  that  year  he 
commenced  the  study  of  theology  in  the  Princeton 
Seminary,  but  for  some  months  he  also  acted  sus  a 
Tutor  in  the  college,  and  completed  bis  theological 
course  in  the  Fall  of  1.S35.  In  July  183G  he  became 
pastor  of  the  West  Nottingham  Cliurch-  and  what  is 
now  Port  DeiKisit  Church,  at  the  siime  time  taking 
charge  of  the  West  Nottingham  Academy.  His 
pa.'rtorate  here  was  greatly  blessed  by  additions  to  the 
Church,  but  in  l-<ll)  he  w:ls  induced  to  accept  the 
Chair  of  Latin  and  (Ireek  in  Lafayette  College,  which 
he  held  until  March,  ls.V>.  He  w;us  jiastor  of  the 
Church  at  Newtown,  Pa.,  18.")7-.'.!). 

In  June,  IS-'iO,  Dr.  Burrowes  went  to  California 
■with  a  commi.s.sion  from  the  Board  of  Educiition  to 
lay  the  fimndation  of  a  Presbyterian  college  on  the 
Piuilii^  Coast.  In  this  he  hiis  Ix-en  eminently  suc- 
cessful, and,  as  the  Fuumirr  of  the  Vnirrrsili/  of  Stiii 
FrniiciKro,  will  long  be  remembered  there.  From  an 
bumble  beginning  in  lW.")i»,  with  four  boys,  one  of 
them  not  si.x  years  of  age,  in  the  dark  b;vsement 
of  Calvary  Presbyterian  Church,  by  Dr.  Burrowes' 
vigorous  clTorts,  succeeded  (when  forced  to  desist 
from  lalKir  for  a  period  of  three  years)  by  those,  of 
the  Kev.  P.  V.  Veeder,  there  lixs  iM'en  raised  an  insti- 
tution which  is  an  honor  to  tbi'  rresbyterian  I'liurch, 
and  the  most  i)ros|H'rous  of  the  kind  on  the  Paeilie 
coa.st,  and  which  i>nmiis«'s  to  lie  a  blessing  even  to 
other  land.s.  Dr.  Burrowes  wxs  ele<'ted  Profi-ssor  of 
Hebrew  and  (irei'k,  in  Siin  I'"ninci.-wo  St'minary,  in 
1873.  His  )>rinci]Hd  liteniry  work  is  his  "Com- 
mentjiry  on  the  Song  of  Solomon,"  which  was  puln 
lishi-d  in  IHTNt.  He  was  also  some  months  e<litor  of 
the  I'liriHr  EriMiKilnr.  and  luis  l)een  a  contributor  to 
the  I'riiicrlon  Itrririr.  He  is  justly  lu'ld  in  high 
est*'em  I'lir  his  seliolarship  and  excelli-nce  of  chanict^T. 

Burtis,  Arthur,  D.  D.,  tlie  son  of  .\rtliur  and 
EliKibeth  (Palmer)    Burtis,  was  liorn    in    New  York 


city,  October  3oth,  1807.  He  graduated  at  Union 
College  in  1827;  studied  theolog_v  at  Princeton  and 
Auburn,  and  w;is  licensetl  by  Cayuga  Presbytery  in 
1hX$.  After  serving  the  Keformed  Dutch  Church  at 
Fort  Plain,  N.  Y.,  for  a  year,  he  accepted  a  csill  to 
the  Presbyterian  Church  at  Little  Falls,  N.  Y., 
where  his  usefulness  was  interrupted  by  a  bronchial 
affection,  his  pastorate  only  lasting  for  a  year.  When 
his  health  ■^vas  restored  he  acted  for  Borne  time  as 
agent  for  the  American  Tract  Society,  at  his  own  cost. 
He  ne.xt  suppliwl  a  church  at  Binghamton,  N.  Y., 
for  a  year,  and  then  took  cluirge  of  the  Church  at 
O.xford,  N.  Y.,  where  he  spent  a  liapjiy,  useful  and 
honored  jiastorate  of  seven  j'ears.  .Sulisetjueutly  he 
supplied  the  Church  at  Yernon,  N.  Y.,  for  one  year, 
then  rcmovi'd  to  Buflalo,  N.  Y.,  where  he  supplied 
the  First  Church  for  nine  montlLs,  then  became  pius- 
tor  of  the  South  Presbj-terian  Church  for  three  years, 
and  of  the  Taliernacle  Church  for  four  years,  both 
in  the  same  city.  For  two  years  he  w:»s  agent  of  the 
American  and  Foreign  Christian  Union.  In  l^'fifi  he 
wxs  invited  to  Miami  University,  to  take  charge  'of 
the  cUus-ses  in  Greek,  with  a  view  to  the  Greek  Pro- 
fessorship, t<i  which  position  he  was  scmiii  electi-d, 
being  invited  at  the  same  time  to  supply  a  church  in 
0.\ford. 

Dr.   Burtis,  jast  when  he  had  fairly  entered   on 

his  duties,  died,  March  27th,  18C7.     He  was  a  cnlti- 

\at<d  gentleman  and   a  g<xid   scholar.     He   av.-u)  so 

'  genial,  .s(Kial,  kind  and  jiolite  tli.it  all  e.st»H-med  and 

!  loved  liim.     In  his  religious  character  he  was  eon- 


jsistent,  decided  and  earnest;  ;is  a  preacher,  si'cking 
the  solid  and  true,  rather  than  the  show*  and  fanci- 
ful, and  making  it  ever  manifest  that  he  was  striving 
rather  to  honor  his  Ma.ster  than  himsedf. 

Burtt,  Re'v.  John,  the  sou  of  Kobert  and  Jane 
(Drennan)  Burtt,  wxs  liorn  in  Knockmarloek  Hou.sj-, 
Ayrshire,  .Scotland,  May  2,ld,  17t<!).  ^\^len  sixteen 
years  of  age,  he  was  seized  by  a  "  pres.s-gang, "  and 
compelled  to  siTve  in  the  ICnglish  navy.  Here  he 
remained  live  years,  and  cxiH-rienced  a  most  painful 
's<'rvice;  at  the  end  of  this  time,  through  the  aid 
I  of  a  friend  connected  with  the  navy,  he  was  rele:i«ed. 
,  On  his  return  home  he  renewed  his  literary  pursuits, 
1  and  taught  school  in  Kilmarnock  until  181G,  ■when 
he  went  to  Ghasgow,  .Scotland,  to  attend  medical 
lectures.  In  1H17  hecmigratiti  to  the  United  States, 
making  his  home  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  .Vf^cr  the 
.study  of  divinity  in  the  Theological  .Seminary  at- 
Prineet<in,  N.  J.,  he  wxs  licensed  by  Philadelphia 
rresliylerv,  in  1H21,  and  in  the  .\utumn  of  tlie  .siiiiie 
year  was  ordained  by  the  s;ime  Presbytery,  and 
liecaiue  ]Kist<ir  of  the  Pn-.sbvterian  Church  at  S;ileni. 
N.  J.  Here  he  labored  until  the  Autumn  of  lf*2H. 
He  then  spi-nt  a  few  months  in  IXi-rfield,  N.  .1.,  and 
in  I'^'.I  iH'came  the  wlitor  of  Thr  I'mttii/lrrian.  He 
wxs  the  fiml  editor  of  that  |>:i|M-r.  He  continued  x* 
its  editor  until  NovemlM-r -Mst.  l-^VJ.  After  this  he 
removed  to  Cincinnati,  and  in  1><J3  he  l>ecame  alitor 


jnUWKLL. 


117 


BUTLER. 


of  The  Standard,  a  religious  paper  under  the  care  of 
the  Presln-terian  Chureh.  In  184'2  he  returned  to 
New  Jersey,  locating  at  Blackwoodtowu,  where  he 
labored  until  1859,  when  he  removed  to  Salem,  X. 
J.,  the  seene  of  his  early  labors  in  the  ministry,  where 
he  died,  March  -'-Ith,  1  ■<(;(!. 

Mr.  Burtt  was  "clothed  with  humility,"  Avith  a 
mind  of  uncommon  strength,  cultivated  to  a  remark- 
able degree,  fully  competent  to  take  a  prominent 
position  in  the  Church,  and  with  many  invitations 
that  calle<l  him  from  obscurity,  he  (irmly  rcsi.sted  all 
ellorts  to  render  him  prominent,  and  by  a  sincere 
choice  ])refcrred  in  retirement  to  advance  the  interests 
of  the  kingdom  of  his  Iiedeemcr.  He  often  prepared 
books  for  the  press,  and  published  :nuch  that  would  , 
have  distinguished  him  as  a  scholar  and  writer, 
while  he  carefnlly  concealed  his  name.  Asa  preiicher 
he  Wiis  sincere,  earnest,  aftectionat«,  instructive. 

Burw^ell,  Robert,  D.  D.,  son  of  Armistead  and 
Mary  Cole  (Tnrnbull)  Burwell,  was  born  in  Dinwid- 
dle county,  Va. ,  June  l"2th,  1802.  On  his  father's 
side  he  wa.s  of  English,  and  on  his  motlier's,  of 
Scotch  parentage.  He  was  graduated  from  Hampden 
.Sidney  College,  in  1823,  and  the  same  year,  with 
Thomas  P.  Hunt  and  Jesse  S.  Armistead,  entered  the 
first  cla.ss,  of  three,  in  Union  Theological  Seminary, 
in  Virginia,  under  the  instruction  of  Rev.  John  H. 
Rice,  D.  D.  He  w^as  taken  under  care  of  Hanover 
Presljj'terj',  September  30th,  1825,  licensed  by  the 
same,  October  23d,  1826,  and  ordained,  November 
27th,  1830.  He  was  dismissed  to  East  Hanover 
Presbytery,  October  22d,  1831,  and  installed  pastor 
of  Chesterfield  Church,  .Tune  1st,  1832.  He  was  dis- 
missed to  Orange  Presbytery,  N.  C,  July  2nth,  183G, 
and  soon  after  iu.stalled  pastor  of  Hillsboro  Church, 
where  he  labored  for  twenty -three  years.  Here,  in 
conjunction  with  his  cultivated  and  energetic  wife, 
he  opened  and  conducted  a  Female  School,  of  high 
grade,  for  more  than  twenty  years.  In  18.57  he  was 
.selected  to  oi)cn  the  Female  In.stitute,  in  Charlotte,  I 
N.  C,  which  he  conducted  successfully  for  fifteen 
years.  In  1872  he  was  elected  as  Principal  of  the 
new  Female  College,  Peace  Institute,  in  Raleigh, 
N.  C,  where,  a.s.sociatcd  with  his  son,  John  B.  Bur- ; 
well,  Esq.,  he  still  remains  (May,  1883).  For  forty-  J 
six  years  he  has  been  chiefly  engaged  in  teaching  the 
girls  of  the  Southern  Atlantic  States,  and  has  had 
about  twelve  hundred  pupils  under  his  instruction  I 
during  that  period.  In  1882  the  University  of  North 
Carolina  conferred  upon  him  tlie  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Divinity. 

Dr.  Burwell  has  been  a  diligent  student  all  his  < 
life,  still  reads  his  regular  portion  of  Hebrew  and  j 
Greek,  purcha,ses  and  reads  the  latest  theological  and 
literary  works,  and  takes  an  interest  in  the  aflairs  of 
the  Church.  He  is  quiet,  gentle,  scholarly  in  his 
tastes,  and  liLs  sermons  are  polLshed  in  style  and  full 
of /Sound  instruction.  Though  engaged  in  teachrng 
he   has  always   had   his   regular    appointments   for 


preaching  on  the  Sabbath,  and  still  has,  which  he 
fulfills  with  the  strictest  punctuality.  Dr.  Burwell, 
in  his  own  modest,  quiet,  unobtru-sive  way,  has  done 
a  noble  work  for  his  generation. 

Bushnell,  Daniel,  is  the  c'ighth  child  of  Alexan- 
der Bushnell  and  Sarah  (Wells)  Bu.shnell.  He  was 
born  in  New  York  city,  December  29th,  1808.  His 
father  moved  with  his  family  to  I'ittsburg,  in  1813, 
and  -worked  as  a  ship  carpenter,  in  the  employ  of 
Robert  Fulton,  and  assisted  in  building  the  Vcsuviua, 
the  first  steamboat  built  for  business  on  Western 
rivers.  The  son  grew  up  in  Pittsburg,  being  only 
five  years  old  when  his  father  moved  West.  When 
of  age  he  went  into  business  with  his  fathir.  For 
three  years  (1833-6),  father  and  sons  engagcjl  in 
mercantile  pursuits  at  New  Albany,  Indiana.  In 
1840  Jlr.  Bushnell  went  into  the  coal  business,  whicli 
he  successfully  pursued  for  twenty  years.  He  was 
the  first  man  to  introduce  the  "barge  system"  in 
transporting  coal  do\vn  the  rivers,  having  taken  the 
first  tow  downi  as  early  as  1845.  From  1860  to  the 
jiresent  time  lie  has  been  interested  in  the  oil  busi- 
ness, -with  success. 

Mr.  Bushnell  was  baptized  in  the  First  Piesln-te- 
rian  Church  of  Pittsburg,  and  raised  under  the 
pastoral  care  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Francis  Herrou.  The 
Rev.  Wells  Bushnell  wiis  his  brother,  and  another 
brother  has,  for  over  fifty  years,  been  a  ruling  elder 
in  New  Albany,  Ind.  He  was  one  of  the  original 
thirty-six  that  formed  the  Third  Presbyterian  Church, 
Pitt.sburg.  He  was  elected  elder  iu  1850,  and  has 
served  faithfully  ever  since.  He  is  now  the  oldest  iu 
office,  and  for  intelligence,  integrity  and  sterling 
worth,  is  an  honor  both  to  the  eldership  and  to  the 
whole  Cliurch.  He  is  now  seventy-five  years  old,  and, 
although  living  several  miles  from  his  church,  seldom, 
either  on  Sabbath  or  week-day,  forsakes  the  a.s.sem- 
bly  of  God's  people. 

Butler,  Zebulon,  D.  D.,  was  born  iu  Wilkes- 
barre,  Pa.,  Se])teml)cr  27th,  1803;  was  a  student  at 
Nassau  Hall;  graduated  at  Princeton  Seminar}-  in 
1826,  and,  being  licensed  by  Susquehanna  I'resbytery, 
he  set  out  for  the  Southwest,  under  a  commission 
for  si.x  mouths,  from  the  Board  of  Mi.ssions.  On  his 
arrival  at  the  field  of  labor,  the  central  point  of  which 
was  Vick-sburg,  Sliss.,  he  addressed  himself  earnestly 
to  his  work,  and  engaged  to  remain  with  the  people 
a  year,  they  assuming  his  whole  support.  At  the 
I'.xpiration  of  the  time  he  accepted  a  call  to  the 
Church  at  Port  Gibson,  and  it  w;is  among  this  people 
his  earnest,  faithful  and  laborious  life  was  spent. 
Here,  for  nearly  thirty-four  years,  he  toiled  on,  amid 
many  trials,  but  with  much  success.  Dr.  Butler's 
influence  extended  gradually  over  a  large  extent  of 
country,  so  that  he  became  virtually  a  diocesan 
bishop,  establishing  churches  and  confirming  the 
disciples  in  many  localities.  By  his  instrumentality 
many  young  men  were  assisted  into  the  ministry. 
In  founding  and  sustaining  Oakland  College,  Missis- 


BVTTOLPH. 


118 


CALnWELL  IXSTJTVTE. 


sippi,  hf  bore  a  prominont  part.    He  died  in  triumph, 
]><(<mtHr  2M,  li^io,  jn"«'atly  Iwlovcd  and  lamented. 

Buttolph,  D.  L.,  D.  D.,  was  bom  in  Xonvich, 
X.Y.,  December,  1822.  He  was  the  son  of  Jmlge 
David  and  .Maria  (Lyniiin)  Buttolph.  .\ftorjrniduat- 
ing  at  Williams  Col!e;;e,  in  the  year  Xfi't,  he  went  to 
Charleston,  S.  C,  and  en(;a);ed  in  teaching.  , 

In  1849  lie  entend  the  Theol(it;ieal  Seminary  in  | 
Columbia,  S.  C,  and  alter  completing  the  regular 
course  of  study,  he  wius  lieen.sed,  in  lKr)2,  by  the 
Charleston  I'resbytery,  to  preach  the  |»osp«'l.  After 
leaving  the  Seminary  he  wius  invited  to  preach  in  the 
Second  Prcsbj-terian  Church  of  Charli-ston,  S.  C. ,  as 
the  a.'isistant  of  the  Kev.  Thomas  Smyth,  D.  D.  He 
remained  there  two  years,  when  lie  accepted  a  cjill 
from  the  Midway  Congregational  Church  in  Liberty 
county,  (ieorgia. 

This  Church  is  distinguished  for  having  sent  more 


than  sixty  of  her  sons  into  the  gospel  ministry,  many 
of  whom  are  now  lalN>ring  in  diflerent  s»-ctions  of  our 
(■ountry.  In  XMYi  Dr.  Buttolph  accepte<l  a  call  to 
l)ecome  pastor  of  the  Pre.sbyterian  Church  in  Marietta, 
Georgia.  He  l)eg!in  hi.s  latxins  in  thi.s  church  in 
DecenilK'r  of  the  .same  year,  and  is  still  its  pastor, 
covering  a  space  of  nearly  sixteen  years. 

Dr.  Buttolph  is  a  thorough  Bible  student,  and 
preaches  th<'  gosjM'l  in  all  its  ]iurity.  His  style  is 
clear,  liigicd  ami  jKiinted.  He  speaks  with  earnest- 
ness and  power,  and  in  his  appeals  there  is  a  warmth 
and  fervidness  that  compel  attention.  As  a  pastor 
he  is  dearly  bclove<l,  not  onlj-  by  his  own  congrega- 
tion, but  by  every  one  who  becomes  acquainted  with 
him,  for  his  kind,  courteoiLS  and  .syiii]Kithetic  nature, 
which  enahlis  him  always  to  have  a  word  of  guiMl 
cheer  anil  encouragenieiit  for  every  one,  and  his  laliors 
have  been  blessed  to  the  good  of  many  souls. 


c 


Caldwell,  David,  D.  D.,  the  eldest  smi  of 
Andrew  and  Martha  Caldwell,  was  born  in  Lancaster 
county,  I'a.,  .March  '2'Jil,  IT'J.').  Alter  receiving  the 
rudiments  of  an  Knglish  education,  he  served  an  ap- 
prenticeship to  a  hous<--cariK'nter,  and  he  subse- 
quently worked  at  the  business  four  years.  He  w;is 
graduated  at  Princeton  in  17G1,  the  year  in  which 
President  Davies  died,  and  he  h:is  been  heard  to  say 
that  he  iussisted  in  carrying  him  to  his  grave.  After 
leaving  college,  Mr.  Ciildwell  was  engaged  as  a 
teacher,  for  a  year,  at  Cape  May.  He  then  returned 
to  Princeton,  and  acte<l  as  a.ssistaiit  teacher  in  the 
college,  in  the  I)c])artnient  of  Languages.  He  was 
lieen.sed  to  preach  by  the  Presbytery  of  New  Bruns- 
wick, June  8th,  176IJ.  After  spending  some  time  as 
a  missionary  in  North  Carolina,  he  was  ordained  at 
Trenton,  N.  .1.,  .Tuly  (ith,  17(!.'>.  On  M:irch  :5d,  17(;8, 
he  was  installed  pji.stor  of  the  two  churches  in  Buflalo 
and  .\laniance  .settlenient.s,  in  North  Carolina.  To 
supplement  his  meagre  .salary,  he  purclia.seil  a  small 
farm,  and  aliout  the  .sime  time  eomineiiccd  a  clas.s- 
ical  seliiMil  in  his  own  house,  which  he  continued, 
with  little  interruiition,  till  the  inlirmities  of  age 
disi|ualilied  him  for  teaching.  He  was  identilied 
with  some  of  the  most  terrible  events  of  the  war  of 
the  Kevolutioii.  His  hous«'  was  plumlered,  his  li- 
bniry  and  furniture  destroyed,  and  the  most  vigorous 
and  insidious  etVorts  were  made  to  overtake  anil 
arrest  him  when  he  bad  lied  for  his  life.  He  was  a 
memlier  of  the  convention  that  formed  the  Constitu- 
tion of  the  State  of  North  ( 'arolina,  in  177li.  and  took 
an  active  interest  in  the  )>iilitical  eoncenis  of  the 
country,  his  ojiiiiioii  always  carrying  with  it  great 
weight.     He  continued  to  preach  in  his  two  churches 


till  the  year  1)^20.  He  died,  August  2oth,  1824. 
"Dr.  Caldwell,"  s;iys  trtivernor  Morehead,  of  North 
Carolina,  "  was  a  man  of  admirable  tciniHr.  kind  to  a 
fault  to  every  human  Ixiiig,  and  I  might  s;iy  to  every 
living  creature,  entitled  to  his  kindness.  He  seemed 
to  live  to  do  goo<l.  It  would  be  difficult  to  duly  ap- 
preciate his  asefulncss  through  his  long  life.  His 
learning,  his  piety  and  his  patriotism  were  infused 
into  the  generations  of  his  day." 

Cald'weU,  Rev.  Elias  Boudinot,  a  son  of  .lames 
Caldwell,  of  the  cliLss  of  1759,  whilst  living  in  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  as  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  .States,  olitained  a  license  from  the  Presbrtery, 
and  was  accustomed  to  jireach  to  the  ignorant  and 
degraded  in  that  city.  He  is  especially  known  for 
the  prominent  jxirt  he  took  in  the  cavi.se  of  African 
colonization.  In  honor  of  him  the  Jlanagers  of  the 
.Society  gine  the  name  of  Caldwill  to  a  town  in  their 
.VlVican  colony.      He  died  in  May,  182.5. 

Caldwell  Institute,  N.  C.  This  was  a  High 
.•^chiMil,  I'ounili  (1  liy  Orange  I'nsb^-tery  and  under  its 
cure.  It  was  ineor|)oratiil  with  a  Board  of  Trustees, 
and  was  named  in  honor  of  Kev.  David  Caldwell,  n.ii., 
an  eminent  teacher  and  minister  of  Guilford  ivunty, 
i  N.  C,  and  of  Hev,  .loseph  Caldwell,  l>.  !>.,  an  early 
and  justly  distinguished  President  of  the  .State  Uni- 
versity, IhiIIi  PresbyteriaiLS,  but  of  dilTereiit  families. 
The  Institute  had  its  origin  in  a  gcner.d  movement 
in  the  State  in  In^lialf  of  denominational  .scliool.s.  the 
immediate  outcome  of  which  were  this  ."v-minary  and 
David.son  College.  Presliyt«'rian:  the  Gn-enslioro  Fe- 
male College,  under  the  care  of  the  N.  C.  Confer- 
eiuf  of  the  MethiMlist  Kpisco|ml  Church.  South;  Wake 
Fore.st  Collegi'.  Baptist;  and  St.  .Mary's  Female  :>chool. 


CALDWELL. 


119 


CALDWELL. 


Episcopalian.  It  was  located  in  Greensboro,  and  was 
opened  in  its  own  building,  in  the  year  1H36,  the 
pupils  having  their  quarters  at  boarding-houses  in 
the  town. 

The  first  Faculty,  which  continued  to  serve  for 
nine  years,  consisted  of  Kev.  Alcxaniler  Wilson,  D.  D., 
Kev.  John  A.  Gretter,  D.  I).,  and  Sil.TS  C.  Liudslcy; 
the  curriculum  embraced  most  of  the  ordinarj' 
college  studies,  and  from  the  sUirt  the;  Institution 
assumed  the  highest  position  for  discipline  and  thor- 
oughness of  instruction.  It  generally  numbered  from 
seventy -five  to  one  hundred  students,  a  large  propor- 
tion of  whom  became  men  of  power  and  usefulness, 
and  some  of  theiU  attained  to  the  highlit  positions 
in  the  ministry  and  in  other  callings.  In  1845  Pres- 
bytery resolved  to  move  it  to  Hillsboro,  and  one  of 
the  Faculty,  Dr.  Wilson,  went  with  it  to  its  new 
location;  but  this  step  Ciiuscd  dilfcrenccs  of  opinion 
among  the  friends  of  the  Institution;  its  endowment 
was  small,  new  expenses  had  to  be  incurred,  and  it 
did  not  long  survive  this  change.  It  may  be  added 
that  the  apparent  necessity  for  denominational  schools 
of  this  kind  was  passing  away,  in  the  rapid  growth 
of  institutions  promoted  by  the  advancement  of  the 
common  school  system,  and  it  ultimately  became 
the  policy  of  the  Presbyterians  to  concentrate  their 
energies  on  Davidson  College,  though  still  support- 
ing the  State  Universit}',  to  the  usefulness  of  which 
they  have  ever  been  devoted.  Comparatively  brief  as 
was  its  career,  the  Caldwell  Institute  did  much  to 
advance  and  elevate  the  cau.se  of  sound  education  in 
the  South,  and  its  influence  has  been  widely  felt  and 
lasting. 

Caldwell,  Rev.  James,  w;is  born  in  a  settle- 
mint  called  Cub  Crci'k,  in  what  is  now  Charlotte 
county,  Va.,  iu  1734.  He  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1759;  in  about  a  year  alterward  was 
licensed  as  a  probationer  for  the  ministry,  and  in 
17()1  was  ordained  by  the  Presbytery  of  New  Bruns- 
wick, and  probably  at  the  same  time  installed  pastor 
of  the  Presbyterian  Church  of  Elizabethtown,  X.  J. 

Soon  after  Mr.  Caldwell's  settlement  in  Elizabeth- 
town  c<immenced  the  ditFerences  between  Great 
Britain  and  her  Colonies  which  resulted  in  the  War 
of  the  Kcvolution,  and  subsequently  in  our  Inde- 
jM'ndence,  and  he  entered  with  all  his  heart  into  the 
controversy.  On  the  commencement  of  hostilities, 
and  the  formation  of  the  Jersey  Brigade,  he  was  at 
once  selected  as  its  chaplain.  In  June,  1770,  he 
joined  the  Jersey  regiment,  then  on  the  northern 
lines,  ami  under  the  command  of  his  friend  and 
l)arishiinier.  Colonel  Da^-ton.  He  did  not  remain 
with  the  army  until  the  close  of  the  campaign,  but 
rcturntil  to.Xew  .Tersey,  where  he  was  incc.s.s;intly 
occupied  by  his  public  and  parochial  duties.  His 
l)oiiularity  with  the  army  and  the  people  was 
unbounded,  and  his  practical  wisdom  and  biusiness 
talents  were  held  in  the  highest  estimation.  But  his 
popularity  with  the  friends  of  the   Re\olution  was 


equaled,  if  not  surpassed,  by  his  unpopiUarity  with 
its  enemies.  High  rewards,  it  is  said,  were  offered 
for  his  capture,  and  to  avoid  the  dangers  to  which 
he  was  constantly  exposed  from  the  Tories  and  the 
enemy,  then  in  possession  of  Staten  Island  and  Xew 
York,  he  removed  his  residence  to  Connecticut 
Farms,  a  small  place  distant  a  few  miles  fr<jm  Eliza- 
bethtown, where  he  continued  until  his  death.  Such 
were  his  own  apprehensions  and  those  of  his  friends, 
that  he  usually  went  armed,  and,  after  the  burning 
of  his  church,  when  preaching  in  what  is  yet  spoken 
of  as  the  Old  Red  Store,  he  was  often  seen  to  disen- 
cumber himself  of  a  pair  of  pistols  and  lay  them  by 
his  side.  The  church  in  which  he  preached  was 
cheerfully  yielded  as  a  hospital  for  sick,  disabled  and 
wounded  soldiers,  and  its  worshipers  on  the  Sabbath 
were  often  compelled  to  stand  through  the  service, 
because  of  the  greasincss  of  the  seats,  and  the 
fragments  of  bread  and  meat  by  which  they  were 
covered.  In  vengeance  on  the  p;ustor  and  people  this 
church  was  fired,  on  the  2oth  of  Jannarj-,  1780,  by  a 
refugee  named  Cornelius  Hetfield.  On  the  25th  of 
June  following,  Jlrs.  Caldwell  was  shot  by  a  refugee, 
through  the  window  of  a  room  to  which  she  had 
retired  with  her  children,  for  safety  and  devotion, 
two  balls  pa.ssing  through  her  body.  Her  corpse 
having  been  drawn  forth  and  laid  in  the  ojjen  street, 
the  building  wiis  fired,  and  soon  all  the  surrounding 
buildings  were  in  ashes.  When  the  army  was 
reduced  to  a  very  low  state,  as  to  both  pay  and  pro- 
visions, Mr.  Caldwell  was  appointed  Assistant  Com- 
missary General,  and  in  this  position  his  services 
were  of  immense  value.  He  was  shot  by  James 
Morgan,  belonging  to  the  Jersey  militia,  an  Irish- 
man by  birth,  and  a  man  of  the  most  debased  and 
profligate  character,  and  his  funeral  took  place  No- 
vember 28th,  1781. 

Mr.  Caldwell  was  a  man  of  unwearied  activity,  and 
of  wonderful  powers  of  both  bodily  and  mental 
endurance.  Feelings  of  the  most  glowing  piety  and 
the  most  fervent  patriotism  occupied  his  bosom  at 
the  same  time,  without  at  all  interfering  with  each 
other.  He  was  one  day  preaching  to  the  battalion; 
the  next,  providing  the  ways  and  means  for  their 
support;  the  next,  marching  with  them  to  battle;' if 
defeated,  a.ssisting  to  conduct  their  retreat;  if  vic- 
torious, oflfering  their  united  thanksgivings  to  God; 
and  the  next,  carrying  the  consolations  of  the  gospel 
to  some  afliicted  or  dying  parishioner.  Down  to  a 
very  recent  period  the  aged  ones  spoke  of  him  with 
tearful  emotion.  Never  was  a  p;i.stor  more  alfection- 
ately  remembered  by  a  people.  And,  as  a  token  of 
grateful  respect  and  veneration  for  his  memory,  one 
of  the  townships  iu  the  county  of  Es.sex  has  been 
called  by  his  name.  Through  the  joint  agency  of  a 
committee  of  the  Cincinnati  of  New  Jersey  and  a 
committee  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  of 
Elizabethtown,  a  beautiful  monument  to  the  liiemory 
of  Mr.  Caldwell  was  erected  over  his  remains,  iu  the 


CALDWELL. 


lao 


CALLING,  EFFECTUAL. 


graveyard  of  that  church,  to  transmit  the  memory  of 
his  jKitriotism,  piety  and  cxalteil  worth  to  grner.i- 
tious  to  come.  Tluit  monument  was  dedicated,  by 
appropriate  ceremonic-s,  on  the  2-lth  of  November, 
ISJo,  the  sixty-fourth  anniversiiry  of  Mr.  Caldwell's 
death.  An  ajipropriate  and  impressive  addre.s-s  was 
delivered  on  tlie  occasion  by  the  Hev.  S;imuel  Miller, 
D.  D.,  which  was  RuI>sc<iU(iitly  published. 

Caldwell,  Joseph,  D.D.,  was  iH)rn  at  I-iiming- 
ton,  N.  J.,  April  'Jlst,  177:!.  lie  entered  Ifinceton 
College,  in  1787,  and  during  his  whole  collegiate 
course  maintained  tlie  highest  rank  as  a  scholar. 
He  graduated  in  1791,  on  which  occasion  he  deliv- 
ered the  Salutatory  Oration  in  I-atin.  After  his 
graduation  he  engaged  in  teaching  for  a  time;  studied 
theology  under  the  direction  of  the  Kev.  David  Aus- 
tin, at  Elizabethtown  ;  in  April,  1795,  iH-came  tutor 
in  Princeton  College,  and  continued  to  hold  the  office 
somewhat  more  than  a  year  ;  in  the  summer  of  179G 
received  and  accepted  the  ai>|>ointment  of  1'rofe.s.sor 
of  Mathematics  in  the  University  of  Xortli  Carolina  ; 
on  the  2"2d  of  September  following  Wiis  licensed  to 
preach  the  gospel  by  the  Prcsbj-tery  of  New  I{run.s- 
wick,  and  immediately  entered  on  the  duties  of  his 
Professorship,  being  then  only  twenty-three  years  of 
age.  The  college  was  at  that  time  in  a  fe<'ble  state, 
and  to  him  is  justly  ascribed  the  merit  of  sjiving  it 
from  ruin  in  its  \arious  vici.ssitudes. 

In  1''04  Mr.  Caldwell  w;ls  tr.insferri'd  from  liis  Pro- 
fes.sorship  to  the  Presidency  of  the  Vniversify.  This 
latter  office  he  continued  to  hold  till  1812,  when 
he  resigned  it,  and  returned  to  the  Mathematical 
chair,  being  succeeded  by  the  Hev.  Dr.  Chapman. 
In  l'^17  Dr.  Chapman  retirc-d  from  the  Presidency, 
and  Dr.  Caldwell  was  chosen  President  ag-.iin.  In 
1*J4  he  went  to  Kurope  for  the  luirehase  of  a]>iiaratus 
and  books  for  the  University,  and  returned  the  fol- 
lowing year.  He  died,  January  24th,  \KV>,  and  a 
monument  to  his  memory  w;ls  erected  in  the  grove 
surrounding  the  University  buildings  by  the  trus- 
tejw.  Dr.  Caldwell  was  a  man  of  remarkably  sound 
judgment.  He  was  .self-denying,  gi-niTous,  fi'arle.ss, 
and  jK-rseverlng.  Few,  if  any,  of  the  graduates  of 
the  University  ever  failed  to  renienilx-r  him  with 
adihinition  and  alTecticm.  "North  Carolina,"  says 
I).  Olmstead,  1,1,.  I).,  " rt^veres  bis  memory.  Her 
most  distingui.shetl  sons  were  his  puiiils,  and  cherish 
lor  him  a  truly  filial  affection,  and  the  advance 
which  that  ISfate  has  made  in  intelligence  and  virtne 
through  the  instrumentality  of  his  lalH>rs  is  the 
highest  monument  of  bis  |M>\ver  and  wisdom." 

Calhoun,  Rev.  Philo,  was  lM)rn  in  Creen  county, 
Niw  York,  alxiiit  the  year  I"<lMi,  and  died  at  Vienna, 
Iji.,  .luly  -Jinh.  IS72.  He  gra<luate<l  with  distin- 
guished honor,  in  lx2(i,  .-it  Union  College,  in  his  native 
State.  .'iiMMi  al>er  his  gniduation,  he  took  charge  of 
a  private  s4'h(Mil  in  the  vicinity  of  Parmville,  in  I'rinci' 
Edward  county,  Va.  Here  he  distinguished  himself 
bv  his  abilitv  and  faitlil'ulness   as   an    instructor   of 


youtli.  He  studied  theology  at  Union  Theological 
Seminarj',  Virginia ;  w:(s  licensed  to  preach  by  the 
Presbytery  of  Wi-st  Hanover,  in  LSJU,  an<l  in  le33 
was  ordained  to  the  full  work  of  the  ministry'. 

Having  labored  in  the  mini-stry  a  short  time,  at 
■\Va.shington,  N.  C,  with  great  acceptance  and  prolit 
to  the  church  at  that  jilace  he  was  invited  to  take 
charge  of  the  churches  of  Liicy  llogi-  and  Blue  Stone, 
in  Mecklenburg  county,  Va.  Accepting  this  invita- 
tion, he  lalHired  with  zeal  and  lidelity  with  those 
churclu-s  till  he  was  called  to  the  I'rofessorship  of 
Mathematics  in  Washington  College,  Va.  (now  Wash- 
ington and  Lee  University),  about  the  year  liS3<». 
Here  he  remained,  occupying  this  important  position 
;  with  distinguishetl  ability  and  success,  till  alxtut  the 
'  j'ciir  IfcOl,  when  he  retired  from  that  place  to  occupy 
other  pliices  of  inlluenee  and  iLsefulness  in  the  educji- 
tional  interi'Sts  of  our  omntry,  as  well  as  in  the  min- 
istry. Alx)Ut  18<K)  he  iK-iiime  the  head  of  an  im)iortant 
Female  Seminary  at  Houma,  La.,  which  ]M)sition  he 
tilled  to  the  great  satistactiou  of  that  community  for 
some  years.  He  was  next  a  Protessor  in  Oakland 
College,  MLss.,  where  he  discharged  the  dnties  of  that 
office  with  distinguished  ability  and  usefulness.  In 
the  Fall  of  1^70  he  \-isited  Te.\as.  His  reputation  its 
an  educator  of  youth  luiving  gone  iH'fore  him  to  that 
new  and  rapidly  improving  St;ite,  he  received  many 
solicitations  to  engage  in  teaching.  He  went  to 
Vienna,  in  the  State  of  Louisiana,  res<dve<l  to  devote 
him.self  thenceforth  entirely  to  his  Civorite  work  of 
preaching  the  gospel.  Accordingly  he  engaged  to 
preach  to  the  Church  at  Viennti,  and  at  other  ]>oints 
in  reach  of  that  place.  Here  he  laborwl  in  the  Mas- 
ter's service,  with  great  acwptijui-e  and  protit  to  the 
ehurcjies,  preaching  with  unwearied  lidelity  and  z«-al, 
till  his  heavenly  Father  informed  him  that  his  work 
was  done. 
I  Calkins,  Rev.  Matthew  Henry,  son  of  Calvin 
Pardee  and  Het.sey  (Smith)  CalkiiLs,  w:is  Ixirn  in 
Ballston,  Saratoga  county,  N.  V.,  March  15th,  1842. 
He  graduated  at  Princeton  College,  with  honor,  in 
18(J5;  at  Princeton  Theologiwil  .Seminary  in  l^W, 
and  was  licensed  by  the  Presbytery  of  Alluiny  in 
.June,  \>*(u.  He  w;is  in.stalled  over  the  Solebury 
Church,  Itucks  county.  Pa..  Augu.st  20tli.  If^lW.  In 
.Tune,  ls7:!,  he  aec<'pte«l  a  cjiU  from  the  S<-«tmd 
Presbyterian  Church  of  Newe;Lstle,  Pa.,  and  was 
.s«M)n  alter  installed.  Here  he  still  ctmtinues.  His 
work  hiw  iKfU  prosperi'd,  and  the  chun-h  has  In-en 
increased  and  strengtheniKl  under  his  faithful  min- 
istrations. Mr.  Calkins  ])os.ses.ses  rare  merits  and 
most  excellent  qualities  of  mind  and  hi-art.  He 
preaches  good  sermons,  and  is  a  kind,  ilevotetl  jxistor. 
Patii'Ut  inilustrv,  stiady  iMTsever.ini'c  an<Ug>Mid  talents 
have,  with  GimI's  blessing,  wrought  good  sueei-ss  in 
the  JMLst,  and  ensure  it  for  the  future. 

Calliner,  Efifectual.  .Man  does  not  come  to  (i<Kl 
till  he  is  called  by  the  o|M<rations  of  the  Holy  Spirit 
in  his  soul.     The  truth  of  this  doctrine  ap|M'ars  fnim 


CALLIXG,  KFFEVTLAL. 


121 


CALLIXG,  EFFECTVAL. 


the  accounts  given  in  Scripture,  of  the  corrupt  state 
of  mankind  hy  nature.  They  are  said  to  be  not  only 
diwascd  and  weak,  but  to  be  "dead  in  tres]>ass<s and 
sins"  (Eph.  ii,  1);  to  be  not  only  blind,  bnt  '"dark- 
ness" itself  (Kph.  V,  3,  etc.);  to  be  '"natural"  or 
animal  men,  who  "  do  not  receive,  and  cannot  know 
the  things  of  the  Spirit"  (1  Cor.  ii,  14);  to  be  "the 
servants  of  sin  "  (Rom.  vi,  17);  to  be  the  "enemies 
of  God ' '  (Col.  1,21);  who  are  not  and  caimot  be  sub- 
ject to  his  law  (Rom.  \\\\,  "27).  Now,  if  these  things 
are  true,  how  is  it  possible,  according  to  the  doctrine 
of  Pclagius,  adopted  by  Socinians  and  some  of  the 
followers  of  Arniinius,  that  men  have  fiee  "will  to 
good  as  well  as  to  evil ;  that  they  possess  a  degree  of 
moral  power,  which,  by  culture,  may  Lncrea-se  in 
strength,  so  a.s  to  change  the  current  of  their  atfections 
and  actions;  that  with  some  assistance  they  can  work 
out  their  Siilvation  ? 

That  the  grace  of  God,  in  the  application  of  re- 
demption, is  mighty,  may  be  inferred  trom  the  effect. 
It  is  a  change  of  the  whole  man,  of  his  views,  and 
principles,  and  inclinations,  and. pursuits.  Now, 
this  is  a  change  which  no  means  merely  human  have 
ever  been  able  to  acconipli.sh.  Not  to  mention  the 
total  failure  of  philosophy  to  reform  mankind,  or 
even  in  a  single  instance  to  inspire  true  virtue,  we 
may  remark,  that  the  superior  instructions,  and  pre- 
cepts, and  motives  of  Christianity,  although  employed 
with  great  diligence  and  earnestness,  prove  so  often 
inefl'ectual,  a-s  to  coni-ince  every  person  of  reflection 
that,  when  they  do  take  effect,  their  success  should 
be  attributed  to  a  higher  cause  than  their  intrinsic 
excellence,  or  the  eloquence  of  the  teachers.  The 
hand  of  God  is  clearly  seen  in  the  sudden,  command- 
ing and  lasting  impressions  which  are  often  made 
upon  the  mind.  When  the  thoughtless  are  compelled 
to  think,  and  to  think  with  an  intenseness  and  seri- 
ousness which  they  never  formerly  felt;  when  the 
careless  are  in  a  moment  affected  with  a  sense  of 
their  mo.st  important  interests;  when  the  lips  which 
were  acciLstomed  to  hlaspheme  learn  to  pray ;  when  the 
prond  assume  the  lowly  attitude  and  language  of  the 
penitent;  when  those  who  were  devoted  to  the  world 
give  evidence  that  now  the  object  of  their  desires  and 
pursuits  is  a  heavenly  inheritance;  and  when  this 
revolution,  so  wonderful,  h.is  been  effected  by  the 
simple  Word  of  God,  and  by  the  Word  which  the  sub- 
jects of  this  change  had  often  heard  before  unmoved, 
we  must  be  con^-inced  that  some  mighty  influence 
has  been  exerted,  and  that  that  influence  is  divine. 
Here,  if  anywhere,  we  perceive  the  finger  of  God. 
Hence  His  power  is  represented  as  dis])layed  in  the 
success  of  the  gospel.  "  The  Lord  shall  send  the  rod 
of  thy  strength  out  of  Zion;  rule  thou  in  the  midst 
of  thine  enemies.  Thy  people  shall  Iw  willing  in  the 
day  of  thy  jwwer"  (Ps.  c.k,  2,  3). 

Tlie  power  of  God  e.xerted  in  the  regeneration 
anc}  conversion  of  sinners,  is  inducible.  AVe  make 
use  of  this  term  rather  than  the  word   irresistible. 


because,  when  the  latter  is  taken  in  its  natural 
import,  it  does  not  express  what  is  the  fact.  Resist- 
ance is  made  to  the  grace  of  God,  not  only  by  the 
fiually  impenit<'nt,  but  also  by  thosi;  who  ultimately 
yield  to  it.  In  particular,  when  they  iM-gin  to  feel 
convictions  of  sin,  they  often  endeavor  to  sup])ress 
them,  or  resort  to  improper  exjiedieuts  for  relief; 
"going  about,"  for  example,  "to  establish  their  own 
righteousness,  and  not  submitting  to  the  righteou.s- 
ness  of  Grod'' — -Romans  x,  3.  In  these  in.stances, 
they  are  chargeable  with  opposition  to  grace.  Those, 
therefore,  who  .speak  of  irresistible  grace,  mean  that 
it  cannot  be  finally  resisted  ;  that  it  will  overcome 
all  the  efforts  of  corrupt  nature  to  counteract  its 
design  ;  and  that  it  will  ultimately  render  sinners 
obedient  to  tjie  faith.  But  this  idea  is  more  j)roperly 
expres.sed  by  the  term,  in^'incible.  ilan  must  sub- 
mit, in  the  end,  to  the  power  of  God;  and  this  will  be 
the  more  e\ident,  if  we  consider  that  His  power  is 
not  only  sufficient  to  compel  the  most  refractorj-  to 
yield,  although  with  the  greatest  reluctance,  but  that 
it  can  take  away  the  spirit  of  opposition,  and  so 
influence  the  hearts  of  men  that  this  submission 
.shall  be  voluntary. 

Were  we  to  say  that  the  grace  of  God  is  not  invin- 
cible, we  should  be  under  the  necessity  of  adopting 
the  opinion,  which  we  have  already  proved  to  be 
unscriptural,  that  there  is  a  pow^er  in  man  to  comply 
or  not  to  comply  with  the  call  of  the  Gospel.  We 
.should  take  the  work  of  conversion  out  of  the  hand 
of  God,  and  commit  it  to  man  himself  After  God 
had  done  all  that  He  could  do  for  our  salvation,  it 
would  depend  upon  ourselves  whether  the  intended 
effect  should  follow.  Hence  the  resnlt  of  the  dispen- 
sation of  the  Gospel  would  he  altogether  uncertain. 
It  would  not  be  known  beforehand  whether  all  would 
believe,  or  all  would  disobey.  If  the  grace  of  God 
was  effectually  resisted  in  one  case,  it  might  be  effec- 
tually resisted  in  every  case  ;  and,  consequently, 
although  Christ  shed  His  blood  that  He  might  bring 
siimers  to  God,  and  the  whole  economy  of  grace  has 
been  instituted  with  a  view  to  carry  the  design  of  His 
death  into elTect,  it  might  happin  that  not  an  indivi- 
dual of  the  human  race  would  be  .sivved.  The  very 
possibility  of  such  an  issue,  by  which  the  scheme  of 
redemption  would  be  fru.strated,  furni.shes  a  strong 
presumption  in  favor  of  the  doctrine  that  the  grace 
esercLsed  in  the  conversion  of  sinners  is  not  of  such 
an  equivoGil  character  that  it  may  or  may  not 
accomplish  its  design,  but  that  its  operation  is 
mighty  and  efficacious,  bearing  down  all  opposition, 
and  ' '  bringing  into  captivity  every  thought  to  the 
obedience  of  Christ." 

Tlie  great  objection  against  the  invincibility  of 
DiWne  grace  is,  that  it  is  subversive  of  the  lil)erty  of 
the  will.  It  seems  inconceivable,  to  some,  that  a 
man  should  be  free,  and  at  the  s:ime  time  should 
be  infallibly  determined  to  a  particular  purpose. 
But  the  objection  proceeds  ujion  a  misapiirehension  • 


CAWIX. 


122 


CA3fPBELL. 


of  the  mode  of  operation.  The  idea  occurs  of  external 
force,  Ijy  which  a  man  is  compelled  to  do  something 
to  which  he  is  averse.  It  is  not  considered  tliat  tlie 
power  of  {trace  is  not  compulsive;  tluit  it  puts  no 
force  uiKHi  our  minds:  that,  instciul  of  disturhiu)»  our 
mental  constitution,  it  kims  aloun  with  it ;  and  that,  in 
a  manner  at  once  natural  and  su|X'rnatunil,  it  .-wcurc-s 
the  concurrence  of  the  will.  True  lil>erty  consist.s  in 
doing  what  we  do  with  kuowled;;c  and  from  i-hoice; 
and  such  lilierty  is  not  only  consistent  with  conver- 
sion, hut  essential  to  it;  for  if  a  man  turn  to  Got!  at 
all,  he  must  turn  with  his  heart;  Go<l  does  not  lead 
us  to  siilvation  without  consciousness,  like  stones 
transported  from  one  ])l:icc  to  another;  nor  without 
our  consent,  like  .slaves  who  arc  driven  to  their  tjusk 
hy  the  terror  of  punishment.  He  conducts  us  in  a 
maimer  suitahle  to  our  rational  and  moral  nature. 
He  so  illuminates  our  minds  that  we  most  cordially 
concur  with  His  design.  His  power,  althoufjh  able 
to  suhdue  opiMjsition,  is  of  the  mildest  and  most  gentle 
kind,  ^\^lile  He  commands.  He  persuades;  while  He 
draws,  the-  sinner  comes  without  reluctance;  and 
never  in  his  life  is  there  a  fn-er  a<t  of  volition  than 
whenhelKlievcsin  Christ,  and  accepts  of  His.siilvatiou. 

Calvin,  Hon.  Samuel,  was  born  July  30th, 
l"!!,  in  Wa.shin)::ton,  Montour  county.  Pa.  His 
education  w:is  received  chiefly  at  tin-  Milton  -Vcademy. 
For  a  time  he  tiiught  school.  Sub.se(|uently  he  w:vs 
intrusted  with  the  charge  of  Huntingdon  Aaulemy, 
applying  all  his  leisure  time  to  the  study  of  law.  In 
ls:56  he  was  admitted  to  the  Bar,  rising  rapidly  in 
his  profe,s.sion  and  in  public  estimation.  In  1H4.'^  he 
Wiis  elected  to  t'ongre.ss,  serving  one  term,  and  de- 
clining a  re-nomination.  He  h:us  weupied  many 
offices  of  local  res|>onsibility,  and  w;is  select<>d  totfill 
a  vacancy  in  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  IflTi-:!, 
of  which  body  he  was  a  prominent  and  influential 
member.  Mr.  Calvin  is  a  lawyer  of  very  decided 
ability.  He  was  brought  up  in  the  Presbyterian 
faith,  til  which  he  still  adheres.  His  present  resi- 
dence is  Hollidaysburg,  Pa.,  where  he  is  held  in 
high  esteem. 

Cameron,  Rev.  Archibald,  was  iMirn  in  .Scot- 
land, alnmt  tin-  year  1771  iir  177J,  but  his  parents 
emigrated  to  AnuTieji  when  he  wius  in  his  infancy. 
He  spent  a  year  or  more  at  the  "Tran.sylvania  Semi- 
nary," now  "Transylvania  University,"  and  sul>sc- 
quently  completed  his  literary  course  at  lijinLstown, 
under  Dr.  .T;unes  PriestUy.  He  studied  tln-olog_v 
under  the  direction  of  the  Rev.  David  Rice,  at  Dan- 
ville, and  was  licen.sed  to  preach  the  gos]M-l  by  the 
Transylvania  Presbytery,  February  1  Itli,  17!».">.  On 
the  2(1  of  .June,  17!l(!.  he  was  ordained  ami  installiKl 
over  the  churches  of  .Vkron  and  Fox  Run,  in  Shelby, 
and  Big  Spring,  in  Ncl.son.  For  several  years  his 
lalxirs  were  spread  over  a  very  extensive  field,  now 
o<'c>ipied  by  the  churches  of  Shelbyville,  Mullwrry, 
Si.\  Mile.  Shiloh,  Olivet  and  Big  Spring,  and  embrac- 
•  ing  a  ciri-iiit  of  front   thirty  to  fnrty  miles.     These 


churches,   with  the  exception  oC   Big  Spring,   were 

organized  and  built  up  through  his  instrumentality; 
he  also  organized  the  churches  of  Cane  Run  and 
Pennsylvania  Hun,  in  Jefferson  county.  For  many 
years  he  wa-s  the  only  Presbyterian  minister  in  this 
wi<le  extent  of  country,  to  supply  which  he  lalwred 
with  indi-l'atigable  indiLStry  an<l  perseverance,  travel- 
ing through  a  wilderne.s.s,  in  the  most  inclement 
sea.son.s,  and  often  l»eiug  obliged  to  swim  the  swollen 
streams,  to  fullill  his  appointments.  He  found  it 
necessary  to  contract  his  labors,  from  time  to  time, 
within  a  narrower  field,  and  from  1828  until  near  the 
close  of  life,  he  devoted  himself  to  the  churches  of 
Shelbyville  and  MullK'rry.  Here  he  had  a  long  and 
interesting  term  of  service,  it  iK'ing  altogether  more 
than  forty  years.      He  died  Decemlx-r  4th,  l83(>. 

Mr.  Cameron  w;is  an  able,  earnest  and  elfective 
pr<'aclier.  He  was  a  rii>e  scholar  in  all  that  fitted 
him  to  interpret  the  Scriptures.  His  mind  w;us  cast 
in  the  finest  mould,  and  its  distinctive  characteristic-s 
were  strength,  originality  and  discrimination.  He 
wivs  regarded  :ls  decidedly  a  leader  in  the  Synod,  and 
next  to  that  illustrious  pioneer,  the  Rev.  D-.ivid  Rice, 
he  was  the  lUtlur  of  Presbyterianism  in  Kentucky. 

Cameron,  Henry  Clay,  D.  D.,  was  Ixirn  in 
Sheplienlstown,  Va.,  SeptcmlKr  l.st,  1827.  Hegrailu- 
atcd  at  the  College  of  New  Jersey  in  1847;  was 
tciicher  for  a  time;  Princip:il  of  "  Edgehill,"  Prince- 
ton, N.  J.,  1851;  Tutor  in  New  Jersey  College, 
1852-5;  Adjunct  and  Associate  Professor  of  Greek  in 
the  same  In.stitution,  18,V>-<>1;  was  ordained  an  evan- 
geli.st  by  the  Presbytery  of  Philadelphia,  February 
1st,  lso;j;  w:is  lastructor  in  French  in  New  Jersey 
College,  18.J!)-7(I;  Libnirian  of  the  College,  1805-72; 
and  wius  elected  Prole,s.sor  of  Greek  there  in  1801. 
Professor  Cameron  is  a  gentleman  of  culturtHl 
manner,  agreeable  address,  and  scholarly  ability. 
He  is  of  good  Presbyterian  stock,  having  both 
Covenanting  aiul  Huguenot  blood  in  his  veins.  The 
Rev.  Archibald  Cameron,  notitvd  in  the  preceding 
sketch,  almost  the  founder  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  in  Kentucky,  was  a  cousin  of  Profi-s-sor 
Cameron's  grandfather.  They  arrived  in  this  country 
together,  In-fore  the  Revolution,  Archibald  Cameron 
iK'ing,  however,  almost  an  infant.  Professor  Cam- 
eron's great-gnmdfather  and  one  of  his  brothers  were 
in  the  battle  of  Culloden,  on  the  side  of  "Prince 
Charlie."  The  father  of  An-hilKild  Oimeron,  and 
the  grandfather  of  Gi-ner.il  Simon  Cameron,  of  Penn- 
sylvania, were  the  two  brothers  who  did  not  join  in 
the  RelH-Uion  of  1745. 

Campbell,  Allan  Ditchfleld,  D.  D.,  was  imrn 
atChorlcy,  in  I,an(-;i.shire,  Kngland.  .March  l.")th.  17!tl. 
and  at  an  early  age  h-t^  CJreat  Itriudn  with  his  father 
aiul  mother,  who  settletl  in  B:iltimorc.  He  gradu- 
ated at  the  University  of  Penn.sylvania,  in  Phila- 
delphia. In  1815  he  was  licens<sl  by  the  PresbytiTy 
of  Philadelphia,  of  the  As.s»KMate  Relbrmed  Chun-h. 
and  wxs  by  that  IhhIv  appointed   to  preach    in  the 


CAMPBELL. 


123 


CAMPBELL. 


vacant  churches  in  Western  Pennsylvania,  adjoining 
Pittsburg.  Soon  afterward,  he  joined  the  Presbvtery 
of  Redstone,  of  the  Preshj-terian  Church.  Removing 
to  Tennes.see  in  ISid,  he  became  i)a.'<tor  of  the  First 
Presbyterian  Church  of  Xiishvillc,  \Vliere  for  seven 
years  he  prosecuted  his  JIaster's  work,  amid  many 
difficulties  and  much  suffering  from  frequent  attacks 
of  illness.  He  returned  to  Pennsylvania  in  the 
Spring  of  1827,  and  in  the  Fall  of  1828  the  family 
removed  to  their  plea.s;int  home  overlooking  the  Ohio 
River  near  Pittsburg,  where  he  breathed  his  last, 
September  2(lth,  1861,  uttering,  in  a  voice  of  great 
firmness,  as  he  departed,  "  I  know  whom  I  have  be- 
lieved." 

Dr.  Campbell  was  deeply  interested  in  the  found- 
ing of  the  Western  Theological  Seminary,  at  Alle- 
gheny. He  went  to  England  and  Scotland  to  collect 
a  library  for  the  lastitution,  and  secured  upwards  of 
two  thousand  volumes.  After  several  years  of  great 
exertion,  as  General  Agent  of  the  Seminary,  and  iis 
Instructor  in  it  of  Church  Government  and  Discipline, 
the  cynnection  terminated,  in  l'^40,  but,  to  the  end 
of  his  life,  he  wa.s  the  unflinching  friend  of  the  Insti- 
tution. Dr.  Campbell  was  an  earnest  man  in  his 
profession.  Of  his  preaching  it  might  be  said,  "  the 
common  people  heard  him  gladly."  He  was  a  true 
patriot,  and  was  exceedingly  liberal  and  hospitable. 
Many  a  theological  student  and  poor  minister  were 
the  recipients  of  his  bounty.  Many  cherish  his 
memory  with  affection. 

Campbell,  Alfred  Elderkin,  D.  D.,  born  in 
January,  1S(I2,  w;is  the  oldest  son  of  James  S.  Camp- 
bell, Es<j.,  of  Cherry  Valley,  X.  Y.  He  graduated 
from  Union  College  in  1820,  and  studied  theology  at 
Princeton.  His  first  settlement  was  at  Worcester, 
Otsego  county,  N.  Y.,  and  his  subsequent  settle- 
ments were  in  Newark  and  Palmyra,  in  Ithaca,  and 
in  Cooperstown,  in  the  last  of  which  places  he 
remained  for  twelve  years,  in  favor  with  God  and 
man.  He  was  p:ustor  of  the  Spring  Street  Church, 
New  York,  1848-.'>~,  and  Secretary  of  the  Americ;in 
and  Foreign  Christian  Union,  1858-67.  He  died 
December  2Sth,  1874.  Dr.  Campbell  was  a  man 
of  action,  impelled  to  it  by  forces  within  himself,  and 
led  to  the  hvst  movements  and  measures  by  intention 
and  instinct.  His  pulpit  prep;irations  were  generally 
jiopular,  but  more  from  the  free  outflow  of  his  heart 
than  from  the  laborious  e.xerci.se  of  his  mind.  A 
gintlcnianin  himself  and  brought  up;is  a  gentleman, 
he  graced  and  gratified  the  social  circle,  and  hisgeuuine 
kindne.ss,  sympathy  and  love  of  souls  endeared  him  to 
a  parish  and  made  him  a  blessing  to  it.  He  recog- 
nized the  claims  uix)n  him  of  hLs  Denomination  and 
of  the  Church  at  large,  and  of  the  public  in  general, 
and  actively  p;irticipated  in  ecclesi;>sticiil  proceedings 
and  in  movements  for  moral  reform  and  the  common 
welfare.  His  benevolence  was  expansive,  and  suit- 
ing his  actions  to  his  prayers,  he  sought  the  doing  of 
God's  will  on  earth  as  in  he;iven. 


Campbell,  JohnN.,  D.D.,  was  bom  in  Phila- 
delphia, Pa.,  March  4th,  1798;  was  a  student  in  the 
University  of  Pennsj'lvania,  and  subsequently  be- 
came, for  a  time,  teacher  of  the  languages  in  Hamp- 
den Sidney  College,  Va.  He  w;is  licenst-d  to 
preach  by  the  fte-sbj-tery  of  Hanover,  May  loth, 
1817,  and  preached  for  some  time  in  Petersburg,  Va., 
also  in  Xewbern,  X.  C,  where  he  was  instrumental 
in  est;ibli.shing  the  First  Presb.vterian  Church.  In 
1820  he  was  chosen  Chaplain  to  Congress,  and  dis- 
charged the  duties  of  the  position  with  unusual  accept- 
ance. He  afterwards  spent  two  or  three  years  in 
Virginia.  He  became,  in  1823,  the  a.ssistant  of  Dr. 
Balch,  of  Georgetown,  D.  C,  and  continued  so  from 
one  to  two  years.  In  December,  1828,  he  took  charge 
of  the  Xew  York  Avenue  Church,  in  Washington, 
D.  C,  where  his  great  popularity  very  soon  crowded 
their  pjace  of  worship.  In  January,  1825,  he  was 
elected  one  of  the  Managers  of  the  American  C'oloni- 
ziition  Society,  and  very  ably  and  efficiently  dis- 
charged the  duties  of  the  office  for  about  si.x  years. 
He  died  March  27th,  1864. 

Dr.  Campbell's  character,  in  respect  to  its  predomi- 
nant qualities,  both  intellectual  and  moral,  was 
strongly  marked.  His  mind  was  uncommonly  versa- 
tile; with  a  firmness  that  never  yielded,  he  united  a 
frankness  that  loathed  dissimulation.  He  had  always 
an  open  heart  and  hand,  according  to  his  ability,  for 
administering  to  the  wants  of  the  jxior  and  sufl'ering. 
His  remarkable  executive  power,  in  connection  with 
his  great  familiarity  with  ecelesi3stic;xl  rule,  gave 
him  a  decided  influence  in  the  councils  of  the  Church, 
so  far  as  he  mingled  with  them. 

Campbell,  Joseph,  D.  D.,  was  born  in  Omagh, 
County  of  T\Toue,  Ireland,  in  the  year  1776.  He 
came  with  his  parents  to  America  in  1797.  For  two 
or  three  years  he  had  charge  of  a  school  at  Cran- 
bury,  X.  J.  In  1801  he  opened  an  English  and 
Classical  School  at  Princeton.  He  was  licensed  to 
preach  by  the  Presbrtery  of  Xew  Brunswick,  October 
[  5th.  1808.  In  1809  he  became  pastor  of  the  Presby- 
j  terian  Church  in  Hackettstown,  X.  J.,  where  he 
continued  laboring  with  great  acceptance  and  success 
for  nearly  thirty  years.  In  1833  he  accepted  a  call 
to  the  pastoral  charge  of  the  churches  in  Mllford 
and  Kingwood,  X.  J.  He  died  September  6th,  1840. 
His  remains  were  removed  for  burial  to  Hackettstown, 
and  the  people  of  both  his  charges  met  at  his  funeral 
and  mingled  in  a  common  lamentation. 

Dr.  Campbell  was  a  most  faithful  pastor,  and  greatly 
beloved  by  all  the  churches  of  the  large  Presbytery 
of  Xewton,  and  respected  and  honored  by  the  whole 
Synod  of  Xew  Jersey.  He  was  a  popular  and  most 
successful  minister  of  the  gospel.  He  was  always 
found  among  the  friends  of  order  and  law.  He  pro- 
moted all  philanthropic  movements.  He  sustained 
the  Boards  of  the  Church,  and  was  the  untiring  friend 
of  sch(H)ls  an<l  colleges.  He  sought  out  and  educated 
promising  young  men  for  the  ministry.     He  was  a 


CAilPHELL. 


124 


CAMPBELL. 


great  iH,-a<-c-niak»T.  Those  who  kiiiw  liiiii  well  in 
private  could  ti'stily  that  he  was  a  devout  man.  In 
the  j  udi<'atories  of  the  Cliurth,  few  were  more  ]irom])t, 
judicious,  or  ellieient  than  he.  It  may  1h'  ju.stly  .siid 
of  him,  tli:it  he  was   "a  nuLster  in  Israel." 

Campbell,  Rev.  Robert  K.,  now  of  South 
Sulem,  O.,  wius  lx)rn  in  Washington  county,  Pa., 
May  (jtli,  IKC  He  was  brouf^ht  lip  in  connection 
with  the  Associate  Keformed  Church.  He  gra<luat*-d 
at  .TetTerson  College,  in  18.V2,  and  received  hi.s  the- 
ological training  at  Allegheny  City,  Pa.,  and  at 
Oxford,  O.  He  wiis  liceii.s<;d  by  the  First  \.  R. 
Presbytery  of  Ohio,  in  April,  185."),  and  ordained  by 
the  same  Prcsbj-tery,  in  August,  1(*56.  He  was  jkis- 
tor  of  the  Sycjimore  Church,  near  Cincinnati,  for 
nine  years,  then  of  the  U.  P.  Church,  in  Greenfield, 
O.,  for  five  years.  In  186!)  he  transferred  his  ecclesi- 
a.stical  connection  to  the  Presbyterian  Churrh,  and 
in  the  following  year  was  .settleil  as  pastor  over  the 
large  and  influential  Cliunli  of  .South  Salem,  in  the 
Presbytery  of  Cliillicothe,  a  chun-li  that  he  still 
serves  most  Ms<'fully  and  acceptiibly.  Mr.  Camp- 
bell is  a  giMxl  preacher,  clear  and  )H>inte4l,  and  in  his 
pre]iaration  for  the  pulpit  is  very  careful  and  pains- 
taking. .\s  a  p;iHt<)r  he  is  diligent  and  faithful.  As 
a  Presbyter  he  ha-s  much  influence,  on  account  of  his 
candor  and  gooil  judgment,  and  high  .scns<Mif  probity 
aud  conscicutiinisncss. 


riAviri.  Mis'OH  CAMrnMLi.,  p.p. 

Campbell,  Samuel  Minor,  D.  D.,  was  Ixirn  in 
CamplM-ll,  .'stiiilMii  county,  N.  V.,  ,Iune  1st,  IS-J.'!. 
HLs  iineestorH  were  Scol<'li,  ami  were  the  first  si-ttlers 
of  the  town  of  CamplM-ll.  He  grailuated  at  rnink- 
lin    .\cadem.v,    I'lattsbnrg.    N.    Y.,    and    at    .\uburn 


Tlieological  S<-minary,  in  1849,  and  was  ordained 
and  installed  at  Paris  Hill,  N.  Y.,  by  the  Oneiila 
Asso«iati<in,  DeeemlM-r  20th,  l^jt).  He  ])reached  iu 
Danville,  N.  Y.,  l-d7-"<;  was  jia-stor  of  the  Westmin- 
ster Presbyterian  Church,  Utii-a,  18,>>i-<>f):  of  the 
Central  Presbyterian  Church,  Koehester,  If'GC-t'l. 
In  1881  he  t<x)k  charge  of  the  First  I'resbyterian 
Church,  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  which  is  his  present 
field  of  lalxir.  In  lf<78  he  was  sent  by  the  tk-neral 
As.sembl,v,  as  a  delegate,  to  the  Pan-Presbjterian 
Council  at  Kdinburgh.  Bi-sides  iK-ing  a  fre<|ueiit 
contributor  to  the  religious  and  si-cular  i)res.s,  ami 
publishing  occasional  sermoiLs,  he  Ii:ls  pnbli.slied 
.several  de-servedl.v  popular  volumes  :  "  Across  the 
Desert,  a  Life  of  Moses"  (.1'^-).  """'l  "  Tl''-"  ^torj-  of 
Creation"  (18T7). 

Dr.  Campbell  has  filled  several  of  the  most  ini- 
iwrtant  pulpits  in  the  Presbyterian  Church,  with 
rare  ability  and  succe.s.s.  His  iKj]>ularity  has  never 
been  ephemeral  or  sen.sational,  but  will-l'ounded  aud 
abiding.  He  is  a  clear,  suggestive  and  indejx'ndent 
thinker,  asiug  apt  illu.stration.s,  ami  luis  a  simple, 
cn.sp  and  incisive  .style.  He  has  a  terse,  ]Hiinted,  jirae- 
ticid  and  common-sen.se  way  of  putting  things,  which 
commends  itself  to  the  judgment  of  his  hearers, 
gaiiLS  their  as.sent,  and  carries  them  with  him.  Per- 
.sonall.v  he  has  a  magnetism  of  manner  whicli  wins 
and  puts  at  ease,  and  iussures  of  friendship.  .Vs  a 
pa-stor,  he  is  constant  in  kindly  ministnitions,  and 
posse.s.ses  the  conlidi'iu'c  and  afl'ection  of  his  jk-ojiIi'. 
Dr.  CamplK'll  is  much  sought  for  on  sjMcial  oce^Lsions, 
and  is  very  liapp.v  in  revivals.  He  is  also  estt-enuil 
a  wi.s*' leader  and  counsellor  in  ecclesixstiinil  bodies, 
where  his  influence  is  very  elVective. 

Campbell,  Rev.  'Williani  Q-raham,  son  of 
.Vlexandcr  and  .lane  ^Slnitll)  CamplMll,  wxs  Iiorn  in 
Hockbridge  county,  Va..  July  "JTth,  17!»!).  He  was 
graduated  I'rom  \V;i.s|iington  College,  Vu.,  \.  D.  l>-2,">; 
aflerwarilss|Kiit  one  .s».ssiim  :us  a  Tutor  in  that  coUegi'; 
entered  Princetim  Seminary  in  the  Kail  of  ISi")  aud 
spent  there  one  year,  in  study.  He  was  lii-eased  by 
Lexington  Pre.sbyt»'ry,  OctolKT  i'W,  18iG,  ami  was 
t>riLiincd  an  evangelist  by  the  same  Presbyterj-,  April 
•JGtli,  18-J8.  Alter  lieeiLsure  he  supplieil  the  Chun-Ii 
at  Chri.stiansburg,  Va.  (which  he  Ix'gan),  and  at  the 
siuni'  time  taught  a  sehiMil  in  that  place.  He  next 
labored,  from  \<.W  to  HIl,  as  a  mi.ssionary  iu  lireeii- 
brier  aud  PiH-.diont;us  iHrnuties,  Va.,  supplying  the 
churches  of  Spring  Crifk,  .\nthony's  Creek,  Little 
Levels  (now  Oak  Grove),  and,  <me  year,  al.so  Mt. 
Carmel.  From  18-11  to  Hi:i  he  wiis  stat<il  .■'upidy 
at  Warm  Springs,  Viw  He  then  becsime  ]Kistor  of 
Shenuirinh  Church,  over  which  he  was  iustalU-d  by 
l>exingt<m  Prt-sbytery,  .Vugtist  2-llh,  18^11,  and  from 
whi<-h  he  wius  rele!Lse<l  May  .Id,  18."i<».  I'rom  K>0 
until  18."i7  he  resided  at  Stauntim,  Va.,  )>reaching 
and  teaching;  then  from  K)7  to  18.">!)  he  n-sided  at 
.S:disbury,  N.  C,  having  charge  of  an  aciidem.v  for 
girls  and  preaching  in  a<lj:ieent  ehun-hi's  as  he  had 


CAMPBELL. 


125 


CAEillCHAKL. 


opportimity.  From  1859  until  1865  lie  w;is  stated 
sujiiily  to  Lebanon  C'huivli,  Va.  From  1806  until 
his  death  he  resided  at  Harri.s(m1)nrg,Va.,  and  alter 
many  years  of  lecblc  health  died  at  that  place, 
Aufciist  2d,  1881,  of  old  age,  in  his  eiglity-tliird  year, 
at  the  last  making  a  clear  confession  of  his  faith  in 
Christ  as  his  Redeemer,  and  dying  a.  most  peaceful 
tleath.  He  was  an  able  preacher  of  the  Word,  and 
liis  labors  everywhere  were  greatly  blessed,  being  in 
many  of  his  fields  much  enhanced  by  his  tact  and 
ability  as  a  teacher. 

Campbell,  "William  H.,  an  elder  of  the  First 
Presliyteriaii  Church,  Washington,  D.  C,  was  born  in 
XewljuryiKirt,  Mass.,  JIarch  26th,  1800,  and  died  in 
Georgetown,  B.  C,  May  21st,  1881.  Jlr.  Cami)bell 
w;us,  for  two  years,  a  clerk  in  a  store  in  Portland, 
Maine,  where,  under  the  ministry  of  the  Kev.  Dr. 
Payson,  he  received  some  of  his  earliest  and  deepest 
religious  impressions.  In  1817  he  engaged  in  busi- 
ness in  Kielimond,  Ya.,  and  in  1S20  joined  the  First 
Pre.sljyterian  Church  of  that  city,  of  the  Sabbath 
School  of  wliieh  he  wits  for  .some  time  superintendent. 
In  1828  he  established  himself  in  business  in  Washing- 
ton, and  connected  himself  with  the  First  Presbyterian 
Church,  and  accepted  the  office  of  Superintendent 
of  the  Sabbath  School,  in  which  relation  he  stood  for 
some  twenty -two  years.  In  1840,  he  was  elected  a 
ruling  elder  of  the  Church,  and  continued  so  until 
his  death,  faithfullj'  and  acceptably  discharging  the 
duties  of  his  position. 

Mr.  Campbell  was  a  truly  exemplary  Christian. 
He  acted  ever  as  a  steward  of  the  goods  which  God  i 
bestowed.  He  gave  liberally  in  response  to  the 
various  claims  of  Christian  charity.  He  was  as  faith- 
ful a  man  in  all  his  relations  as  is  likely  to  be  found 
in  the  midst  of  human  imperfection.  In  the  domes- 
tic sphere  he  was  a  model  of  affection,  and  by  pre- 
cept and  example  taught  his  loved  ones  the  way  to 
heaven.  He  was  kind,  courteous,  upright,  a  man  of 
singular  probity,  of  great  good  sense  and  practical 
wisdom.  He  was  clear-sighted  and  pinictilious  in  all 
business  affairs.  He  kept  his  promises  and  con-  j 
strained  men  to  keep  theirs  ;  but  he  was  the  soul  of ! 
honor  and  of  honesty  in  all  things.  Though  he  had 
great  devotion  for  his  own  home  church,  yet  he  had 
a  wide,  deep  sympathy  for  the  cause  of  Christ  every- 
where, and  in  every  form,  and  no  one  felt  more 
delight  than  he  in  the  ordinances  of  the  s;inctuary 
and  the  prosperity  of  the  Redeemer's  kingdom. 

Canfleld,  'William  B.,  was  born  in  the  State  of 
Connecticut,  in  the  year  1809,  and  in  earlv  life 
removed  to  Baltimore,  5Id.  Here,  together  ^vith  his 
brother,  he  established  one  of  the  largest  jewelry 
stores  in  the  State.  Several  years  previous  to  his 
death,  which  occurred  January  10th,  1833,  he  was 
compelled,  by  failing  health,  to  withdraw  from  all 
active  business  pursuits.  In  1850  he  w;is  elected  a 
meftiber  of  the  Board  of  ilanagers  of  the  Maryland 
Bible  Society;  and  in  1S.59  was  chosen  vice-president 


of  the  Board,  which  jMisition  he  filled  to  the  time  of 
his  death.  For  more  than  forty  years  he  was  a  mem- 
Ijer  of  the  Fii-st  Presbyterian  Church  of  Baltimore. 
For  thirty-five  years  he  was  a  ruling  elder  in  that 
church,  and    during   the  same   jK-riod  was  supcrin- 

,  tendent  of  the  Sabbath  School. 

In  all  religious  duties  Mr.  Canfield  manifested 
singular  devotion  and  zeal.  One  intimately  asso- 
ciated with  him  in  Church  work  writes,  "  He  was  not 
only  ready  at  all  times,  but  also  watchful  for  ojipor- 
tunities  to  do  his  part  in  every  kind  of  service  ;  judi- 
cious in  counsel,  tender  in  sympathy,  and  benevolent 
in  deeds."  Rev.  Dr.  Backus,  for  many  years  his 
pa.stor,  speaks  of  him  as  having  been  a  model  elder — 
prudent,  active,  wise,  tilled  with  the  Spirit,  his 
Master's  work  consuming  a  large  portion  of  his  time, 
his  energy,  and  his  solicitude. 

Camion,  Rev.  John  F.,  was  born  in  Cabarnis 
county,  N.  C,  January  3d,  1851;  graduated  at 
Davidson  College,  N.  C,  in  1869;  spent  the  following 
3'ear  in  study  at  the  University  of  Virginia;  after- 
wards took  the  full  course  of  study  at  Union  Theo- 
logical Seminary,  Prince  Edward  county,  Va.  He 
was  licensed  by  Mecklenburg  Presbytery,  May  20th, 
1873,  and  transferred  to  Chesajieake  Presbytery,  to 
take  the  pastoral  charge  of  Leesburg  Church,  in 
Loudon  county,  Va.  He  was  ordained  and  installed 
pastor  of  Leesburg  Church  in  October,  1873,  and  con- 
tinued in  this  charge  for  nearly  eight  years,  develop- 
ing most  admirable  qualities,  as  pastor,  preacher  and 
presbyter. 

I  In  April,  1881,  he  was  transferred  to  the  pastoral 
charge  of  the  Church  of  Shelbyvillc,  Teun.,  in  which 
he  continues  to  the  present  time  (1883).  The  quali- 
ties developed  in  his  Leesburg  charge  have  been  more 
fully  brought  out  in  his  present  larger  one.  His 
early  ministry  was  remarkably  characterized  by. sound 
judgment  and  wisdom  in  the  various  exigencies  of 
the  work.  His  fine  personal  appearance  and  great 
dignity  of  manner  preiK)ssess  in  his  favor,  and  the 
expectations   thus   rai.sed   are  well  answered  in  the 

j  calm  and  cle;ir,  but  full  and  forcible  presentation  of 
richest  gospel  truths  in  his  preaching.  His  very 
careful  habits  of  study  and  preparation  give  promise 
of  still  larger  development  of  power  in  his  ministry. 
Mr.  Cannon  was  a  Commissioner  from  Clicsapeake ' 
Presbytery  to  the  C^neral  Assembly  in  New  Orleans, 
in  1877. 

Carmichael,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  the  town  of 
TarlxTt,  in  Argj'leshire,  .'>eotlaud,  October  17th,  1728. 
His  parents  migrated  to  this  country  in  the  year 
1737.  He  graduated  at  the  College  of  New  Jersey 
in  Augu.st,  1759;  studied  theology  at  Princeton,  under 
the  direction  of  the  Rev.  Samuel  Davies,  who  had 
then  become  Presidentof  the  College,  and  was  licensed 
to  preach  by  the  Presbj-tery  of  Xew  Brunswick, 
Jlay  8th,  1760.  On  April  21st,  1761,  he  was  or<lained 
to  the  work  of  the  ministry,  and  installed  pastor  of 
the   Church   of  the   Forks  of  Brandywine,  Chester 


C.lJi.\AUAX. 


12C 


CABOTHKBS. 


county.  Pa.  This  connection  continued  '  until  the 
close  of  hia  lile.  Hi«  ctrath.  w luVli oicurred  Novem- 
Ikt  ITitli,  ITH.'),  was  a  wi'iie  of  uiuomnioii  trimnph, 
and  the  hist  expression  tliat  fell  fnim  bis  lii)S  was — 
"  Uli  tlLit  I  liad  a  tlioiisimd  tougui-s,  that  I  might 
cnii>lo_v  them  all  in  inviting;  sinners  to  Christ." 

ilr.  C'arniieliael  w:ls  an  eminently  devout  and 
earnest  Christian,  as  well  as  an  uncommonly  Ial)o- 
rious  and  faithful  niiniirter.  The  Rev.  Dr.  .J.  X.  0. 
Grier,  whose  father  as  well  as  himself  were  succes- 
sors of  Jlr.  Carmiehael  at  Brandywine  Manor,  says 
of  him:  "lie  was  an  eloijuent  man,  in  his  day, 
and  mighty  in  the  .Scriptures."  He  w;»s  a  man  of 
anient  fwlings,  and  what  he  did,  he  did  witli  his 
niijiht.  He  w;ls  the  jKistor  of  this  con^efpition 
durin<;  the  whole  of  the  (jreat  Ameriean  devolution, 
and,  like  most  of  the  I'reshjterian  cler;n,-nien  of  tlmt 
day,  lie  espoused  the  cause  of  his  country,  like  one 
who  would  rather  perish  hattlinjj;  for  freedom,  than 
live  a  slave.  He  was  Ion;;  sjiarcd  to  the  all'eetions 
and  prayers  of  his  ])e'ople,  going  in  and  out  Ijefore 
tliem  as  a  hurning  and  a  shining  light,  breaking  to 
them  the  breail  of  life,  and  being  an  example  to  the 
flcH-k  over  whirli  the  Holy  ti host  had  made  him  an 
overseer,  ever  calling  uixin  them  to  Ik-  followers  of 
him,  even  as  he  also  w:i3  of  Christ.  The  congre- 
gation incrciised  under  his  ministry,  which  lasted 
about  twenty-four  years.  He  died  greatly  respected 
ami  deeply  lamented  by  his  i)eo])le,  and  having  in 
all  the  eburehcs  of  his  Presbytery  the  reputation  of 
a  man  thoroughly  furnished  for  his  work,  one  who 
needed  not  to  be  ashamed,  Ix'cause  he  rightly  divideil 
the  word  <if  truth." 

Oamahan,  James,  D.  D.,  the  son  of  Miyor 
Carnalian,  of  the  lievolutionary  army,  was  bom 
in  Carlisle,  Pa.,  in  177."i.  He  graduated  with  the 
highest  honors,  at  Princeton  (IHtH)),  speaking  the 
JOnglish  .-salutatory  at  Commencement.  For  one 
yejir  after  his  gniduation  he  .studied  theology  under 
Dr.  McMillan,  at  Canonsbnrg.  Pa.,  alter  which  he 
returned  to  Princeton.  iH'coming  Tutor  in  the  college, 
and  pursning  his  theological  studies  under  Pre-siilent 
Smith.  In  .Vpril,  I'^IM,  he  w:is  liceu-sed  by  the 
Pri-sbytcry  of  New  Brunswick,  and  supplied  the 
vacant  churches  in  the  )>ouiuls  of  that  Presbrtery  for 
some  time.  t>n  the  .">th  of  .January,  If^tl.'i,  he  was 
ordained  pastor  of  Whitcsborough  and  I'tiui  ehurelu-s, 
in  New  York,  where  he  remaimil  until  1^11,  when, 
on  aci-onnt  of  the  st4ite  of  his  heallli,  tie  ri'signed  this 
charge,  and  aft<'r  ti-aeliing  for  a  short  time  in  Prini-e- 
ton,  X.  .1..  removed  to  tiisirgetown,  IJ.  ('..  and  ojM'Ucd 
a  Cliissieal  .\eademy,  which  soon  In-eame  i|uite  pros- 
jH'rous. 

In  iH-i'l  Dr.  Carnahan  was  elected  l^rcsident  of  ' 
Princeton  College,  Dr.  tJreen  having  resigned  the 
year  iK'fore.  He  remained  in  this  eminent  post  for 
thirty  years,  pn-siding  with  dignity  and  honor.  Hut 
in  l-.Vl,  failing  heallli  and  llie  iiiere;>siiig  iiilirmities 
of  age  cum|M-lled   him    to    resign.       He    remained   a  , 


member  of  the  Board  of  TrtLstees  till  hU  death.  He 
died  at  his  ."!rm-»B-kk>i"s,  in  Xewark,  March  3d,  1KV9. 
Till-  college  had  never  reaelu-d  a-sjirviit  prosperity  its 
during  the  time  which  Dr.  Carmihan  presided  over 
it. 

I  Dr.  Carnahan  published  a  number  of  Baccalaureate 
.\ddres.si-3  and  wriiion.s,  and  some  articles  in  the 
ciirlier  niimlKTS  of  the  Princeton  Rerinr;  he  also 
edited  the  Life  of  the  Key.  John  Johnson,  of 
Xewburgh,  Xew  York,  in  I'^Hi.  Though  a  forcible 
writer,  with  great  perspicuity  of  style,  he  wi»s  very 
reluctant  to  apin-ar  as  an  author,  so  much  so,  that  he 
expressly  .stated  ill  his  will  tluit  none  of  his  lectures 
or  other  maiiuscriiits  should  Im.-  publi.slu-d.  Jlis 
funeral  took  place  in  Princeton,  and  his  ditst  mingles 
with  the  dust  of  the  mighty  dead  of  Xius.s;iu  Hall. 

Carothers,  Rev.  James  Neely,  w;ls  the  eldest 
son  of  Hon.  John  Carothers  aud  Mary  (Hope) 
Carothers,  and  was  liorn  in  Union  county,  S.  C,  on 
the  l.'itli  of  XovemlK-r,  l^t).^.  He  gr.uliuite«l  at  \V:ls1i- 
ington  College,  Teiin.,  in  l-t-Jli,  ami  whui  altcrwiirds 
engiiged  in  teaching  a  cla.ssif;il  scIuhiI  in  Me.s«))Mitamia 
(now  Eiitaw),  Ala.  He  studied  theologj-  under  the 
direction  of  Kev.  John  H.  Gray,  li.  I>.,  aud  w:i8 
licen.si'd  to  jireach  the  gosjM'l  by  the  I'resbj'tery  of 
South  Alalxima,  in  18:Sll.  His  lirst  p:Lstoral  charge 
was  Centreville,  in  Bibb  county,  Ala.,  where  he 
remained  a  few  years,  and  rcturiuHl  to  his  former 
home,  ill  Greene  county,  and  preachiHl  at  Eutiiw  and 
Clinton  until  1^<47,  when  lie  removetl  to  Houston, 
Chiek;i.s;iw  county.  Miss.,  where  for  several  years  he 
had  charge  of  the  Female  C<illege  in  that  Jihiee.  He 
wius  installed  jKLstor  of  Friendship  Church,  ill  l"sV2, 
which  relation  Iuls  been  uninterruptedly  iiiaiiitained 
until  the  present  time  (1S83),  he  having  now  lal>ored 
most  acceptably  aud  elUeiently  in  the  same  field  fur 
the  unusual  jK-riod  of  more  than  thirty  years. 

Mr.  Carothers  is  a  man  of  genial  nature  and 
attr.ictivc  manners,  and  is  a  forcible  and  |H)pular 
lireaelier,  and  readily  wins  the  hearts  of  tliosi',  Ixitli 
young  and  old,  with  whom  he  comes  in  contact. 
He  wiLs,  for  a  iiumlK-r  of  years,  and  is  now,  the 
only  resident  Presbyterian  miuister  in  Chickasaw 
county,  although  there  are  five  churchi-s  in  the 
county.  Promptness  and  punctuality  in  meeting  all 
ministerial  ap|K)iiitiiieiits.  lus  well  as  in  all  the  busi- 
ness eiig:igeineiit.s  and  transactions  of  life,  have  always 
eliaraeteri/.til  him.  .Vs  apn-acher  he  hits  always  ln-»'n 
iMild  and  vigorous  iu  the  statement  of  Bible  truth 
and  gos|H'I  doctrine,  and  clear  and  snccesslnl  in 
maintaining  and  enforcing  them.  The  pe<iple  of 
his  iKLstor.il  eliarge  have  ever  Ik-cu  greatly  attached 
to  him.  and  they  are  no  less  interesttsl  in  his 
pn-aching  and  in  himself  now,  than  they  were  thirty 
ye;irs  iigo.  He  was  for  many  years  the  .-^tat*"*!  Clerk 
of  his  Pri'sbytery,  and  although  he  ret-ently  resigni'd 
that  othii',  he  continues  to  Ih-  ]uinetual  in  his  atteiid- 
anec  U|m>ii  the  higher  judicatories  of  the  Chnnh. 
GimI   h:is   blessed   him    with    uniform    suii-ess  iu  his 


VAUUTUEliS. 


127 


CARSOX. 


miuistcTiul  and  pastoral  work  ;  and  there  is  no 
apiKirint  dimiuutiim  in  bis  earnest  ze;jl-  and  active 
ell'orts  in  the  service  ot"  bis  divine  Jlaster,  now  that 
he  h;us  almost  reached  the  allotted  ultimatum  of 
niau's  liCe,  iVmr-icore  years. 

Carothers,  Rev.  "W.  W.,  the  son  of  John  and 
Mary  (Hope)  Carothers,  was  born  in  Union  county, 
S.  C,  January  17th,  1819.  After  completing  an 
academic  education  be  taught  school  for  tbrce'or  four 
j'cars,  then  studied  theology,  under  the  direction  of 
Kev.  lioliert  Y.  Iius.sell.  He  was  licensed  to  preach 
ou  the  'ilst  of  Octol)er,  1843,  and  ordained  to  the 
full  work  of  the  ministry  about  a  year  thereafter. 
He  graduated  at  Wiusbiugton  College,  in  East  Ten- 
ne.s.see,  in  1847.  He  then  returned  to  South  Caro- 
lina, and  for  more  than  twenty  years  was  actively 
and  laboriously  engaged  in  preaching  the  gospel,  and 
most  of  the  time  teaching  a  chussical  school.  In  1863 
he  was  Mcnlerator  of  the  Convention  of  the  Inde- 
pendent Presbyterian  Church  at  which  the  union 
between  Siiid  Church  and  the  Old  School  Presbi|-terian 
Church  was  consummated,  and  he  became  a  memljer 
of  Hetliel  Presbytery.  He  had  been  pastor  of  Beth- 
shilo  Church,  in  York  county,  since  1853  (ten  years), 
and  in  1805  Allison  Creek  Church  was  added  to  his 
pastorate.  He  was  greatly  ble.s.sed  in  his  ministry 
there,  and  those  churches  enjoj'ed  repeated  seasons 
of  revival.  He  lalwred  in  that  field  seventeen  years. 
In  February,  1871,  he  was  c;illed  to  Fair\iew  Church, 
in  the  Pre-sbrtery  of  South  Alabama,  and  removed  to 
Perry  county,  Ala.  He  continued  there  six  years, 
and  then  was  called  to  Valley  Creek  and  Mount 
Pleas;int  churches,  near  Selma,  Ala.,  where  he  is 
greatly  beloved,  and  is  now  laboring  faithfully  and 
most  acceptably. 

Oarrick,  Rev.  Samuel,  was  a  native  of  Y'ork, 
county  (now  Adams),  Pa.,  and  was  born  on  July 
17th,  1760.  He  prosecuted  his  studies  in  the  Valley 
of  Virginia,  under  the  Rev.  William  tlraham;  was 
liceiLsed  to  preach  by  Hanover  Presbytery,  October 
25th,  1782,  and  was  or(hiine<l  and  installed  pastor  of 
Rocky  Spring  and  Wahab  Meeting-house,  in  Novem- 
ber, 1783.  On  the  division  of  the  I'rcsbytery,  in  1786, 
Mr.  Carrick  became  a  member  of  the  Lexington 
Presbj'tery.  For  several  years  he  seems  to  have 
divided  his  labors  between  Virginia  and  Tennessee, 
but  he  did  not  settle  permanently  in  Tennessee  till 
about  the  year  1791,  when  he  was  regularly  dismissed 
to  .join  the  Abingdon  Presbytery.  In  {"ebruary. 
1794,  Mr.  Carrick,  by  their  invitation,  preached 
before  the  Territorial  Legislature  in  Knoxville.  The 
same  year  he  w;us  chi5sen,  bv  the  Legislature,  Presi- 
dent of  lilouut  College,  which  office  he  held  till  his 
death.  During  this  whole  period  he  had  the  p;istoral 
charge  of  the  Knoxville  Church,  and  until  1803,  of 
the  Lebanon  Church  also.  Sir.  Carrick  took  great 
interest  in  the  general  cause  of  education.  In  1800 
he/wiLS  chairman  of  a  committee  appointed  by  the 
.General  .Vssembly  to  prepare  a  pastoral  letter  to  the 


churches.  In  the  pulpit  Mr.  Carrick's  raatmer  was 
grave,  dignified  and  solemn.  His  views  of  Divine 
truth  were  clear  and  definite,  and  they  lost  nothing 
by  his  mode  of  exhibiting  tliem.  As  a  preacher  he 
commanded  great  respect  iu  the  community  in  which 
he  laljored.  The  circumst;iuces  of  liLs  death  were  im- 
pressive and  st;irtliug.  It  Wiis  the  se:uson  for  the 
sacramental  meeting  in  his  church.  He  had  spent 
much  of  the  preceding  night  iu  preparatorj-  thought 
and  study.  Very  early  in  the  morning  he  was 
seized  with  aiwplexy,  and  in  a  few  moments  his 
spirit  hud  taken  its  upward  flight. 

Carroll,  Daniel  L.,  D.  D.,  wxs  boru  iu  Fayette 
county,  Pa.,  May  10th,  1797.  .\fter  surmounting 
great  difficulties  iu  the  way  of  getting  an  education, 
he  gradujited  at  Jefferson  College  in  1823,  being 
twenty-six  years  old.  He  then  took  the  three  years' 
course  in  Princeton  Seminary,  and  six  months  addi- 
tional. He  was  settled  over  a  Congregational  Church 
in  Litchfield,  Conn. ,  October,  1827.  March  4th,  1829, 
•he  w;is  inst;dled  over  the  Fir.st  Presbyterian  Church, 
in  Brooklyn,  L.  I.,  but  in  1835  resigned,  on  account  of 
throat-ail,  and  accepted  the  Presidency  of  llampden- 
Siduey  College,  Virginia.  In  1838,  on  account  of 
theological  difficulties,  he  resigned,  and  accepted  a 
call  to  the  First  Church  of  the  Northern  Liberties, 
Philadelphia,  where  he  remained  until  1844,  when 
ill-health  comi)elled  him  to  relinquish  the  charge. 
After  a  brief  tour  of  service  for  the  Colonization 
Society,  hedied,  in  Philadelphia,  November  23d,  1851, 
in  the  fifty-fifth  year  of  his  age.  As  a  preacher  Dr. 
Carroll  was  very  popular,  and  preached  to  crowiled 
hou.ses.  He  had  a  refined  taste,  lively  imagination 
and  nervous  organization.  He  excelled  on  the  j)lat- 
form.  He  published  two  volumes  of  sermons,  besides 
occiisioual  discourses. 

Carson,  ■William,  for  nearly  fort.v  j-ears  a  ruling 
elder  in  Bellevue  Church,  AVashington  county,  JIo., 
was  boru  1794,  and  died  1870.  Jlr.  Carson  was  a 
man  of  superior  natural  intelligence,  .sound  re.ison, 
and  rare  wisdom.  His  mind  laiil  hold  of  subjects 
with  a  comprehensive  grasp,  and  g;ive  them  a  thor- 
ough and  independent  investigation.  Yet  his  faith 
was  adorned  with  submission  and  meekne,s.s.  He 
came  to  Missouri  in  1829,  and  pursued  the  life  of  a 
farmer.  In  1830  he  became  an  elder  in  the  Bellevue 
Church,  which  w;is  then  known  as  the  Concord 
Church.  In  the  government  and  doctrines  of  the 
Churdi  he  was  well  versed,  firm  in  iuaint;iining  its 
order,  and  zealous  for  it.s  peace  and  purity.  His  de- 
votion to  truth  was  that  of  a  martjT,  He  could  s<'e 
his  house  reduced  to  a.shes,  and  sufter  the  spoiling  of 
his  goods  for  conscience'  sake,  but  he  could  not  re- 
nounce his  principles  tjr  deviate  from  what  he  con- 
ceived to  be  right.  He  could  and  did  pray  for  them 
who  despitefully  u.scd  and  persecuted  him.  To  his 
rectitude  of  principle  and  ardent  piet.v  he  added  the 
testimony  of  a  life  which  commended  itself  to  every 
man's  conscience  in  the  sight  of  God.     When  Presby- 


CABTER. 


138 


CASEY. 


terianism  h:i(l  ii  sparse  scttk-meiit  on  Missouri  soil, 
hf  became  an  officer  in  tlie  siinctnary,  and  from  no 
duty  or  ]>osition  to  wliieli  the  Lord  called  him  did 
lie  shrink.  Ol'  him,  his  pa-stor  could  say,  '"lie  is 
protit;iblc  to  me  in  the  ministry."  The  leg-acy  of  his 
godly  life  is  transmitted  in  a  pious  seed;  children's 
children  are  inheritors  of  his  peace. 

Carter,  Robert,  the  founder  and  present  head 
of  the  lirm  of  iJciliert  Carter  &  Brothers,  Xew  York, 
is  an  elder  in  the  Presbyterian  Chureli,  Sing  Sing, 
N.  Y.,  of  which  the  Kev.  'Wilson  I'hrauer,  u.  v.,  is 
pastor.  He  was  born  in  the  little  town  of  Earlstou, 
about  six  miles  from  Abbottsford,  Scotland,  November 
2d,  1807.  AVhile  a  mere  boy  he  exhibited  a  remark- 
able fondness  for  study  and  a  great  desire  to  obtain 
an  eduejttion.  When  only  fifteen  years  old  he  opened 
a  night  .school  for  young  lads,  in  one  of  the  rooms  of 
his  father's  cottage.  One-half  of  Jiis  scholars  were 
oilier  and  larger  than  he  w:ij*,  but  his  school  proved 
to  be  a  great  success.  Meanwhile  he  w:us  carefully 
studying  Latin  and  Greek,  iussisted,  occjusionally,  by 
a  cousin,  some  years  older  than  him.self,  who  had 
been  at  college.  AVhen  he  was  twenty  years  old  he 
heard  that  Mr.  Sloane,  of  Peebles,  wanted  an  assistant 
in  his  grammar  school.  He  determined  to  apjjly  for 
the  situation.  The  distance  w;is  twenty-five  miles. 
Rising  early  he  started,  on  foot,  reading,  iis  he  went. 
Siillust's  "Jugurtha,"  secured  the  situation,  and 
returned  to  his  home  the  same  day.  The  next  week 
he  entered  upon  his  duties  in  the  .school,  which  he 
discharged  very  elTectively  and  acceptably.  He  re- 
mained in  this  situation  for  about  two  years.  Then, 
having  .Siivcd  a  little  sum  of  money,  he  resigned,  and 
entered  the  University  of  Edinburgh. 

Mr.  Carter,  not  long  after,  sailed  for  tliis  country, 
and  landed  in  Xew  York,  May  IGth,  1*31.  For  a 
time  he  was  a  teacher  in  the  Xew  York  High  School. 
Subseijuently  he  began  a  .school  of  his  own,  which 
was  successful,  some  who  afterwards  became  promi- 
nent in  Church  and  Stiite  being  among  his  pupils. 
In  April,  1834,  he  began  the  selling  of  books  and 
stationery,  and  since  that  time  has  been  engaged 
with  such  success  in  the  book  publishing  and  selling 
business  ius  h;us  given  him  a  national  reputiition, 
having  iussociated  with  liimself,  in  \MS,  as  partners, 
his  two  brothiTs,  Walter  and  Peter  Carter. 

Mr.  Carter  is  a  most  earnest,  exemplary  and  useful 
Christian.  He  hius  frequently  served  the  Church  as  a 
memlK-r  of  some  of  its  Hoards;  is  a  faithful  and  in- 
fluential member  of  Presbytery  and  Synod,  and  in 
the  General  A.s.sembly,  to  which  he  h:«s  often  been 
sent,  has  always  Imm-ii  reg.irded  ;us  a  man  of  sound 
judgment,  inflexible  principle  and  active  zeal.  He 
w;Lsa  prominent  UK'mber  of  the  Heunion  Committee. 
He  hits  accomplished  a  vast  amount  of  good  by  his 
con.sistent  example,  lilMTality.  and  favor  to  all  gmnl 
enterprises,  and  such  is  the  standing  of  his  firm  as 
publishers,  that  their  imprint  is  accepted  its  a  sulfi- 
cient  guarantee  of  a  l)ook'8  excellence. 


Caruthers,  Eli  "Washington,  D.  D.,  was  bom 
in  Kowan  county.  .N'.  C.  ()i  tobei  Jlitli.  ITiCi,  of  Scotch- 
Irish  parentiige,  and  received  his  preparatory  educa- 
tion in  the  si'hool  of  Kev.  Jos.  1).  Kiljiatrick.  He 
first  entered  Hampdeu-Sidney  College,  Virginia,  but 
went  thence  to  the  College  of  Xew  Jersey,  and  w:ls 
graduated  from  that  Institution  with  distinction,  in 
1817.  From  the  College  he  entered  Princeton  Theo- 
logiciil'Seininary,  and  alter  finishing  his  course  Wiis 
licensed,  by  the  Presbyt<ry  of  Xew  IJruiiswick,  in 
1820.  Keturning  to  Xorth  Carolina  he  took  charge 
of  Alamance,  Bethel  and  ButValo  churches,  in  Guil- 
ford county,  and  w;ls  oniained  by  Orange  Presbytery 
at  Buffiih),  Xovember  10th,  1821.  He  gave  up  Bethel 
Church  in  1822,  and  Butfalo  in  1840,  continuing  at 
Alamance,  until  July,  18G1,  when  he  felt  constrained, 
by  the  infirmities  of  age,  to  resign  this  church  also. 
He  died  Xovember  14th,  1865. 

As  a  preaduT,  Dr.  Caruthers,  in  his  prime,  j)osses.sed 
considerable  power,  his  sermons  being  char.icterized 
by  fullness  of  gospel  doctrine  and  studied  accuracy  of 
statement.  His  success  iis  a  p;istor  is  shown  by  the 
fact  that  he  never  had  but  one  charge,  and  voluut;irily 
resigned  it,  part  by  part,  as  the  labors  became  too 
burdensome  for  his  strength. 

Dr.  Caruthers  never  married,  and  liis  habits  of  life 
were  those  of  the  recluse,  varied  by  some  harmless 
eccentricities,  superinduced  by  his  lonely  mode  of 
life.  He  was  a  close  student,  and  a  pain.staking  anti- 
(juariaii,  and  had  a  keen  relish  for  the  musty  odor  of 
an  old  document,  and  a  real  delight  in  a  venerable 
tradition.  As  the  successor  of  Dr.  Caldwell,  the  first 
pastor  of  the  Guilford  churches,  he  began  early  to 
collect  documents  and  traditions  concerning  the  early 
settlers,  and  the  times  of  the  Kegulation  and  the 
Revolution.  In  1842  he  published,  in  Green.slmro, 
X.  C,  his  "Life  of  Rev.  David  Caldwell,  I).  D." 
This  book  consists  of  but  one  chapter,  three  hundred 
octavo  pages  long,  without  table  dT  contents,  and 
with  an  index  of  half  a  page.  It  is  really  a  mine  of 
valuable  historical  information,  but  so  undeveloiied 
as  to  require  the  toil  of  the  miner,  the  skill  of  the 
ius.s:iyer  and  the  art  of  the  coiner,  to  transform  his 
nuggets  into  popular  currency. 

At  a  later  date  Dr.  Caruthers  published  two  more 
volumes,  containing  Revolutionary  incidents  and 
sketches  of  character,  entitled  '-The  Old  Xorth  State 
in  177(j."  These  are  well  written,  racy,  entertaining 
contributions  to  N'orth  Carolina  history. 

Casey,  Hon.  Joseph,  w;is  Iwrn  in  Ringgold's 
Manor,  W;isliington  county,  Md.,  December  17th, 
1814.  For  several  years  he  pursued  a  trade,  and 
taught  school,  eagerly  availing  himself  of  every  op- 
portunity for  acciuiring  knowledge.  After  studying 
law  for  two  years,  in  the  office  of  the  Hon.  Charles  B. 
Penros<',  at  Carlisle,  Pa.,  he  was  admitted  to  the  Ifcir 
at  that  place,  in  Xovember,  1h:W,  He  then  si-ltled 
at  Bloomlield,  Perry  county.  In  the  Spring  of  1^4.") 
he  removed  to  New  Berlin,  Union  county,  where  he 


CATECHISES. 


129 


CATECHISMS. 


at  once  assamcd  a  leading  pasition  at  the  Bar  of  that 
region.  In  1848  he  was  elected  to  Congress,  in  the 
old  Thirteenth  District  of  Pennsylvania.  He  declined 
rcnoniination  in  18.">0.  In  C'i)nKres.s,  a.s  elsewhere,  he 
w;is  liberal  and  conservative  in  hi.s  views  and  vi>tes. 
In  1855  he  removed  to  Ilarrislmrf;,  an<l  accepted  from 
Governor  Pollock  the  appointment  of  C'omini.ssioner, 
under  an  .\ct  of  Assembly,  to  settle  the  contest  l>e- 
tween  the  St;ite  and  certain  New  York  and  Ohio 
railroad  cori>oration.s,  known  as  "  The  Erie  Ilailroail 
War."  AVHiile  thus  engaged  he  was  appointed  Re- 
porter of  the  Decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and 
reported  twelve  volumes,  known  an  ('niu-y'ii  RijmrtK. 
which  gave  general  satisfaction,  both  to  B«-nch  and 
Bar.  During  all  this  time  he  also  attended  to  an  in- 
creasing and  important  practice.  In  May,  1H(;1,  he 
was  api)oiiitcd  to  the  Bench  of  the  United  Stati's 
Court  of  Claims,  and  in  l"<(>;t,  upon  the  reorganizji- 
tion  of  that  Court  and  the  extension  of  it.s  authority, 
he  was  appointed  its  lirst  Chief  Ju.stice.  This  posi- 
tion he  held  until  December  1st,  1870,  when,  in  con- 
8e([ucnce  of  ill  health  and  the  demands  of  private 
business,  he  resigned,  and  resumed  the  practice  of 
law  iu  'S\';i.shingt<)n,  D.  C,  his  practice  being  exten- 
sive and  lucrative.  The  records  of  the  court  over 
which  he  so  long  presidi'd  arc  substantial  evidence  of 
his  high  character  :us  a  Judge.  Judge  C;is<'y  Wius  an 
elder  of  the  New  York  Avenue  Presbyterian  Church 
in  Wa.shingt<m. 

Catechisms — The  Larger  anil  Shorter.  The  Gen- 
eral Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  Chtnrch  in  the 
United  States  has  said,  "  We  l)elieve  that  no  uninspired 
men  have  ever  been  able  to  e.vhibit,  in  as  short  a 
compass,  safer  and  sounder  views  of  tl:c  dixtrines  of 
salvation  than  are  contained  in  our  Largerand  .Shorter  ' 
Catechisms."'  To  all  who  love  thesis  precious  stand- 
ards of  our  Church,  and  have  not  access  to  fuller 
sources  of  information  resjH'cting  them,  the  follow- 
ing brief  sketch  of  their  origin  and  history  will  be 
o[  interest. 

On  June  12th,  1(543,  in  the  reign  of  Charles  I,  an  ' 
ordinance  of  Parliament  w:is  issued,  calling  ana.<<st>m- 
bly  of  divines  to  nu'ct  at  Westminstcron  tin-  first  day 
of  the  next  month.  This  ordinance  originated  in  a 
grateful  recognition  of  the  blessings  of  .\lmiglity 
God  U]ion  the  nation,  and  in  a  conviction  that  as  yet 
many  things  remained  in  the  liturgy,  discipline  and 
government  of  the  English  Church,  which  ni-cessirily 
required  a  further  and  more  thorough  reformation 
than  had  yet  been  attaincKl.  The  nanu>s  contained 
in  the  ordinance  amounted  to  one  hundred  and  tifly- 
one,  namely.  Ten  Lords  and  Twenty  Commons  as 
lay  assessors,  and  one  hundred  and  twenty-one 
Divines.  Of  this  list,  about  twenty-five  never  np- 
peared  at  the  A.s.sembly,  one  or  two  having  dietl 
alxiut  the  time  it  met,  and  others  f<-aring  tin-  <lis- 
plea.sure  of  the  King,  or  having  a  pri-firenee  for  the 
prelatic  system.  In  order  to  sujijily  the  deficiency 
thus  caused,  and  also  occasional  diminution  caused 
9 


by  death  daring  the  protracted  xittingii  ofth^  Amnn- 
bly.  the  Parliament  Runimimed  aUiut  twenty-one 
additional  meml>er8,  who  were  termc-d  the  Super- 
added Divines. 

On  Satunhiy,  the  first  day  of  Jnly,  the  memhem 
of  the  two  IIou.s(rs  of  Parliament  naiiiitl  in  the  ordi- 
nance, and  many  of  the  Divini-s  therein  mentioned, 
with  a  vast  congregation,  met  .in  the  Abliey  Church, 
Westmiaster.  Dr.  Twis.-*-,  who  luui  bct-n  mimed  in 
the  ordinance  as  President,  preached  an  elaborate 
sermon,  from  the  text,  "I  will  not  leave  you  c<irafort- 
less,  I  will  come  to  you  "  (John,  xiv,  18).  After  the 
siTmon  all  the  meiiiN-rs  pn-jn-nt  ;iiljourm-<I  to  Henry 
ViI'sCha|R'l,  and  the  roll  of  niemliers  iN-ing  <-alle<i, 
it  appeareil  that  then?  were  sixty-nine  eleritiil  meni- 
Imts  pn-si-nt  on  tliat  the  lirst  <lay  of  the  Westmiaster 
.\«.sembly. 

Our  limits  will  only  allow  u?<  to  nntii-t*  the  Scottish 
ministerial  meml>ers  of  this  ImmIv,  no  famous  for  itii 
intellectiud  font?  and  adher<•nct^  to  truth.  Hender- 
son, Gillespie,  Rutherford  and  Baillie,  iK-cupictl  u  high 
and  commanding  rank  in  the  Scottish  Churi'h.  The 
great  abilities  of  tlii-se  eminent  men  attract*-)!  the 
attention  of  the  English  of  all  ranks  in  a  very  ri'inark- 
able  manner,  and  recoinmeiide<l  the  Presbyterian 
system  of  churih  govemmint  much  more  cfTii'tually 
than  arguments  alone  coulil  have  dime.  Nor  was 
this  strange.  Henderson  was  a  man  of  uncommon 
prudence  and  sagacity,  prol'ound  judgment,  dei'ided 
el(M|Uence  and  the  most  attractive  amenity  of  niannent. 
He  was  one  of  thos«'  gifte<l  men  whom  the  Ruler  of 
all  events  sends  forth,  in  time  of  great  emergeney, 
to  mould  the  minds  of  his  fellow-men  and  aid  in 
working  out  the  will  of  the  Most  High.  He  w:i«  one 
of  the  most  distinguished  of  an  age  fertile  in  great 
nn'n,  and.  with  all  due  veneration  for  the  names  of 
Knox  and  Melville,  we  do  them  no  di.s»'re<Iit  when 
we  place  that  of  Henderson  by  their  side — the  "lirst 
three"  of  tlieChurch  of  .Scotlamrs  worthies.  Riillie, 
though  gre:itly  inferiorto  Henderson  in  inent^d  |K>weni 
and  sonu-wliat  fickle  in  dis|K>sitinn,  arising  fnim  a 
facile  tcmiK-r  and  iMiastitutional  timidity,  was  one  of 
the  most  learned  men  of  his  time.  Rutherford,  in 
a<ldition  to  his  .>M'holarly  attainments,  was  pos.s<-s«'<l 
of  iweuliar  heavenly-mindiilni'ss.  For  his  tidflily  to 
priniiple  the  deaiUy  gripe  of  the  Parliament,  in  hU 
snlisciiui'nt  history,  was  attenipti'd  to  !«•  laid  on  him. 
Not  content  with  burning  his  work  eiititlitl  "  Li'X 
Rex."  they  summoned  him  to  appear  liefon-  thriu  nt 
E<linburgh,  to  answer  to  a  charge  of  high  tn-jison. 
He  was  at  that  time  lying  on  his  dt'ath-U-d.  "Tell 
them,"  replied  he,  "that  I  have  received  asnmmoiui 
already  to  appear  bt-fore  a  superior  Judge  and  jiidien- 
tory.  and  I  U-hoove  to  answer  my  lirst  siimmon.s,  and 
ere  yonr  day  arrive,  I  will  Ix- when-  lew  kings  and  great 
folks  come."  Gilli'spic.  though  still  a  very  young 
man.  had  already  )irovi-d  hims<'lf  to  \x-  endownl  with 
])owers  and  i>os.se.s.Msl  of  .-uiiuinments  of  the  very 
highest  order.     His  learning  was  both  extensive  uxl 


CATECHJSJIS. 


130 


CATECHISMS. 


singularly  minute;  his  intellect  clear,  acute  anil 
powerful,  qualifying  him  for  oniinpnce  in  debate,  and 
liLs  high  and  fervid  eliKiuence  was  pi-rvaded  l>y  that 
electric  energy  which  is  an  essential  attribute  of  true 
genius. 

The  chief  duties  of  the  Assembly  of  which  these 
men  were  ornaments  were  discharged  when  they  had 
prepared  and  laid  before  the  Parliament  directories 
of  ordination  and  worship.  Its  attention  was  occu- 
pied almost  entirely  by  the  diseiLssions  respecting 
these,  till  towards  the  end  of  1014.  The  Assembly 
then  lM!g:in  to  prepare  for  composing  a  Confession  of 
Faith  and  a  Catechism,  and  a  conynittee  was  ap- 
pointed to  draw  uj)  an  outline,  in  regular  and  sys- 
tematic order,  for  its  consideration.  This  committee 
consisted  of  Drs.  Gouge  and  Hoyle,  and  Jlessrs. 
Herle,  Gataker,  Tuckuey,  Keynolds,  Vines  and  the 
Scottish  ministers. 

The  committee  at  first  wrought  at  the  work  of 
preparing  the  Confession  and  Catechisms  simultane- 
ou.sly.  ' '  After  some  progre.ss  had  been  made  with 
both,  the  Assembly  resolved  to  finish  the  Confession 
first,  and  then  to  construct  the  Catechism  on  its 
model."  They  presented  in  a  body  the  finished  Con- 
fession to  Parliament,  December  3d,  164(i,  when  it 
was  recommitted,  that  the  "  Assembly  should  attach 
their  marginal  notes,  to  prove  every  part  of  it  by 
Scripture."  They  finally  reported  it  as  finished, 
with  full  Scripture  proofs  of  each  separate  proposi- 
tion attiiched,  April  2yth,  1GI7. 

On  the  S-Jd  of  October,  1617,  "the  Larger  Cate- 
chism was  ordered  to  be  sent  up  to  both  Houses  of 
Parliament,  by  the  prolocutor,  attended  with  the 
whole  A.s.sembly."  November  2(ith,  1647,  "the 
prolocutor  informed  the  Assembly  that  he  had 
delivered  the  Short  Catt'chism  and  message  to  the 
Hou.se  of  Commons  (iitli  Noveml)cr)  .  .  .  the 
Short  Catechism  be  printed,  as  the  Larger,  and  Scrip- 
tures affixed  to  the  margins  of  both  the  Catechisms.'' 
April  14th,  1648,  "  the  prolocutor  informed  the 
As.sembly  he  had  delivered  the  Catechisms  (to  the 
House  of  Commons),  and  was  called  in  and  told  that 
they  had  ordered  six  hundred  copies,  with  the  proofs, 
to  be  print<'d  for  the  u.sc  of  the  ^Vs.>iemlily  and  two 
Hou.scs."  (See  Minutes  nf  the  W'c.ilminMcr  AKsxcmlitij. 
Edinburgh,  1874.)  After  they  had  been  carefully 
peru.sed  by  the  Parliament  an  order  was  issiu-d,  on 
the  l.")th  of  September,  1648,  commanding  them  to 
be  printed  for  public  use. 

After  the  onnpletion  of  the  Catechism  the  business 
of  the  A.s.s<'mbly  was  virtually  at  an  end.  But  the 
Parliament  neither  fully  approved  nor  reje<-ted  the 
A.s.seml)ly's  prcMluctions,  nor  y<t  issued  an  orilinance 
for  a  formal  dis.siiluti<in  of  that  venerable  Ixwly.  Nego- 
tiations were  still  going  on  with  the  king,  and  in  one 
of  the  pajK'rs  which  jKusscd  bilween  Mis  .Maje.sty 
and  the  Parliament  he  signified  his  willingne.ss  to 
sjinetion  the  continuation  of  Presbyterian  Church 
government  for  three  years,  and  al.so  that  the  Assem- 


bly should  continue  to  sit  and  deliberate,  His 
Majesty  being  allowed  to  nominate  twenty  Episco- 
palian divines  to  be  ad<led  to  it,  for  the  jjurfjose  of 
having  the  whole  subject  of  religion  ag-ain  formally 
debated.  To  this  i)ropos;il  the  Parliament  refused  to 
con.sent,  but  it  probably  tended  to  prevent  them  from 
formally  dissolving  the  As.sembly,  so  long  as  there 
remained  any  shadow  of  hope  that  a  pacific  arrange- 
ment might  be  effected  with  His  Majesty. 

In  the  meantime  many  mcml)ers  of  the  Assembly, 
especially  tho-st;  from  the  country,  returned  to  their 
own  homes  and  ordinary  duties,  and  those  who 
remained  in  London  were  chielly  engaged  in  the 
examination  of  such  ministers  as  presented  them- 
selves for  ordination  or  introduction  into  vacant 
charges.  They  continued  to  maintain  their  formal 
existence  till  the  22d  of  February,  1649,  about  three 
weeks  after  the  king's  decapitation,  having  sat  five 
years,  six  months  and  twenty-two  days,  in  which 
time  they  had  held  one  thou.s:iiid,  one  hundred  and 
sixty-three  sessions.  They  were  then  changed  into 
a  committee  for  conducting  the  trial  and  examination 
of  ministers,  and  continued  to  hold  meetings  for  this 
purpose  every  Thursday  morning,  till  the  2oth  of 
Slarch,  16.52,  wjicn  Oliver  Cromwell  having  forcibly 
dissolved  the  Long  Parliament,  by  whose  authority 
the  A.s-sembly  had  been  at  first  called  together, 
that  committee  also  broke  up  and  .separated  with- 
out any  formal  dissolution  and  as  a  matter  of 
necessity. 

AVliat  the  Westminster  Assembly  did  in  the  forma- 
tion of  a  rule  of  faith  and  a  form  of  church  govern- 
ment, and,  as  it  hoped,  for  both  nations,  was 
ultimately  rejected  by  the  English  and  adopted  by 
the  Scotch.  The  Confession  of  Faith  and  I^irgcr  and 
Shorter  Catechisms  were  adopted  by  the  original 
Synod  in  North  .\meriea,  \.D.  1729,  ;us  the  "Confes- 
sion of  Faith  of  this  Church,"  with  the  exception  of 
what  the  Conlession  contained  in  re.sj)cct  to  the 
power  of  civil  magistrates  concerning  religious  things, 
in  relation  to  which  point  the  Synod  declared  that  it 
did  not  receive  the  passages  referring  to  it  in  the 
Confession  "  in  any  such  sen.se  as  to  suppose  the  civil 
magistrate  hath  a  controlling  power  over  isynoiis 
with  res|R'ct  to  'the  exercise  of  their  ministerial  au- 
thority, or  power  to  pro,secute  any  for  their  religion, 
or  ill  any  sense  contrary  to  the  l^rotcstant  succession 
to  the  throne  of  Great  Britain." 

The  SyiKKl  ag-.iin,  when  revising  and  amending  its 
Stijndards  in  1787,  in  preparation  for  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  General  Assembly  in  1789,  "took  into 
considenition  the  last  jKiragraph  of  the  twentieth 
cliapter  of  the  Westminster  Confe.s.sion  of  Faith,  the 
third  paragiaph  of  thi'  twiiity-third  chapter,  and  the 
lirst  iKiragrapli  of  the  thirty-lirst  chaptir,  and,  having 
made  some  alt<Tatioiis,  agreed  that  the  s;iid  para- 
graphs as  now  altered  l>e  printed  for  consideration." 
.\s  thus  altered  and  amended,  this  Confe.s.sion  and 
these  Catechisms  were  adopted  as  the  doctrinal  part 


CATER. 


131 


CATTELL. 


of  the  Constitution  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in 
America  in  17S8,  ami  so  stand  to  this  day. 

Cater,  Richard  B.,  D.  D.,  of  the  Presbytery  of 
South  Carolina,  became  a  member  of  the  Presbytery 
of  South  Alabama  September  28th,  1837,  from  -nhich 
time  to  the  day  of  his  death  he  was  a  most  active 
and  laborious  minister,  a  man  of  indomitable  energy 
and  untiring  perseverance,  knowing  no  abatement, 
even  under  the  failings  of  "the  outward  man." 
Few  men  have  been  more  honored  of  God  in  the 
erection  of  new  houses  of  worship,  and  the  upbuUd- 
ing  of  feeble  churches.  He  had  a  warm  heart  and  a 
strong  hand  for  every  good  cause.  He  finished  his 
earthly  warfare  in  the  triumphs  of  a  living  faith, 
November  24th,  1850.  Dr.  Cater  had  often  been 
heard  to  express  the  wish  that  he  might  die  icHh  the 
harness  on !  And  the  desire  of  his  heart  was  granted 
to  him;  for  tlie  spot  of  earth  on  which  he  stood  on 
Saturday,  as  a  minister  of  consolation  to  the  mourners 
around  his  friend,  Eev.  Junius  B.  King's,  grave, 
received,  on  Jlondaj-,  his  own  body,  in  trust  tUl  the 
resurrection  morn.  "  Lovely  and  pleasant  in  their 
lives,  they  were  not  divided  in  their  death." 

Cathcart,  Dr.  Robert,  was  bom  November, 
17.5!),  near  Coleraine,  Ireland.  He  was  educated  in 
the  College  of  Glasgow,  and  after  being  licensed, 
preached  .several  years  without  a  fixed  charge,  till 
1790,  when  he  emigrated  to  the  United  States.  De- 
clining other  overtures,  he  was  settled  October,  1793, 
over  the  united  churches  of  York  and  Hopewell,  Pa., 
fifteen  miles  apart,  which  he  served  on  alternate 
Sundays.  'NMieu  the  infirmities  of  age  told  on  him. 
he  relinquished  the  Hopewell  Church,  commonly 
known  as  York  Barrens.  In  18,39  he  was  forced  to 
resign  the  York  Church  also,  after  a  pa.storal  con- 
nection of  forty-six  years.  He  died  October  19th, 
1849,  at  the  advanced  age  of  ninety  years. 

Dr.  Cathcart  was  an  instructive  doctrinal  preacher, 
fond  of  expository  preaching  as  well  as  lecturing 
on  the  Catechism.  He  was  regarded  as  a  well-read 
theologian,  and  kept  abreast  with  the  knowledge  of 
the  times.  He  was  especially  remarkable  for  his 
clock-work  punctuality,  whether  as  trustee  of  Dickin- 
son College,  as  member  of  the  Synod  of  Philadelphia, 
or  iu  attendance  on  the  General  As.sembly.  He  never 
missed  a  meeting  of  the  Synod' but  once,  and  that 
was  occasioned  by  sickness.  For  twenty  years  he 
served  as  one  of  the  clerks  of  the  Assembly. 

Although  Dr.  Cathcart  was  consulted  by  other 
authors,  he  never  gave  anything  to  the  press  but  one 
sermon,  which  was  a  tribute  to  the  memory  of  hLs 
friend  Dr.  Davidson,  of  Carlisle. 
Cattail,  "William  Cassiday,  D.  D.,  LL.  D., 
'  was  born  at  Salem,  N.  J.,  August  30th,  182'7.  He 
graduated  at  New  Jersey  College  in  1848,  and  studied 
theology  at  Princeton  Seminary.  He  was  Associate 
Principal  of  "  Edgehill  Academy,"  at  Princeton,  N. 
J.,  1853-55,  and  was  ordained  by  the  Presbytery  of 
Newton  iu  1856.     From  1655  to  1360,  he  was  Profes- 


sor of  the  Greek  and  Latin  languages  in  Lafayette 
College.  From  1860  to  1863,  he  was  pastor  of  the 
Pine  Street  Presbyterian  Church,  Harrisburg,  Pa., 
where  his  labors  were  crowned  with  success,  and 
he  was  greatly  beloved  by  his  congregation.  In  1863 
he  was  elected  President  of  Lafayette  College,  which 
position  he  occupied  until  June,  1883,  when  impaired 
health  tlirough  over-work,  obliged  him  to  tender  his 
resig:iation. 

Dr.  Cattell  rendered  distinguished  service  to 
Lafayette  College.  During  his  administration  of 
twenty  years,  and  mainly  by  his  own  exertions,  the 
assets  of  the  College  were  increased  from  $40,000  to 
nearly  $900,000,  new  and  commodions  buildings  were 
erected,  the  equipments  were  made  of  the  highest 
order  and  the  system  of  instruction  much  enlarged 


WILLIAH  CASSIDAT  CATTELL,  D.  D.,  LL.  D. 

and  made  thoroughly  efficient,  so  that  Lafayette  now 
stands  among  the  leading  colleges  of  the  country. 
During  this  period,  besides  contributing  $10,000 
to  the  construction  of  McKeen  Hall,  he  gave  his  per- 
sonal labor  for  a  merely  nominal  salary,  and  devoted 
himself  so  unselfishly  and  untiringly  to  the  interests 
of  the  Institution  that  his  physicians  were  com- 
pelled to  advise  absolute  rest  and  freedom  from 
official  responsibility.  In  accepting  Dr.  Cattcll's 
resignation,  to  take  efi'ect  October  23J,  1833,  the 
Boiu-d  of  Trustees  yielded  to  a  most  painful  necessity 
and  against  its  strongest  wishes  that  an  administra- 
tion so  fruitful  only  of  good  to  the  college  should  be 
continued  as  long  as  its  distinguished,  honored  and 
beloved  President  lives.  ' 

Dr.  Cattell  is  a  superior  scholar,  an  accomplished 
and  affable  gentleman,  of  great  energy  of  character, 


CAvm. 


132 


CENTRAL  CHURCH. 


and  an  excellent  preacher.  He  has  the  confidence 
and  regard  of  his  brethren.  He  received  his  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Divinity  from  Hanover  College,  Indiana, 
and  Xew  Jersej-  College,  in  18fi4. 

Cavin,  Rev.  Samuel,  a  licentiate  from  Ireland, 
wa-s  sent  l)y  Donegal  Presbytery,  November  16th, 
1737,  to  Conecocheague.  This  congregation  then 
embraced  Falling  Spring  (Chanibersburg)  and  Green- 
castle,  Mercersburg  and  Welsh  Run.  It  separated 
into  East  and  West,  and  Mr.  Ca\-in  was  installed 
pastor  of  the  East  Side,  November  16th,  1739.  In 
the  Winter  of  the  next  j-car  he  visited  the  settle- 
ments on  the  South  Branch  of  Potomac.  The  Presby- 
tery of  Philadelphia,  in  May,  1741,  at  his  reque-st, 
dismis.sed  him  from  his  charge  at  Falling  Spring. 
He  spent  some  time  in  the  Summer  at  Anteidam 
(Hagerstown),  Marsh  Creek,  Opcquhon,  and  on  the 
South  Branch.  In  May,  1743,  he  was  called  to 
Goodwill,  or  Wallkill,  New  York.  The  remainder 
of  his  life  was  spent  in  itinerating  in  Virginia  and 
the  other  vacancies.  He  was  an  occasional  supply 
of  Falling  Spring  and  ConecoclK'ague,  and  was  invited, 
November  6th,  1744,  to  the  "South  Side  of  Ea.st 
Conecocheague. "  Mr.  Cavin  died  November  9th, 
1750,  aged  forty-nine,  and  lies  buried  in  the  grave- 
yard at  Silvers  Spring. 

Central  Presbsrterian  Church,  Baltimore, 
Md.  When  "Baltimore  Town,"  the  future  metropo- 
lis of  Maryland,  was  founded,  in  1730,  a  number  of 
Presbyterian  families,  driven  thither  by  a  storm  of 
religious  persecution,  sought  refuge  in  and  around 
it.  And  in  1760,  when  its  population  numbered  some 
three  hundred,  the  First  Cliurch  was  planted.  In 
1802  the  Second  Church  was  organized;  in  1822,  the 
Third  Cliurch;  in  1833,  the  Fourth  Church;  in  1835, 
the  Fifth  Church;  in  1842,  the  Aisquith  Street  Qiurch; 
in  1846,  the  Broadway  Church;  in  1847,  the  Franklin 
Street  Cliurch;  in  18,52,  Westminster  Church;  in  1853, 
the  Twelfth  Church,  Madison  Street  (colored),  and 
the  Central;  in  18.56,  the  South  Church;  in  1870, 
the  Dolphin  Street  Church;  in  1871,  Brown  Memorial 
Cliurch,  and,  in  1875,  the  Lafayette  Square  Church. 
Very  slowly  Presbyterianism  advanced,  until  about 
the  year  1842,  when  there  wius  a  sudden  outburst  of 
the  spirit  of  church  extension,  some  eight  new 
churches  being  planted  in  (juick  succession,  within 
the  next  twelve  years. 

The  Central  Church  was  organized  on  the  13th  of 
A])ril,  18.5:i,  and  grew  out  of  a  divi.sion  in  the  As.soci- 
ate  Kclbrmed  Churdi  on  Fayette  street,  to  which  the 
Kev.  Dr.  J.  M.  Duncan  .so  long  ministered.  After  the 
death  of  Dr.  Duncan,  the  church  Killed  the  Rev. 
Stuart  Robinson,  of  Frankfort,  Ky.,  as  a  stated  sup- 
ply. Mr.  Robinson  accepted  the  call,  but  finding  his 
position  as  a  Presbyterian  minister  in  an  Independent 
Church  in  numy  ways  embarnussing,  ri-signi-d  his 
charge,  and  eighty-three  persons,  some  seventy  of 
whom  were  from  Fayette  strec-t,  organized  them- 
selves into  a  Presbyterian  Church  under  him  as  their  . 


pa-stor.  Dr.  Baer  and  John  SIcElderry  were  elected 
eldere.  A  commodious  hall  on  Hanover  street  was 
procured,  for  the  temporary  nse  of  the  congregation, 
and  steps  were  immediately  taken  for  the  erection  of 
a  church.  The  lot  on  thte  corner  of  Saratoga  and 
Liberty  streets  was  secured,  at  a  cost  of  some  §24,000, 
and  the  church  was  completed  in  a))out  two  years, 
at  a  total  cost  of  some  .863, 000  for  lot.  building  and 
furniture.  A  debt  was  left  upon  it  of  S30,000,  S18.- 
000  of  which  was  made  permanent.  Mr.  Robin.son 
was  eminently  popular,  and  attracted  large  and  in- 
terested congregations,  and  the  new  enterprise  seemed 
to  he  wonderfully  successful;  but  the  finances  were 
not  in  a  satisfactory  state,  and  irritating  questions 
having  arisen  ius  to  the  proper  policy  to  be  pursuetl, 
he  was  released,  at  his  own  request,  in  1856,  to 
accept  a  Profes-sorship  iu  Danville  Theological  Semi- 
nary. In  January,  1858,  Dr.  Thomas  E.  Peck,  for 
several  years  p:ustor  of  Broadway  Church,  accepted 
the  call  of  this  congregation.  With  talents  and  cul- 
ture of  the  highest  order,  with  large  experience  and 
extensive  ac(|uaint;ince  in  the  city,  he  struggled  for 
two  years  with  the  old  difficulties,  and  then  left  to 
accept  a  Professorship  in  Union  Theologic;il  Semi- 
nary, Va.  Y6t  the  same  reiison,  the  Rev.  Sihxs  G. 
Dunlap,  who  was  installed  .is  pa.stor,  in  May,  1860, 
resigned  the  year  following. 

The  Rev.  Joseph  T.  Smith,  D.  D.,  then  a  Profe.s.sor 
in  Danville  Theological  Seminarj-,  was  next  called  to 
the  pastorate  of  this  church,  and  entered  upon  his 
duties  on  the  first  Sabbath  in  January,  1862.  Here 
he  still  remains.  Under  his  ministry  the  congrega- 
tion at  once  entered  upon  a  career  of  great  prosperity. 
All  its  services  were  largely  and  incre^isingly  attended, 
and  large  accessions  were  made  at  the  successive 
communions.  In  1873  the  General  As-sembly  of  the 
Presbyterian  Cliurch  in  the  United  States  met  in  the 
church,  and  in  .luly  following  it  w;is  destroyed  by 
the  grciit  fire  which  swept  over  that  section  of  the 
city.  After  the  tire  a  public  hall  was  at  once  secured 
for  the  uses  of  the  congregation,  and  ste]>s  taken 
toward  rebuilding.  .V  lot  on  Entaw  Place  was  .sehitiMl 
for  the  edifice,  and  on  the  20th  of  December,  l>i74, 
the  beautiful  and  commodious  chapel  was  opened  for 
public  worship,  and  a  series  of  services  were  held  in 
connection  with  the"  opening,  of  great  profit  and  re- 
fre-.hment.  Thechnrcli  building,  one  of  the  finest  in 
Haltiniore,  was  dedicated  in  March,  1879.  Recently 
the  amount  of  thirty-live  tlious;ind  dollars,  nece,s.s;iry 
to  free  the  church  from  debt,  w:us  suliscrilMil.  The 
roll  of  membership  is  large,  and  the  future  of  the 
congregation  is  bright  with  promi.se. 

The  present  oflicers  of  the  church  arc :  Elders- 
Dr.  James  Mclntire,  AV.  H.  Cole,  and  T.  K.  Miller; 
Deacons— A.  McElmoyle,  R.  R.  Slilliken,  \\.  G. 
Tyson,  Louis  Deiteh,  Wm.  Dugdale,  and  H.  I^mg 
cope;  Trustees— T.  Kensett,  T.  K.  Miller,  \V.  II. 
Cole,  J.  W.  Maxwell,  Wm.  Dugdale,  H.  G.  Tyson.  A. 
McElmoyle,  Wm.  Galloway,  and  A.  M.  Van  Arsilale. 


CENTRE  PRESBYTERY,  ILL. 


133 


CENTRE  PRESBYTERY,  ILL. 


Centre  Presbytery  of  Illinois.  The  Rev.  S. 
C.  Baldritlse,  i"  liis  "Li'e  o'"  Stephen  Bliss,"  gives 
the  following  interesting  account  of  an  "old-time" 
meeting  of  this  Presbj^erj' :— 

"The  Presbytery  was  constituted  by  the  Synod  of 
Indiana,  in  1829.  It  embraced  the  State.  The  second 
'Fall  meeting'  -was  held  on  Decker's  Prairie.  The 
names  of  the  members  of  Presbytery  present  were  Revs. 
B.  F.  Spilman,  Shawneetown;  John  M.  Ellis,  Julian 
M.  Sturtevant,  Thcron  Baldwin,  all  of  Jackson\-ille ; 
Solomon  Hardy,  Greenville;  John  Mathews,  Kaskas- 
kia;  Thomas  A.  Spilman,  Hillsboro;  John  Brick,  near 
Jackson\ille;  Thomas  Lippincott,  EdwardsWlle;  John 
Herrick,  Carrollton;  Stephen  Bliss,  Centreville;  John 
McDonald,  Benoni  Y.  Messenger,  Cyrus  L.  Watson, 
Rev.  Artemas  Bullard  (settled  afterwards  at  St.  Louis, 
as  pastor  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  that 
city),  corresponding  member.  Our  hard--vvrought 
missionary,  B.  F.  Spilman,  was  chosen  Moderator, 
and  John  McDonald,  A.  M.,  long  pastor  of  Pleasiint 
Prairie,  was  the  temporary  Clerk. 

"The  meeting  was  held  at  Mr.  Bliss's  residence. 
During  the  Summer  he  had  built  a  new  house.     The 
family  occupied  the  L,  and  the  main  part  of  the  build- 
ing was  left  ^\-ithout  partitions,  and  formed  an  open 
haH,  eighteen  by  thirtj'-six  feet,  that  was  filled  with 
temporary  seats  for  this  occasion.     Here  the  Presby- 
tery held  its  sessions.     Here  the  brethren  preached 
the  Word,  and  the  people  pressed  to  hear.     Curiosity 
was  excited  by  the  appearance  of  so  many  strangers. 
And  then  everj-thing  was  favorable.     It  was  lovely, 
ripe  October,   the    heat   of  Summer  assuaged,   the 
weather  superb.     To  the  farmers  it  was  a  time  of 
leisure— the  long  rural  holiday  that  comes  after  -wheat 
sowing.    And  so,  of  course,  the  meetings  were  crowded, 
day  aiid  night.     The  venerable  Mr.  Lippincott  says: 
'Our  services  were  not  without  the  di\ine  presence. 
At  times  the  silence  and  solemnity  were  awful. '    We 
may  safely  infer,  from  this  remark,  that  the  exercises 
were   often  very   interesting,  for  the   congregations 
were  motley  throngs.    Wabash  Church  numbered  but 
twenty-nine,  counting  every  member  within  a  radius 
of  ten  miles  of  the  pastor's  house.     Professing  Chris- 
tians of  every  name  must  have  made  up  but  a  small 
part  of  the  crowds  that  filled  the  house  and  all  the 
grounds  around.     The  bold  and  reckless  character  of 
the  mass  of  them   may  be  inferred  from  what  has 
been  said  of  the  general  state  of  society.     So  that 
when  we  hear  that  the  '  silence  and  solemnity  of  the 
meetings  were  sometimes  awful,'   we   conclude,  at 
once,  that  God  gave  His  blessed  truth  an  able  advo- 
cacy and  a  noble  hearing. 

"But  the  gem  had  a  wild  and  rustic  setting.  Around 
them,  as  they  looked  out  of  the  open  windows,  was 
nothing  in  \-iew  but  the  wide  prairie,  covered  with  its 
enormous  Autumn  growth  of  gra.ss  and  weeds,  gay 
now  with  brilliant,  coarse  flowers;  the  natural  pasture 
for  herds  of  cattle  and  deer,  the  lurking-place  for 
hares,  foxes,  -wolves,  wildcats,  panthers,  catamounts 


and  bears.    Thislast- named  animal  was  not  numerous, 
but  was  sometimes  met  vrith  on  the  small  water- 
courses and  in  unfrequented  places,  and  the  knowledge 
of  their  existence  gave  a  spice  of  danger  to  an  evening    ■ 
stroll  along  any  of  the  lonely  paths  that  led  through 
the  high  griuss  to  the  neighboring  cabins.     Their  rest 
at  night  was  disturbed  by  the   cries  of  birds  and 
prowling  beasts  of  prey,  and  in  the  morning  they 
were  roused  up  betimes  by  the  piping  quaUs,  or  the 
wild  call  of  the  turkeys  and  prairie  fowls,  and  the 
howling  wolves  in  the  rank  wilderness  around  them. 
But  they  had  before  them,   too,  an  emblem  of  the 
I  changes  and  progress  of  the  country  that  were  to  be 
I  expected  in  the  teeming  future.      Under  the  '  aged 
oaks '  yet  stood  the  lowly,  primitive  cal)in,  with  the 
!  'lean  to,'  that  Mr.  Bliss  and  the  sainted  May  had 
built  for  themselves  in  1818.     This,  whitewashed  as 
of  old,  and  fitted  up  by  one  of  the  neatest  and  most 
practical  housekeepers  in  the  world,  was  the  cosy 
cubiculum  where  Mr.  Bliss  lodged  all  of  his  guests. 
But  just  a  few  feet  to  the  west,  where  the  rustling 
leaves  of  the  oaks  threw  their  shadows  on  the  porch, 
was  the  '  new  house,'  a  commoilious  and  substantial 
frame.     The  lesson  taught  by  this  scene  was  one  that 
the  Presbytery  urgently  felt.      Their  present  work 
was  one  of  preparation.      If  all   now   was  strong, 
rough,  untamed,  yet  a  little  while  to  come  and  the 
State  would  be  filled  with  population,  enterprise  and 
wealth.     They  were  sitting  at  the  springs  of  future 
greatness,  and  needed   wisdom,  grace  and  zeal   for 
their  work. 

"  The  historical  interest  of  this  meeting  of  Presby- 
tery centres  around  the  far-sighted  measures  then 
taken  to  promote  the  Sabbath-school  cause  in  their 
field.  Sabbnth-school  3Iissions  in  the  State  of  Illinois, 
their  efficiency  for  good,  their  necessity ;  this  was  the 
theme  around  which  all  the  life  of  the  meeting  clus- 
tered. Much  had  been  attempted  under  the  auspices 
of  the  'American  Sunday-.school  Union,'  but  a 
thorough  and  systematic  endeavor  to  fill  the  rising 
State  with  Sabbath  Schools  and  Sabbath-school  libra- 
ries and  influences,  originated  in  this  meeting  of  the 
Centre  Presbytery  of  Illinois.  There  was  present,  to 
promote  this,  a  young  and  gifted  minister,  in  his  fer- 
vent prime,  the  Rev.  Artemas  Bullard.  The  inter- 
esting proxidence  by  which  this  noble  spirit  was 
brought  among  them  is  thus  narrated  by  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Lippincott,  himself  an  actor  in  the  scene. 
It  is  valuable  as  an  illusttation  of  that  glorious 
Pro\-idence  that  rules  in  all  things,  however  trivial 
they  may  seem,  and  makes  them  to  '  work  together 
for  good  to  them  that  love  God.' 

'"Our  course,'  says  he,  '  from Tandalia  through 
the 'Grand  Prairie,' led  us  to  cross  the  Vincennes 
and  St.  Louis  road,  at  Maysvillc,  then  littl&  if  any- 
thing more  than  a  tavern.  We,  i.  e.,  nearly  all  the 
Presbytery  from  the  west  side  of  the  State,  arrived 
at  the  inn  .just  at  nightfoll,  and  proceeded  to  secure 
lodgings.     MTulst  attending  to' our  horses   it   was 


CENTRE  PRESBYTERY,  ILL. 


134 


CnA3IBERLAIN. 


rumored  that  a  minister  from  Massachusetts,  ou  his 
way  to  the  west  part  of  tlie  State,  had  arrived  j  ust 
before  us,  and  was  then  in  the  house.  I  believe 
something  was  said  with  regard  to  his  mission.  '  Let 
us  take  him  with  us,'  w;is  the  spontaneous  and  uni- 
versal thought.  An  interview  and  exjjlanation  re- 
sulted in  his  accompanjdng  us  the  next  day,  and 
then  in  a  cordial  tinderstanding  that  his  'Sunday- 
school  Mission  '  was  recognized  as  sent  of  God.  We 
were  delighted  with  him,  and  I  believe  the  pleasure 
was  mutual.' 

"The  purpose  of  Mr.  Bullard's  mission  is  stated 
with  so  much  simplicity  by  Mr.  Bliss,  in  his  '  Report 
to  the  Home  Missionary  Board,'  prepared  after  the 
rising  of  Pre.sbytery,  that  we  can  do  no  better  than 
quote  from  it.  We  readily  see  that  the  presence  of 
this  gifted  man  had  '  filled  their  mouths  with  laugh- 
ter, and  their  tongues  with  singing. ' 

"  '  Our  sorrow  and  grief,'  says  Mr.  Bliss,  referring 
to  their  previous  discouragement  respecting  the  train- 
ing of  the  youth  of  the  country,  '  were  suddenly 
turned  into  joy,  hope  and  high  expectation,  by  propo- 
sitions made  by  Mr.  Bullard,  '  Corresponding  Sec- 
retary of  the  Massachusetts  Sabbath-School  Union, ' 
at  our  recent  meeting  of  Presbytfry.  That  '  State 
Union '  proposes  to  tiilce  Illinois  under  its  fostering 
care,  as  it  respects  Sabbath-school  operations;  appro- 
priate funds  to  establish  a  general  '  depository '  of 
Sabbath-.school  books  for  the  supply  of  the  State, 
consfcmtly  employ  a  traveling  agent  or  agents  to 
carry  the  Sabbath-school  system  into  effect,  as  far 
as  practicable.  What  is  particularly  needed  in 
this  country,  they  propose  to  enter  largely  into  the 
'emigration  scheme.'  Mr.  Bullard  is  now  engaged 
traversing  the  State,  to  ascerfciin  the  existing  wants 
as  to  Sabbath-school  teachers.  The  object  is,  when 
those  wants  are  definitely  ascertained,  to  search  out 
and  encourage  pious  lay  members  of  the  churches  in 
the  older  States  (male  and  female)  to  emigrate  to 
this  country  and  settle  down,  in  their  respective 
occupations,  with  special  reference  to  Sabbath-school 
and  otlier  benevolent  operations.' 

"  Mr.  Bullard  laid  all  this  far-seeing  scheme  open 
before  the  Presbytery.  He  urged  them,  ministers 
and  laymen,  to  arouse  and  bestir  themselves.  '  How 
did  the  presence,  the  addresses,  the  conversation  of 
that  brother  cheer  us,'  says  Mr.  Lippincott;  'we 
thanked  God  and  took  courage.'  The  definite  plan, 
the  tangible  help,  the  hopeful  spirit  of  the  enthusi- 
astic missionary,  were  like  an  inspiration  in  their 
counsels.  The  brethren  enlisted  anew  in  the  Sab- 
bath-sehool  work.  Agents  were  sent  forth,  who  trav- 
ersed the  State,  preaching  and  lecturing  ou  the  godly 
training  of  the  young,  andorganizingSabbath  Schools. 
A  mighty  impetus  was  given  to  this  cause,  so  vital  to 
the  well-being  of  Church  and  State.  'The  East,' 
says  one,  'has  more  than  fulfilled  all  her  promises 
to  the  Christian  workers  in  Illinois. ' 

"  But  is  it  not  a  curious  fact  that  tliis  arousing  call 


to  diligence,  in  this  most  potent  of  all  missions,  should 
have  sounded  out  over  the  State  from  so  quiet  a  work 
and  amidst  such  humble  surroundings  ?  How  broad 
and  bright  a  stream  has  risen  from  this  lowly  foun- 
tain !  The  impetuous  current  has  had  many  a  check, 
and  sometimes  has  almost  ceased  to  flow;  but  in  this 
generation  we  are  permitted  to  behold  it  rising  with 
a  grander  tide  than  ever  before.  To  the  devout  men 
— ministers  and  laymen — who  now  see  the  great 
State  filled  with  Evangelical  churches,  with  their 
Schools,  their  Bible,  Tract,  Temperance  and  Mission- 
ary agencies,  every  means  for  maintaining  and 
promoting  our  Protestant  religion,  this  humble 
name — Wabash  Church — should  wear  a  hallowed 
charm.  There  the  words  of  cheer  were  spoken,  the 
help  proffered,  the  councils  formed,  and  the  decisive 
steps  taken,  that,  in  the  long  years,  have  led  to  it 
all.  This  is  the  cool,  sequestered  source  from  which 
arose,  amidst  the  prayers  and  praises  of  devout  men, 
in  October,  1830,  this  'stream  that  is  making  glad 
theCity  of  God.'"* 

Chamberlain,  Jeremiah,  D.  D.,  is  said  to  have 
been  solemnly  dedicated  to  the  Church  by  his  parents, 
in  his  infancy,  in  accordance  with  a  vow  made  by  his 
mother.  He  was  born  in  Adams  county.  Pa.,  Jan- 
uary, 5th,  1794;  graduated  at  Dickinson  College,  in 
1814;  studied  theology  three  years  at  Princeton,  and 
was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Presbytery  of  Carlisle, 
in  1817.  The  same  year  he  accepted  a  commission 
from  the  General  Assembly's  Board  of  Domestic 
Missions  to  travel,  as  a  missionary,  in  the  West  and 
South.  As  he  was  on  his  way  down  the  Ohio  river 
he  received  a  call  from  the  Church  at  Bedlbrd,  Pa., 
and  after  accomplishing  his  mission  at  Natchez, 
New  Orleans,  and  Mobile,  he  returned,  in  the  Sum- 
mer of  1818,  and  accepted  it.  Besides  preaching 
regularly  in  the  Church  at  Bedford  he  preached  occa- 
sionally at  Schellsburg,  and  conducted  a  flourishing 
school  the  whole  time  he  remained  there. 

In  the  Winter  of  1823-23  he  accepted  a  call  to  the 
Presidency  of  Centre  College,  at  Danville,  Ky.,  and, 
by  a  vigorous  co-operation  of  several  philanthropic 
individuals  with  himself,  the  Institution,  then  in  an 
incipient  state,  was  placed  upou  a  firm  basis,  and  the 
buildings  filled  with  students.  He  preached  regu- 
larly duriug  the  whole  time  of  his  residence  in  Dan- 
ville, and  in  connection  with  his  labors  a  powerful 
revival  of  religion  took  place  in  the  college,  which 
extended  many  miles  in  the  country.  lu  the  Winter 
of  1824-25,  he  resigned  the  Presidency  of  Centre  Col- 
lege, and  removed  to  Jackson,  La.,  having  accepted 
the  same  ofiSce  in  a  State  Institution  in  that  place. 
This  ofiice  he  resigned  in  1828,  and  ojiened  an 
academy,  for  the  instruction  of  youth,  in  a  church 

*  Mr.  Bullard  eettlod  ifterw.iril,  at  St.  Louis,  as  pastor  of  the 
First  Presbyterian  Church  of  that  city.  He  was  eminent  a.s  a 
preacher  and  scholar,  and  was  hcnured  with  the  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Divinity.  While  yet  in  the  prime  of  his  strength,  honors  and 
usefulness,  he  was  cut  down. 


CHAMBERS. 


135 


CHAMBERS. 


edifice  which  he  had-erectcd  in  the  same  place  at  his 
own  expense.  He  preached  regularly  while  he  was 
connected  with  the  college,  and  organized  a  Presby- 
terian Church,  where  none  had  existed  before.     In 

1830  he  was  elected  President  of  Oakland  College, 
in  Clairborne  county,  Jliss.,  which  was  establi.shed 
through  his  influence,  and  was  imder  the  care  and 
control  of  the  Presbytery  of  Mississippi.  Here  he 
accomplished  the  most  important  work  of  his  life, 
and  prosperity  attended  his  earnest,  self-sacrificing, 
and  persistent  efforts,  till  Oakland  College  became  a 
noble  monument  of  his  untiring  zeal  and  Christian 
philanthropy.  His  eminently  useful  life  was  termi- 
nated by  assassination,  September  5th,  1850. 

The  manners  of  Dr.  Chamberlain  were  courteous 
and  easy.  He  was  a  man  of  more  than  ordinary 
intellectual  power,  and  not  only  of  incorruptible 
integrity,  but  of  distinguished  benevolence  and  pub- 
lic spirit.  As  a  preacher  he  was  clear  and  logical  in 
the  treatment  of  his  subject,  and  set  Christ  forward 
always  as  the  great  Sun  of  the  Cliristian  System.  In 
ecclesiastical  bodies  he  was  distinguished  for  his  suc- 
cess as  a  queUer  of  disturbances  and  a  restorer  of 
peace,  and  as  President  of  a  college  he  was  most 
favorably  known  and  most  eminently  useful. 

Chambers,  John,  D.  D.,  was  born  in  Stew- 
artstown,  Ireland,  December  19tli,  1797,  and  was 
brought  by  his  parents  to  this  country  while  an 
infant.  He  was  for  a  time  employed  in  mercantile 
life  in  Baltimore.  He  prepared  for  the  ministry 
under  the  direction  of  the  Rev.  John  M.  Duncan,  of 
that  city.  In  May,  1825,  he  was  instiiUed  pastor  of 
the  Ninth  Associate  Ecformed  Cliurch  in  Philadel- 
phia. The  congregation  was  then  worshiping  in  a 
house  built  on  Thirteenth,  above  Market  street.     In 

1831  they  removed  to  their  present  noble  edifice,  at 
the  corner  of  Broad  and  Sansom  streets.  When  Mr. 
Duncan,  about  this  time,  renounced  the  jurisdiction 
of  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  Church, 
into  which  the  Associate  Eeformed,  with  Dr.  Mason 
and  others,  had  been  merged,  Dr.  Chambers  followed 
his  example,  from  sympathy  with  his  teacher.  His 
church  was  known  as  the  First  Independent  Church, 
till  October,  1873,  when  he  and  his  congregation  were 
admitted  to  a  connection  with  the  Presbj'terian  body. 
By  order  of  the  Presbytery  of  Philadelphia,  the  style 
of  the  church  was  changed,  in  honor  of  the  pastor,  to 
' '  The  Chambers  Presbyterian  Church. ' ' 

In  a  historical  sermon  preached  by  Dr.  Chambers 
in  May,  1875,  at  the  celebration  of  the  fiftieth  anni- 
versary of  his  pastorate,  it  was  stated  that  he  had 
received  three  thousand  five  hundred  and  eighty-six 
members  into  the  Church,  of  whom  one  thousand  two 
hundred  then  constituted  the  actual  melnbership; 
that  between  thirty  and  forty  young  men  had  entered 
the  gospel  ministry ;  that  he  had  married  two  thou.sand 
three  hundred  and  twenty-nine  couples,  and  had  at- 
tended between  four  and  fi^e  thousand  funerals.  He 
had  preached,  on  an  average,  three  sermons  a  week. 


which,  for  fifty  years,  would  amount  to  a  grand  total 
(allowing  necessary  deductions)  of  more  than  seven 
thou.sand  sermons. 

Dr.  Chambers  had  an  extraordinary  hold  on  the 
young  people,  and  his  week-night  prayer  meetings, 
with  an  attendance  of  three  hundred,  were  a  standing 
wonder.  His  conspicuous  attribute  was  power.  For 
the  sake  of  that  commanding  influence  which  he 
exerted  over  the  masses,  he  deliberately  sacrificed 
book  learning  and  minute  criticism.  Bold  and  frank 
in  the  expression  of  his  opinions,  even  those  who 
differed  with  him  could  not  but  respect  and  admire 
his  courage.  He  fearlessly  attacked  the  crying  abuses, 
vices  and  errors  of  the  daj',  and  was  sometimes 
threatened  with  personal  violence,  on  account  of  his 
plainness  of  speech.    He  scourged  the  men  of  Succoth 


JOHN  CHAMBERlj,  D.  D. 

with  thorns.  Like  John  Knox,  he  called  a  spade  a 
spade.  His  majestic  person,  his  leonine  mien,  his 
clarion  voice,  his  unciuestionable  sincerity,  added 
weight  to  the  falminations  of  the  pulpit.  All  who 
saw  him,  all  who  heard  him,  bore  witness,  voluntarily 
or  involuntarily,  that  "this  was  a  man. ' '  Like  the 
prophets  of  the  olden  time,  he  only  lived  for  the 
salvation  of  souls,  and  his  sole  concern  was  to  preach 
the  preaching  that  the  Lord  bade  him. 

The  useful  life  of  Dr.  Chambers  was  brought  to  a 
close  September  23d,  1875.  His  death  was  sincerely 
and  deeply  lamented  by  all  classes  of  society  and  all 
denominations  of  Christians. 

Chambers,  Rev.  Joseph  H.,  was  a  native  of 
Westmoreland  county.  Pa.  He  graduated  at  Jeffer- 
son College,  Pennsylvania,  in  1835,  and  studied 
theology  at  the  Western  Theological  Seminary,  Alle- 


CHANDLER. 


136 


CHEESEMAX. 


gheny,  Pa.  After  being  licensed,  by  the  Presbytery 
of  Redstone,  in  1838,  he  supplied  the  Church  of 
Sewickley  for  a  few  months.  Then  he  became  pastor 
of  tlie  Church  of  Cross  Creek,  in  the  Presbytery  of 
Steubenville,  where  he  spent  twelve  years  in  the 
faithful  and  successful  discharge  of  pastoral  duties. 
His  labors  were  greatly  blessed;  he  won  universal 
esteem  and  confidence,  and  his  memory  is  embalmed 
in  the  grateful  hearts  of  many.  For  a  considerable 
time  he  exercised  his  ministry  in  the  Secoud  Church 
of  Steubenville,  where  he  had  the  most  favorable 
esteem  of  a  highly  cultivated  audience.  In  the 
Spring  of  1850  he  was  called  to  the  Church  in  Wooster, 
Ohio,  and,  while  only  pastor  elect,  in  obedience  to 
the  Master's  call,  "Come  up  higher,"  passed  away 
from  earth. 

Chandler,  David,  died  in  AVilmington,  Del., 
January  2.jth,  1883.  He  was  long  known  as  one  of 
Wilmington's  conservative,  substantial  and  dcscr\-ing 
citizens.  He  was  an  active  and  eificient  business 
man,  and  prospered  by  Providence  in  his  temporal 
interests.  Mr.  Chandler's  relations  to  the  Church  of 
Christ  were  no  less  marked  than  the  other  features 
of  his  life.  He  was  an  honored  and  iiscful  member 
of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  AVilmington. 
Born  and  bred  in  its  fold,  he  grew  up  wholly  identi- 
fied with  it.  From  young  manhood  he  took  an 
active  part  in  all  that  concerned  it.  At  times  in  his 
life  the  burden  of  its  affairs  rested  largely  upon  his 
shoulders  alone.  He  was  a  ruling  elder  many  years. 
"Well-nigh  all  his  life  he  was  identified  actively  with 
its  Sunday  School,  in  faithful,  laborious,  teaching.  In 
its  pecuniary  aflfairs  he  was  a  pillar  to  it.  He  was  a 
thorough  Presbj-terian,  and  took  a  personal  pride  in 
the  history  and  progress  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 
His  end  was  peace. 

Chapman,  Robert  Hett,  Jr.,D.D.,  was  born 
December  2Gth,  180G;  graduated  at  Union  College, 
N.Y.,  in  1828;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
Bar,  April,  1829,  in  Talladega,  Ala.,  having  for  more 
than  ten  years  an  extensive  practice.  In  1836  he  was 
ordained  a  ruling  elder  in  the  Presbyterian  Church 
of  that  place.  October  18th,  1839,  he  was  licensed 
by  the  Presbj^:ery  of  South  Alabama  to  preach  the 
gospel.  He  was  installed  the  first  pastor  of  the  Church 
at  Talladega,  and  continued  in  this  relation  about 
six  years,  with  a  good  degree  of  success.  He  then 
had  charge,  for  more  than  five  years,  of  the  Church  in 
Greensboro'  Alabama,  where  his  labors  were  also 
blessed.  After  preaching  about  a  year  to  the  churches 
of  Asheville  and  Heiidersonville,  N.  C. ,  he  became 
the  first  installed  p;ustor  of  the  former  church,  and 
dnring  the  eight  years  of  his  ministry  there  the  little 
flock  more  than  quadrupled.  For  one  year  he  was 
an  evangelist  of  Mecklenburg  Presbytery;  and  for 
six  years  the  stated  supply  of  the  three  mountain 
churches  of  HcndiT.'^onville,  Mills'  River,  and  David- 
son's River.  He  was  subseiiuently  Principal  of  the 
"Charlotte    (N.   C.)    Institute  for   Young   Ladies," 


being  at  the  same  time  pastor  of  Caldwell  Church, 
near  Charlotte.  This  was  his  last  charge.  Since 
September,  1S83,  Dr.  Chapman  has  been  entirely 
heljilcss,  from  a  severe  sjjinal  affection,  and  awaits 
the  time  of  his  departure  with  peaceful  resignation 
to  his  Heavenly  Father's  will.  Tliough  he  has  never 
been  ambitious  of  distinction,  his  life  has  been  one 
of  active  and  extensive  usefulness.  He  is  a  good  man 
witliout  guile,  believing  humbly  in  the  religion 
which  he  has  striven  to  teach,  and  guided  by  the  pre- 
cepts which  he  has  striven  to  learn. 

Chase,  Rev.  Benjamin,  D.  D.,  who  was  prob- 
ably the  first  licentiate  of  the  Presbytery  of  Missis- 
sippi, was  for  many  years  a  beloved  and  valued 
member  of  it.  He  was  bom  at  Litchfield,  N.  H., 
November  20th,  1789,  and  graduated  at  Middlebury 
College,  Vt.,  in  August,  1814.  After  having  labored 
for  a  series  of  years  as  a  missionary  in  Louisiana, 
he  assumed,  in  1828,  the  charge  of  the  "  Carmel 
Church,"  la  Adams  county,  ten  miles  south  of 
Natchez,  Miss.  In  connection  with  this  church,  he 
supplied,  at  different  times,  three  or  four  contiguous 
congregations,  including  that  at  Pine  Ridge.  At  this 
period  it  was  his  custom  to  ride  forty  miles  and  to 
preach  three  times  on  the  Sabbath.  This  un.sparing 
devotedness  and  eneigy  of  spirit  was  characteristic 
of  Dr.  Chase  throughout  his  life.  In  1830  he  enlisted 
in  the  work  of  supplying  the  destitute  regions  of  the 
Southwest  with  the  Holy  Scriptures.  In  this  work 
the  whole  territory  of  Mississippi,  Louisiana,  and 
such  parts  of  Ai'kansiis  and  Texas  as  were  accessible 
were  visited  by  him,  and  furnished  with  the  Word 
of  God.  The  difiiculties  and  perils  of  this  enterprise 
were  enough  to  make  it  heroic. 

In  1840  Dr.  Chase  was  attacked  by  an  aggravated, 
and,  as  it  proved,  incurable  bronchial  affection;  but 
though  obliged  to  relinquish  the  use  of  his  voice  in 
public  preaching,  his  labors  in  support  of  morals  and 
religion  continued  to  be  abundant.  He  was  the 
active  and  liberal  friend  of  Oakland  College,  from  its 
inception,  and  was  for  a  while,  after  the  death  of  Dr. 
Chamberlain,  its  acting  President.  His  labors  as  a 
consoler  of  the  afflicted  were  peculiarly  appreciated, 
and  these,  with  those  of  the  peacemaker,  an<l  the 
helper  of  the  friendless  and  the  destitute,  ran  parallel 
with  his  life.  As  a  preacher,  his  discourses  were 
made  effective,  not  by  any  high  order  of  intellect, 
but  by  the  depth  of  his  convictions  and  the  intensity 
of  his  love  for  the  souls  of  his  fellow  men.  His 
death  occurred  October  11th,  18T0,  and  his  memory 
is  clierished  by  those  who  knew  him  with  gratitude 
and  veneration. 

Cheeseman,  Lewis,  D.  D.,  the  son  of  Calvin 
Cheeseman,  was  born  in  Princetown,  New  York,  Octo- 
ber 27th,  1803;  studied  with  some  of  the  Tutors  of 
Union  College  for  about  two  years;  studied  divinity 
under  the  direction  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  ^^'hiting,  and 
was  licensed  liy  the  Presln-tery  of  Bath.  He  com- 
menced his  labors  at  Angelica,   N.  Y.,  and  in  this 


CHEBBY  VALLEY  CHURCH. 


137 


CHERRY  VALLEY  CHURCH. 


missionary  field,  among  the  wild  woods  of  the  AUe- 
ghenies,  his  mental  and  physical  lahors  were  of  the 
most  arduous  character.  In  1826  he  was  called  to 
Albion,  N.  Y.,  where  his  labors  were  bountifully 
blessed.  In  1830  he  settled  at  BjTon,  N.  Y. ;  a  revival 
ensued,  and  the  little  church  grew  rapidly.  Subse- 
quently he  accepted  a  call  to  an  enterprise  in  Scotts-  j 
viUe,  ISI.  Y.,  and  in  this  new  field  similar  results, 
followed.  In  184-2  he  accepted  a  call  to  Groveland,  | 
N.  Y.,  and  there  labored  with  success  among  an  aft'ee- 
tionate  people.  In  1845  he  left  his  pleasant  rural 
charge,  and  removed  to  Rochester,  where  he  began 
•  his  labors  in  a  small  frame  building  in  Court  street, 
and  prosecuted  them  faithfully  and  with  success.  In 
1848,  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  Fourth  Presbj'terian 
Church,  Philadelphia,  where  he  labored  with  his 
usual  zeal  for  nearly  twelve  years,  taking  at  once,  and 
maintaining  among  his  brethren  in  the  ministry  and 
all  others  who  knew  him,  a  high  position  as  a  scholar, 
a  theologian  and  an  earnest,  eloquent  and  successful 
defender  of  "the  laith  once  delivered  to  the  saints." 
Dr.  Cheesemau  died  December  21st,  1861,  after  a 
lingering  illness,  teaching  his  fomily  and  friends 
patience  under  suffering,  by  example,  and  both  by 
precept  and  example  pointing  their  faith  to  a  glorified 
Sa\'iour. 

Cherry  Valley  Presbyterian  Chtirch,  in 
Central  New  York,  is  among  the  oldest  of  the  churches 
of  the  Denomination  in  the  country.  It  came  into 
existence  in  1T41.  In  1738,  George  Clark,  Lieu- 
tenant-Governor of  the  province  of  New  York, 
granted  a  patent  of  8000  acres  of  laud,  covering  the 
site  of  the  town,  to  four  proprietors,  one  of  whom, 
John  Lindesay,  a  Scotch  gentleman,  bought  out  his 
associates  and  went  to  .settle  upon  it.  While  in  New 
York,  preparing  for  the  removal  of  his  family,  he 
formed  a  friendship  with  Rev.  Samuel  Dunlap,  a 
young  Presbyterian  minister  of  Irish  birth,  but 
educated  at  Edinburgh,  who  had  traveled  over  the 
South,  and  was  arranging  for  a  tour  through  the 
North.  He  persuaded  him  to  join  in  colonizing  the 
land,  and  while  he  went  with  his  fomily  to  make 
their  home:  upon  it,  iSIr.  Dunlap  went  to  Londonderry, 
N.  H.,  to  persuade  some  of  the  Scotch-Irish,  who  in 
1718  had  immigrated  there,  to  accompany  him  to  it. 
Meanwhile,  Mr.  Linde-say  and  his  family  narrowly 
escaped  starvation.  No  white  inhabitiints  lived 
nearer  to  them  than  the  Schoharie  Creek,  where  some 
Germans  made  an  abode  in  1713.  Ignorant  of  the 
winters  of  that  region,  Mr.  Lindesay  brought  on 
scanty  supplies,  and  at  the  point  of  their  exhaustion 
he  found  himself  and  his  family  in  impassable  snow. 
Just  then  a  friendly  Indian  came  along,  and  by 
repeated  ^^sits,  on  snow-shoes,  to  the  Jlohawk,  he 
kept  them  in  stores  until  the  opening  Spriu 


raised 


climate  and  the  roughnes-ses  of  pioneer  life.     A  house 
of  worship  was  a  necessity  with  such  people,  and  one 
of  logs,  used  also  as  a  school  room,  was  immediately 
put  up,  the  first,  it  may  be  remarked,  of  a  series  of 
five,  the  second  being  used  like^vise  as  a  fort,  and  the 
third  an  erection  of  the  returned  fugitives  from  the 
world-wide  kno\vn  "ma.ssacre,"  and  like  themselves, 
stripped  of  furniture  and  totally  bare,  and  the  fourth 
a  frame  building,  sufficiently  pretty  for  a  model,  and 
actually  performing  the  graceful  and  valuable  part 
of  spreading  a  tasteful  ecclesiastical  architecture.    The 
fifth,  now  standing,  and  solid  enough  for  all  coming 
generations,  has  three  varieties  of  stone  in  the  com- 
position of  its  walls,  an  interior  finish  of  solid  wal- 
nut, and,  while  plain  and  substantial,  is  of  both 
cheerful  and  dignified  air.     Its  distinction,  however, 
is  the  fact  that  it  is  a  gift  to  the  congregation  by  a 
female  communicant,  in  recognition  of  "  the  connec- 
tion of  her  family  with  the  towu  from  its  early  settle- 
ment, and  with  the  church  for  four  generations,  aiJd 
as  a  memorial  to  her  beloved  parents  and  dear  sister." 
Composed  of  eight  fomilies,  in  17.52,  by  1765  the 
colony  consisted  of  forty.     The  French  and  Indian 
wars  kept  them  perpetually  exposed  to  inroads  and 
slaughter,  and  at  the  same   time   trained  them   to 
arms.     Then  followed   the   Revolutionary  struggle. 
No  prophetic  pen  was  needed  to  foreknow  the  side 
the  Scotch-Irish  of  Cherry  Valley  would  take.     The 
Presbyterian  tenacity  of  principles  and  devotion  to 
liberty,  combined  with  ancestral  memories,  commit- 
ted and  held  them  to  the  c;iuse  of  the  people.     They 
were  the  sons  of  those  Scotchmen  who,,at  the  earnest 
entreaty  of  the  Stuarts,  and  with  the  most  solemn 
promises  of  religious  and  civil  prerogatives  and  privi- 
leges, went  over  to  the  north  of  Ireland  to  Ijring  into 
bearing  that  then  fertile  waste,  and  who,  when  the 
tillage  was  done  and  rich  harvests  waved,  were  so 
restrained  and  robbed  that  many  of  them  fled  to  this 
country,  preferring  the  wilds  of  America,  with  free- 
dom of  conscience  and  civil  liberty,  to  the  culture 
of  the   beautiful   Green   Isle.     The   tyranny  of   the 
British  king,  so  graijhically  described  in  our  Declara- 
tion of  Independence,  awakened  in    Cherry  Valley 
the  spirit  of  besieged  Londonderry  and  of  the  battle 
of  the   Boyiie,  and  the  signal  from  Lexington  and 
Concord  called  every  inhabitiint  to  arms.     Its  church 
was  the  place  of  meeting  of  a  county  committee  of 
the  patriots.  May,  1775,  which  declared  "our  fixed 
attachment  and  entire  approbation  of  the  proceedings 
of  the  grand  Continental  Congress,  held  at  Philadel- 
phia, last  Fall;  and  that  we  will  strictly  adhere  to 
and    repose    our    confidence    in   the    wisdom    and 
integrity  of  the  present  Continental  Congress;   and 
that  we  will  support  the  same  to  the  extent  of  our 
power,  and  that  we  will,  religiously  and  in\-iolably, 


their  blockade.  In  due  time  Mr.  Dunlap  and  his  |  observe  the  regulations  of  that  august  body. "  They 
party  arrived,  and  distributing  themselves  about  on  obeyed  the  call  of  General  Herkimer  to  fly  to  the 
thefarmsthey  selected,  they becamethefothersofthej  relief  of  Fort  Stan^vix,  but  bj;ing  at  the  eastern 
place,  Mr.  Lindesay  retreating  from  the  rigors  of  the  1  extremity  of  the  country,  their  company  could  not 


CHERRY  VALLEY  CHURCH. 


138 


CHERRY  VALLEY  CHURCH. 


reach  Oriskany  in  time  for  the  battle.  Two  of  their 
number,  however,  a  Major  and  Lieutenant-Colonel, 
participated  in  it,  the  latter  of  whom  led  off  the  field 
the  regiment  of  Colonel  Cox,  who  was  killed.  The 
leading  men  of  the  place  were  engaged  in  various 
parts  of  the  land.  ' '  Xo  le.«s  than  thirty-three  have 
turned  out  for  immediate  service  and  the  good  of 
their  country,"  the  whole  population  being  le.ss  than 
three  liundred,  wa.s  the  statement  in  a  petition  to  the 
Provincial  Congress,  asking  needful  protection.  One 
of  the  Indian  paths,  from  Windsor,  Broome  county, 
to  the  Mohawk,  passed  through  Cherry  Valley,  and 
so  kept  the  inhabitants  in  apprehension  of  incursions 
from  them.  Early  in  the  Summer  of  1776  signs 
appeared  of  their  coming,  and  a  company  of  rangers 
was  ordered  to  the  place.  Those  of  the  people  who 
had  held  military  commissions,  or  had  passed  the 
age  for  mUitar3'  service,  formed  themselves  into  a 
military  corps,  and  as  .scalping  parties  were  prowling 
about,  the  farmers  went  to  the  fields  in  squads,  some 
sfcinding  guard  while  others  engaged  in  work.  The 
house  of  Colonel  Samuel  Camplii-ll,  the  largest  in  the 
place,  and  situated  on  elevated  ground,  was  turned 
into  a  fortification,  and  the  peojile  gathered  in  it, 
bringing  with  them  the  most  valuable  of  their  goods, 
and  there  they  remained  during  the  most  of  the  Sum- 
mer, and  then  returned  to  their  homes. 

A  regular  fort  was  sub.sequently  built  by  the  order 
of  General  La  Fayette,  and  manned  by  a  Continental 
regiment,  made  up  of  Eastern  .soldiers,  but  little 
trained  in  Indian  warfare.  After  the  Indian  massacre 
at  Wyoming,  jn  July,  1778,  warning  was  given  of  a 
contemplated  tleseent  on  Cherry  Valley,  but  the  inex- 
perienced yet  brave  commander  failed  to  give  suit- 
able heed  to  it,  and  refused  the  request  of  the  people 
to  be  permitted  to  take  .shelter  in  the  fort,  or  to 
deposit  their  valuables  there,  and  he  himself  quar- 
tered out.side,  at  the  house  of  Mr.  Robert  Wells.  On 
the  morning  of  November  11th  the  savages  swooped 
down  from  a  hill  top,  in  the  evergreens  of  which  they 
had  lain  concealed,  and  struck  their  talons  into  the 
ill-fated  community.  They  consisted  largely  of  the 
Senecas,  then  the  most  ferocious  of  the  Iroquois,  and 
were  attended  by  still  more  brutal  tories.  One  partj- 
rushed  into  the  house  of  Mr.  Wells  and  murdered 
every  inmate — -Mr.  Wells,  his  mother,  wife,  four 
children,  brother,  sister  and  three  servants — and  but 
one  of  the  family  escaped — John  Wells,  a  youth  at 
the  time,  who  had  been  left  the  previous  Summer 
with  an  aunt  at  Schenectady,  to  attend  a  Grammar 
school  there,  and  who  subsequently  became  one  of 
the  most  eminent  lawj'ers  of  the  land.  A  tory  boa,sted 
that  he  had  killed  Mr.  Wells  while  at  praj'er.  Pursu- 
ing his  sister  Jane  to  a  wood-pile,  where  she  Ued  for 
safety,  and  in  spite  of  her  supplications,  in  his  lan- 
guage, which  she  understood,  and  in  si)ite  of  the 
entreaties  of  an  interceding  tory,  a  s;ivage,  with  a 
single  blow  of  his  tomahawk,  smote  her  to  death. 
The  commander  started  for  the  fort,  and  refusing  to 


surrender,  and  snapping  a  wet  pistol  at  his  pursuer,  a 
tomahawk  aimed  at  his  head  fatally  struck  it,  and 
the  scalping-knife  followed.  Similar  scenes  were 
enacted  at  other  hou.ses,  and  indi^^dual  barbarities 
perpetrated,  the  thought  of  which  horrifies  and 
sickens  the  soul.  Tliirty-two,  principally  women 
and  children,  were  slain,  with  all  the  horrors  that 
demons  could  enact,  and  the  terribleness  of  the  .scene 
was  intensified  by  the  fierce  flames  that  burnt  up 
every  house  and  outhouse.  A  few  escaped  to  the 
Mohawk,  but  between  thirty  and  forty  of  the  others 
who  sur%'ived  were  carried  away  prisoners.  Divided 
into  small  companies,  they  were  placed  in  charge  of 
dift'erent  parties,  and  -so  commenced  their  journey 
for  what  parts  they  knew  not  and  could  not  surmise. 
The  first  day  Mrs.  Cannon,  an  aged  and  infirm 
matron,  gave  out,  and  was  killed  at  the  side  of  her 
daughter,  who  was  driven  along  with  the  bloody 
hatchet  bathed  in  her  mother's  blood,  and  to  whom 
three  children  clung,  and  in  whose  arms  a  fourth, 
eighteen  months  old,  lay.  On  the  second  day  the 
rest  of  the  women  and  children  were  sent  back,  but 
Mrs.  Campbell  and  Mrs.  Moore  and  their  children 
were  taken,  between  two  and  three  hundred  miles,  to 
near  the  site  of  the  present  town  of  Geneva,  and  here 
their  children  were  torn  from  them  and  given  to 
different  Indians,  and  scattered  through  Canada. 
When  recovered,  years  after,  they  had  forgotten 
their  mothers  and  their  mothers'  tongue,  and 
learned  the  language,  habits  and  tastes  of  their 
.savage  keepers. 

The  venerable  pastor  of  the  church,  with  one  of 
his  daughters,  was  permitted  to  live,  through  the 
interposition  of  a  Mohawk,  but  his  wife  was  mur- 
dered, and  her  mangled  arm,  torn  from  her  body, 
was  tossed  into  an  apple  tree,  which  stood  long  after 
as  the  monument  of  the  fiendish  deed.  His  house 
was  razed  to  the  ground,  and  his  liljrar}-  scattered, 
and  himself  carried  away  as  a  prisoner.  Released  in 
a  few  days,  he  made  his  way  to  Xew  York,  and  about 
a  year  after  sank  under  his  sufferings,  and  laid  down 
in  the  grave. 

One  of  his  parishioners,  having  gone  into  the  fields, 
saw  a  party  of  Indians  and  tories  approaching  his 
house,  but  did  not  dare  to  go  back.  Secreting  him- 
self in  the  woods  until  they  left,  he  returned  to  his 
house,  which  had  been  plundered  and  set  on  fire, 
and  there  he  beheld  the  corpses  of  his  wife  and  four 
children.  One  of  his  children,  a  little  girl  of  ten  or 
twelve  years  of  age,  showed  signs  of  life,  and  while 
lifting  her  up  he  saw  another  party  approach,  and 
had  barely  time  to  hide  himself  beside  a  log  fence, 
when  they  entered  in,  and  he  s;iw  an  infamous  tory 
lift  his  hatchet  and  butcher  the  child. 

A  reinforcement  came  the  day  after  the  massacre, 
but,  instead  of  defending  the  living,  it  only  remained 
to  them  to  bury  the  dead.  The  inhabitants  were  ex- 
terminated, and  their  homes  were  burned  up.  The 
little  church  in  the  fort  sur\'ived  the  otherwise  uni- 


CHESTER. 


139 


CHESTNUT. 


versal  ruin  for  two  or  three  years,  and  then  a  party 
of  marauders  gave  it,  too,  to  the  flames. 

For  seven  years  the  place  remained  a  desolation, 
and  without  a  human  denizen.     In  1784-5  the  old 
inhahitants  began  to  return,  and  soon  after  a  meeting 
was  called  to  reorganize  the  society.     But  no  Mr. 
Dunlap  came  back.    It  took  till  1790  to  erect  another 
house  of  worship,  and  that  stood  in  the  barest  plight, 
and  only  now  and  then,  as  some  passing  preacher 
stopped,  did  it  echo  a  minister's  voice.     Mr.  Solomon 
Spaulding,  who  amused  himself  by  the  writing  of  a 
fiction  which,  with  no  thought  of  the  kind  on  his 
part,  was  adopted  as  the  Mormon  Bible,  occasionally 
filled  the  pulpit,  bub  no  regular  services  were  held 
until   Rev.    Eliphalet  Nott,  afterwards    the   distin- 
guished President  of  Union  College,  established  them, 
in  1795.     In  1798  he  was  called  to  Albany,  and  the 
church  was  again  left  to  casual  supplies  until  1802, 
when  they  were  statedly  enjoyed  for  a  year,  and  also 
again  in  1806,  and  still  again  in  1810,  when  the  Rev. 
Eli  F.  Cooley  entered  on  the  charge  and  remained  in 
it  for  ten  years;  and,  up  to  1883,  twenty-two  pastors 
and  stated  supplies   have  served  the  church.     The 
Rev.  H.  U.  Swinnerton,  PH.  D.,  who  is  the  present 
pastor,  has  prepared  an  "Historical  Account"  of  the 
church,  which  is  full  of  interest.     It  must  be  added, 
that  frequent  showers  of  the  Spirit  have  foUen  upon 
Cherry  Valley,  some  of  them  of  great  copiousness, 
and  that  made  it  a  "well  watered  garden." 

Chester,  John,  D.D.,  was  born  at  Wethersfield, 
Conn.,  in  August,  1785.  He  graduated  at  Yale  Col- 
lege in  1804.  He  studied  theology  under  the  direction 
of^the  Rev.  Dr.  Joseph  Lyman,  Hatfield,  Mass.,  at 
which  place  he  was  at  the  same  time  engaged  in 
teaching.  In  1807  he  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the 
Association  of  Hartford  county,  Conn.,  and  after 
preaching  for  a  short  time  successively  at  Marblehead 
and  Springfield,  Mass.,  he  was  ordained  and  installed, 
November  21.st,  1810,  as  pastor  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  in  Hudson,  N.  Y.  Here  he  was  eminently 
successful.  He  remained  at  Hudson,  laboring  with 
nreat  acceptance,  till  his  removal  to  Albany  in  1815. 
From  this  period  till  1828  he  devoted  himself  with 
untiring  assiduity  to  the  best  interests  of  his  flock, 
and  indeed  to  all  the  temporal  and  spiritual  interests 
of  humanity  within  his  reach.  He  died  January 
12th,  1829. 

Dr.  Chester  was  Moderator  of  the  General  Assem- 
bly in  1823.  He  published  several  sermons.  He 
was  eminently  characterized  by  sincerity  as  a  Chris- 
tian, and  goodness  as  a  man.  He  was  large-hearted 
and  public-spirited.  He  had  few  superiors  in  his 
day  and  generation,  in  the  happy  combination  of 
the  several  qualities  which,  in  our  country,  are  best 
adapted  to  make  a  competent  and  useful  minister  of 
the  gospel. 

Chester,  "WiUiam,  D.  D.,  seventh  Correspond- 
ing Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Education,  was  born 
in  Wethersfield,  Connecticut,  November  20th,  1795; 


graduated  at   Union   College,  New   York,  in   1815, 
and  studied  at  Princeton  Theological   Seminary  in 
1816-17.     He  was  licensed,  it  is  supposed,  by  the 
Presbyt<;ry  of  Albany,  in  1818.     December,  1819,  he 
was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  church  in  Galway, 
New   York.      A   most  remarkable   work    of   grace 
ensued  upon  his  settlement,  and  in  April,  1820,  one 
hundred  and  /oitc  were  added  to  the  church;  in  the 
month  of  June  of   that   year  forty-six  more  were 
received  into  the  communion  of  the  church.     He 
left  Galway  in  1822.     On  September  7th,  1824,  he 
was  installed  pastor  of  the  Presbj-terian  Church  in 
Hud.son,    New   York.     His  preacliing  and  pastoral 
labors  among  the  churches  of  that  entire  region  were 
greatly  owned  of  God.     This,  his  last  pastorate,  was 
most  happily  and  successfully  continued  until  the 
Summer  of  1832,  when,  on  the  lt)th  of  July,  at  the 
earnest  solicitation  of  the  Board  of  Education,  it  was 
reluctantly   dissolved,    that  he    might    occupy   the 
States  of  Virginia  and  North  Carolina  as  their  repre- 
sentative.    Dr.  Chester  thus  entered  the  service  of 
the  Board  of  Education,   and  for  three  and  thirty 
years,  in  the  various  positions  of  Agent,    General 
Agent,  Associate  Secretary  and  General  Agent,  and 
finally  as  Corresponding  Secretary,  he  labored  most 
successfully  throughout  the  entire   Church  in  this 
arduous  work,  until,  in  the  maturity  of  his  days,  and 
with  the  completion  of  most  of  his  sagacious  plans 
for  the  advancement  of  education,   he  ceased  from 
his  labors,  with  the  harness  of  office  upon  him.     The 
records  of  the  Board  evince  that  Dr.  Chester  co-oper- 
ated most  efi'ectively,  both  in  counsels  and  in  personal 
efforts,  with  Dr.  John  Breckinridge,  Dr.  McFarland, 
Dr.  Hope,  Dr.  Van  Rensselaer,   Dr.  Wood,  and,  in- 
deed, every  other  officer  of  the  Board,  from  the  days 
of   Breckinridge   until  his  service  ended.      Among 
the  last  educational  schemes  that  enlisted  his  warm 
sympathies,  in  view  of  the  alarming  decrease  of  can- 
didates for  the  ministry,  was  the  satisfactory  estab- 
lishment of  the  Cortlandt-Van  Rensselear  Memorial 
Institute,  the  Ashmun  Institute,  and  the  College  for 
the  Northwest.     He  raised  more  money  and  means 
for  education  in  the  Presbyterian  Church  than  any  of 
his  coadjutors.    He  died  Jlay  23d,  1865,  in  the  seven- 
tieth year  of  his  age.     He  had  the  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Divinity  from  Washington  College,  Pa. 

Chestnut,  Rev.  Benjamin,  came  to  this  coun- 
try from  England;  was  licensed  by  the  Presbytery  of 
New  York  in  1749;  was  ordained  by  the  Presbytery 
of  New  Brunswick,  October  30th,  1751,  and  settled  at 
Woodbiu-y  and  Timber  Creek,  N.  J.  In  May,  1753, 
he  resigned  his  charge,  but  for  a  time  continued  to 
supply  the  congregations.  In  1756  he  settled  as  the 
pastor  of  Charleston  and  Providence  chirrches.  Pa. 
In  17G5  he  visited  the  South  on  a  missionary  tour. 
At  one  time  he  taught  a  school  about  twenty  miles 
from  Philadelphia.  Mr.  C.  was  a  laborious  and 
faithful  minister;  besides  his  regiUar  duties,  he  was 
untiring  in  fulfilling  the  appointments  of  Presbytery, 


cniniA  w. 


140 


CHRISTIAN. 


in  missionary  work,  extending  as  far  as  Egg  Harbor, 
X.  J.  and  the  adjacent  country  on  the  Atlantic  coast. 
He  (lied  in  177.). 

Chidla'w,  Benjamin  "W.,  D.  D.,  a  descendant  of 
a  family  of  llu;^ueni)t.s  who  fled  from  France  in  1G8.J, 
and  settled  in  North  Wales,  G.  B.,  was  born  in  Bala, 
July  14th,  1811.  Emigr.ited  with  his  parents  to  the 
United  States  in  1821.  Hisearly  home  wa.sin  Radnor, 
Delaware  county,  O.,  a  large  settlement  from  Wales. 
Here,  in  a  log  cabin  school  house,  with  a  Webster's 
spelling  book,  for  wliich  he  j>aid  four  p<Minds  of 
bntter,  he  commenced  his  education.  He  was  con- 
verted in  liis  childhood,  and  united  with  the  Presby- 
terian Church  of  IJ;iduor  in  182!).  In  1833  he  gradu- 
ated in  Miami  University,  Oxford,  O.  He  studied 
theology  under  Drs.  K.  H.  Bishop,  William  JIcGufl'ey 
and  J.  W.  Scott,  at  O.xford,  and  w:i.s  ordained  in  M:iy, 
1H3G.  In  the  same  j-ear  he  wtis  installed  pastor  of  a 
church  in  Butler  county,  O.  Soon  afterwards  he 
entered  the  missionary  service  of  the  American 
Sunday-schixd  Union  in  Ohio  and  Indiana,  laboring 
earnestly  and  succcs-sfully  in  organizing  schools  and 
elevating  the  .system  of  Bible  teaching,  and  laboring 
for  the  conversion  of  the  young,  and  their  culture  in 
the  service  of  Chri.st. 

In  1840  he  visited  Wales,  and  liis  preaching  in  the 
Welsh  langnnge  was  wonderfully  blessed.  In  the 
ehureli  at  Llann«<'lillyn,  North  Wales,  over  two 
hundred  souls  we're;  led  to  Christ  and  gathered  into 
it.s  fold.  In  1880  he  repn'.sented  the  American  Sun- 
daj'-school  Union  in  the  Robert  Raikes  Centennial, 
in  London,  G.  B.,  and  also  preached  in  many  places 
in  his  native  i)rincipality.  In  liis  missionary  labors  he 
cstiibli.shed  many  Sunday  Schools  and  eliurch<'s  in  the 
Welsh  .settlements  of  Ohio,  and  the  more  distant  West. 

Dr.  Chidlaw  is  .still  at  work  on  the  Sunday-school 
field,  active  and  vigorous  for  a  man  of  seventy-two 
years  of  age.  In  1882  he  ))reached  eighty-four  ser- 
mons, delivered  one  hundred  and  thirty-one  Sunday- 
school  addresses,  and  traveled  11,500  miles.  For 
twelve  years,  appointed  by  the  Governor  of  Ohio, 
and  continued  by  the  Senate,  he  was  Commi.ssioner 
of  the  Ohio  Reform  Farm  ScIkm)!  for  Boys,  at  Lan- 
caster, an  iniiMirtant  position,  for  which  he  was  well 
qualified,  and  in  which  liis  latnirs  of  love  in  behalf 
of  vicious,  wayward  and  criniinal  lioys  were  always 
aei'i-ptabli'  and  usi-ful,  in  leading  many  of  them  from 
the  evil  of  their  way,  and  to  a  good,  u.seful  life. 

In  visiting  County  roorhou.ses  the  condition  of 
pauper  children  deeply  iinpre8.se>d  his  heart  and  led 
him  to  labor  in  their  behalf.  Sunday  Schools  were 
established  for  their  beiielit,  and  in  many  counties 
"Children's  Homes"  were  built,  securing  tlw  com- 
j>lete  sepanition  of  the  cliildrcn  from  the  adult  jiopu- 
lation  of  those  institutions,  and  providing  fcir  them 
the  social,  intellectual  and  religiouseducation  needed 
to  jirepare  them  for  an  early  transfer  to  a  g(KMl  and 
safe  home  outside. 

On  the  platform  and  in  the  i)uli)it   Dr.   Chidlaw's 


WeLsh  fire,  clear  and  ringing  voice,  and  earnest  man- 
I  ner,  have  seldom  failed  to  arouse  and  hold  the  atten- 
]  tion  of  his  hearers.  In  the  .s;inctuary  or  in  the  grove, 
addressing  adults  or  children,  the  go.spel,  man  a 
sinner  and  Christ  a  &iviour  was  his  theme,  and  liLs 
Object  the  conversion  of  souls  to  Christ  and  a  true 
Christian  life.  He  has  written  .several  historical  frag- 
ments and  sermons,  which  have  lieen  published  and 
widely  circulated,  and  his  contributions  to  the  weekly 
religious  pajxTS  have  been  well  received  and  u.seful. 
I  Childs,  Silas  D.,  was  born  at  Conway,  Mxss.,  in 
171»3.  Completing  a  New  England  common-school 
eduaition,  he  entered  upon  a  clerk.ship  in  his  native' 
j  town,  but  left  for  Utica,  N.  Y.,  in  1816.  Here,  after 
;  being  for  a  time  clerk  and  l)ookkeeper,  he  engaged 
extensively  in  business.  Alive  to  the  public  welfare, 
he  attended  to  the  public  intenvsts  in  such  stations  as 
Bank  and  Factory,  and  R;iilway  Directorslii]is,  and 
as  a  Trustee  of  the  Female  .\c4ideniy,  and  the  Orjihan 
.Vsylum,  and  the  Cemetery  Association.  Upright, 
faithful,  honorable,  kind  and  sympathizing,  he  was 
always  the  modest  and  quiet,  and  dignified  gentle- 
man, never  suffering  taint,  or  the  siLspieion  of  it.  His 
sudden  death  was  greatly  lamented  .by  the  whole 
community,  .\mong  his  liberal  legacies  w;is  that  of 
$30,0(H)  Ibr  the  Chair  in  Hamilton  College  wliiih  bears 
his  name.  Mrs.  Childs  breathed  her  husband's  Ihucvo- 
lent  sjiirit,  and  by  the  addition  ol  ?(iO,000  to  his  gift, 
griatly  enlarged  his  project,  and  added  to  the  facili- 
ties of  Hamilton  College  for  imparting  both  a  scholarly 
and  practical  education;  and,  not  forgetting  other  ob- 
jects, she  erected,  at  her  own  cxpcn.se,  as  convenient 
and  beautiful  a  Chapel  for  the  Uticii  Cemetery,  as  ac- 
commodates and  a(li>riis  any  similar  place  in  the  land. 
Childs,  Thomas  S.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Spring- 
field, Mas.s.,  .January  lOth,  182.");  graduat<-d  at  the 
University  of  New  York  in  1847,  and  at  the  Theo- 
logical Seminary  at  I'rinceton,  in  18,")0.  He  was 
licensed  to  preach  the  gospel  by  the  Presbyterj'of  New 
York,  April  17th,  18;)0;  and  ordained  and  installed 
pastor  of  the  First  I*resb.vterian  Church,  Hartford, 
Conn.,  June  30th,  18.W.  On  February  7th,  18(;(i,  he 
w;is  installi-d  piustor  of  tlie  First  Congreg;itionaI 
Cliurih,  Norwalk,  Conn.  He  was  elected  Professor 
in  Hartford  Seminary  in  1S71 ;  w:ls  stated  supply  at 
Windsor,  l'<74-^0,  anil  was<hosen  Professor  in  Woo.s- 
ter  University,  Ohio,  in  18>I0,  which  ])osilion  he  h:is 
since  resigned.  Dr.  Cliilds  is  a  forcible  preacher 
and  an  interesting  writer.  He  has  publi.shed  sev- 
eral tracts  and  sermons.  In  lft.'>7  he  contributed  to 
the  I'rimrlon  lirririr,  "Tlieology  of  .John  Robinson," 
anil   ill    H(i3,  "The  Life  of  Kdward    Irving." 

Christian,  Rev.  Levi  Hunt,  w:i8  born  at 
.\lliany,  New  York,  .Vugiist  1st,  1^<17,  and  graduated 
at  New  Jers»-y  College,  ill  l-llO.  lie  wxs  Principal  of 
the  -Xcadeniy  at  Fredericksburg,  Va.,  miasionary  at 
lycwinsville  and  Fairfax,  184.V8;  ordained  an  evan- 
gelist by  the  Presbytery  of  Winchester,  OcIoImt  :I<1, 
1846 ;   p.xstor    of   Court   Street   Church,    Rochester, 


CHRISTIAN  OBSERVER. 


141 


CHURCH  OF  THE  COVEXAXT. 


N.  Y.,  1849-50;  associate  pastor  of  F.  Street  Church, 
■Washington,  D.  C,  1850-51;  pastor  of  the  First 
Church,  Camden,  N.  J.,  1351-53;  pastor  elect  at 
Hamilton,  Ohio,  1855;  and  pastor  of  the  Xorth 
Church,  PhilacU-lphia,  Pa.,  1855-G4.  He  died  at 
rhiladclphia,  October  23d,  1864.  Jlr.  Christian  was 
an  earnest  and  exemplary  Christian.  As  a  preacher 
he  was  able  and  faithful.  He  wrote  with  force,  and 
several  of  his  sermons,  excellent  in  substance  and 
stylo,  were  given  to  the  public. 

Christian  Observer.  The  conception  of  the 
religious  newspaper  press,  as  it  exists  in  this  coun- 
try, probably  originated  with  the  Kev.  John  Holt 
Rice,  D.  D.,  the  founder  of  Union  Theological  Semi- 
nary, in  Virginia.  Impressed  with  the  possibilities 
of  its  usefulness  and  its  power,  he  had  earnest  con- 
ference with  the  late  Dr.  Archibald  Alexander,  of 
Princeton,  who  secured  the  establishment  of  the 
Rcligioiui  Rcnumhra/iccr,  in  Philadelphia.  Its  first 
number  was  issued  September  4th,  1813,  by  Eev. 
John  W.  Scott.  This  was  probably  the  first  religious 
newspaper  ever  published  in  this  country. 

The  following  Spring  the  Rev.  John  Andrews 
started,  in  Cliillicothe,  Ohio,  a  pai>er  modeled  after 
this  one,  which  was  afterwarils  merged  into  the  Prcs- 
bi/termn  Banner,  of  Pittsburg,  Pa.  One  of  Dr.  Eice's 
elders,  David  I.  Burr,  carried  the  idea  to  Boston,  and 
organized  there  a  joint-stock  company,  which  com- 
menced the  public;itiou  of  the  Boston  Recorder,  about 
1817,  with  Sidney  E.  Morse  (who  subsequently 
founded  the  Xew  York  Obserrer)  as  its  editor. 

Dr.  J.  H.  Rice  himself  started  a  Presbyterian 
newspaper  in  Richmond,  Ya.,  in  1822.  It  was  known 
as  the  Family  Viaitor.  He  conducted  it  for  about  five 
years;  but,  finding  the  labor  too  heavy  iu  connection 
with  his  p;istoral  labor,  the  Rev.  Amas:i  Converse, 
then  laboring  as  au  evangelist  in  Nottoway  county, 
Ya.,  took  charge  of  it,  iu  Febru:iry,  1827,  and  changed 
its  name  to  the  Southern  Religious  Telegraph. 

"When  the  di.scussions  were  pending  that  resulted 
in  the  disruption  of  the  Presbj-terian  Church,  in  1837, 
the  paper  labored  earnestly  to  prevent  the  division, 
but  when  it  was  accomplished,  took  its  stand  with 
the  New  School — not  advocating  the  peculiiu-  doctrinal 
views  of  le.iders  in  the  New  S<-hool  party,  but 
earnestly  contending  for  "the  principles  of  church 
government  which  it  believed  were  violated  in  the 
disruption.  In  18:>!)  the  Philadelphia  Obserrer  (the 
successor  of  the  Religious  Remembrancer)  was  united 
with  the  Southern  Religious  Telegraph,  and  the  united 
paper,  now  known  as  the  Christian  Obserivr,  with 
Dr.  Converse  as  its  editor,  was  published  iu  Phila- 
delphia. In  consequence  of  difficulties  growing  out 
of  the  war,  the  Obserrer  was,  iu  1861,  transferred  to 
Richmond,  Ya.,  where  it  grew  steadily  in  favor  with 
the  Southern  Presbyterian  Church.  It  contributed 
its  influence  to  effect  the  reunion  of  the  Presb\-terian 
Church  in  the  .South,  in  1864.  In  18(!U  it  w;is  united  with 
the  Free  Christian  Commonwealth,  of  Louisville,  and 


since  that  time  has  been  published  in  Louisville,  Ky., 
occupying  the  position,  not  of  a  Synodieal  paper,  but 
a  paper  for  the  whole  Southern  Presbj-terian  Church, 
in  which  ministers  and  others,  in  all  parts  of  the 
Church,  freely  interchange  views  on  questions  of 
general  interest. 

The  Christian  Observer  was  edited  by  Rev.  A.  Con- 
verse, D.  D.,  until  his  death,  at  the  age  of  seventy- 
seven  years.  His  eldest  son,  Rev.  F.  Bartlett  Converse, 
became  associated  ■nith  him,  as  editor,  in  June,  1858. 
Rev.  Amasa  Converse  died  in  December,  1872.  At  his 
de;»th,  his  sou.  Rev.  James  B.  Couvei-se,  joined  in  the 
editorial  work.  The  pajier,  which  h;is  attained  to  a 
circulation  surpassed  by  very  few  papers  in  the 
Southern  States,  is  now  edited  and  published  by  two 
sons  of  its  old  editor.  Rev.  F.  B.  and  Rev.  Thomas 
E.  Converse. 

Christianity,  G-ro'wth  of.  Dr.  Dorchester 
makes  the  foUowiug  estimate  : — 

PROTESTANT  FOEEIQJf   MISSIOXS. 

XCMDEB  OF  CHEISTIAX    COSVEETS    IS    THE  WORLD. 

A.  D.  ISiO.  A.  D.  l.<.">0.  A.  D.  1880. 

X.  .\morica. GO.IKIO  'J7,7G9  12o,;)3l 

Asin 3,069  iV>SO  24.'),GS6 

Africa 2,0(13  21,r>,iO  1(U,704 

Oceauica 2,167  4S,'J99  128,696 


POPULATION  UNDER  CHEISTIAX  GOVEEXMEXTS. 
A 


\.  r.  1500 100,(K»,000 

"      1700 165,000,000 


.  D.  1S30... 

1870... 


:v«s,ooo.noo 

685,000,000 


A.  D. 


XOMIXAL  CHEISTI.^XS  IX   THE  WORLD. 

400 lo.mxi.oiio  I  X.  D.  ism 200,000,000 


800 3tl.(KK>,0>10 

1000 8O,CIOl«,O0O 

1500 101i,U»0,000  I 


ISSO..  41(l,(KIO,0OII 

"   2000 1,200,000,000 

at  same  tute  uf  pn)gr«ss. 

AREA   OF   THE   EARTH. 
(52,002,470  square  miles.) 
A.  D.  1500.  Sii«are  llOes. 

Possessed  by  Pagans  and  Mohammedans 4S,284,fiS7 

*•  "  Christians - 3,777,7SJ 

A.  D.  ISSO. 

Possessed  by  Pagans  and  Mohammedans 19,642,850 

"  Rumiin  Catholics 9,304,305 

"  Greek  Church 8,778,128 

"  "  rrot.stanis  14,;i:i7,187— 

"  "  Christiana 32,419,020 

Church  of  the  Covenant,  Nevsr  York  City. 
The  first  religious  service  which  issued  iu  the  organi- 
Kitiou  of  the  Church  of  the  Covenant  was  held  in  the 
chapel  of  the  Home  for  the  Friendless,  in  Twenty- 
Ninth  street,  near  }Iadison  avenue,  on  the  l;»st  Sunday 
in  November,  in  1860.  In  the  Autumn  of  1861  the 
place  of  meeting  was  changed  to  Dodworth's  new 
studio  building,  on  the  corner  of  Filth  avenue  and 
Twenty-sixth  street.  Here,  on  the  evening  of  March 
21st,  1862,  at  a  meeting  of  the  congregation,  of  which 
Dr.  Skinner  was  the  Sloderator,  and  Benjamin  F. 
Butler  Secretiry,  eighty-three  persons  presented  cer- 
tificates of  dismission  from  various  churches.  Her- 
man Gritfin,  Gurdou  Buck,  M.  D.,  and  Frederick  G. 
Burnham,  were  then  elected  and  set  ap;irt  to  the 
office  of  ruling  elder. 

At  a  meeting  held  on  the  Sabbath,  March  30th, 
1862,  Rev.  Thomas  H.  Skiuncr,  D.  D.,  presiding,  the 
Rev.  George  L.  Prentiss,  n.  B.,  was  elected  pastor  of 
the  new  church,  and  was  duly  installed  by  the  Fonrth 


CHUBCB  MORTGAGES. 


142 


CHURCH  MORTGAGES. 


Presbytery  of  New  York,  on  the  11th  of  May,  1862. 
The  name,  "Church  of  the  Covenant,"  was  adopted 
at  a  meeting  held  on  Friday,  April  4th,  1862.  The 
corner-stone  of  the  present  edifice  was  laid  on  the  5th 
of  November,  18G3,  and  the  chapel  was  first  occupied 
for  worship  on  the  22d  of  Hay,  1864.  On  the  30th 
of  April,  186.5,  the  church  was  dedicated,  and  two 
years  later  the  parsonage  was  finished.  On  the  12th 
of  February,  1873,  Dr.  Prentiss  resigned  the  jiastorate, 
to  accept  the  Chair  of  Pastoral  Theologj',  Church 
Polity,  and  Jlissionary  Work,  in  Union  Theological 
Seminary.  On  Wednesday  evening,  April  2d,  1873, 
the  Eev.  Mar\-in  K.  Vincent,  D.  D.,  pastor  of  the  First 
Presbyterian  Church  of  Troy,  N.  Y.,  was  elected  to 
the  pastorate,  and  was  iustalled  on  Thursday  evening, 
May  8th,  1873.     In  this  relation  he  still  continues. 

The  most  no-  ^^ -.--^-— _. 

ticeable   public  ~ 

incident  in  the 

history    of   the 

church  was  the 

meeting      here 

of      the      New 

School   General 

A.ssembly,      in 

May,  1869,  the 

other  Assembly 

meeting  at  the 

same    time,    in 

the      Brick 

Church. 

Church 
Mortgages. 
The  foUowhit; 
extract  from  an 
anniversary  ser- 
mon of  the  Eev. 
S.  F.  Clark,  on 
this  subject,  is 
well  worthy  of 
permanent  re- 
cord :— 

"But  somehow 
same  mortgage. 


■'^vV.'C'^^^VCsiV 


the  last  of  that 
It  is  talked  aliout. 


we  never  hear 
It  is  thought  of 
It  frets  and  chafes  continually  the  minds  of,  perhaps, 
nine  men  who  are  called  trustees  ;  by  which  we  mean 
those  who  attend  to  the  disagreeable  and  expensive 
part  of  the  establishment,  and  who  are  expected 
never  to  speak  of  their  troubles.  The  mortgage  be- 
comes, by  and  by,  the  most  influential  thing  about 
the  church.  It  is  but  a  piece  of  pajjcr.  Not  three 
men  in  the  congregation  ever  saw  it.  It  is  stored 
away  in  some  dark  vault,  and  has  a  dozen  curious 
bolts  turned  on  it.  It  could  escape  from  the  dungeons 
of  the  Inquisition  as  easily  as  from  its  present  place. 
And  yet  that  same  piece  of  pajx-r  becomes  the  terror 
of  the  community.  It  drinks  up,  like  a  sponge,  the 
thoughts,  affections  and  energies  of  the  people.  It 
stands  at  the  church  door,  like  the  angel  in  Balaam's 


path,  and  makes  the  approaching  worshipers  pass 
on  to  some  church  where  there  is  no  mortgage.  It 
builds  itself  a  throne  in  the  sanctuary,  and  thence 
looks  down  with  stern  eyes,  which  remind  us  of  the 
New  England  tithing-man,  who  once  kept  order  in 
the  meeting-house.  It  puts  its  hands  over  the  plates 
when  missionary  collections  are  taken  up,  and  says, 
'  Not  too  much  ;  that  quarter's  interest  falls  due 
next  month,  and  you  must  have  a  subscription  to 
raise  it. '  It  rc%'iews  the  card  of  benevolent  collec- 
tions, and  strikes  off  what  causes  it  will,  that  there 
may  not  be  too  many.  It  forbids  enlarging  the 
Sunday-school  room,  although  that  swarms  with 
children ;  and  it  is  opposed  to  mission  schools, 
because  these  things  are  accomplished  by  that  same 
money  which  the  mortgage  must  have.     This  same 

,  -  ^.-^  --,-„,_,s«- piece   of   paper 

*^^  has  a  wondrous 

power  of  trans- 
mutation. It 
transforms  it- 
self into  a 
heavy  and  im- 
palpable mist, 
and  floats  off 
into  the  jjastor's 
study.  It  af- 
fects his  spirits. 
It  clogs  his 
brain.  It  hia- 
ders  all  his 
plans  of  useful- 
ness  for  the 
church.  It 
holds  him, 
with  inexorable 
force,  on  the 
very  borders  of 
a  hundred  use- 
ful projects — 
forbidding  him 

them  until  the  debt  is  paid.  It  depreciates  him  in 
his  own  eyes,  until  it  t;ikes  half  his  mental  energies 
to  keep  his  brain  in  working  order.  It  at  length 
depreciates  him  every  where.  And  as  to  th(?  chang- 
ing of  pastoral  relations,  it  makes  sport  of  them  ; 
and,  like  the  centurion,  says  '  to  this  nuui,  go,  and 
he  goeth ;  and  to  another,  come,  and  he  cometh.' 
The  sacred  affections  which  belong  to  those  relations 
are  no  more,  in  his  path,  than  so  much  flax  before  the 
flame. 

"At  length  the  pastor's  vacation  comes.  He  goes 
away  to  gather  ideas  and  health  among  the 
mountains.  He  climbs  the  beetling  crags,  from 
which  he  scares  the  eagle,  and  theu  looks  off  ujion 
God's  world,  and  feels  his  soul  gromng  larger  with 
every  breath.  He  forgets  how  long  he  has  been  a 
slave.     He  is  a  free  man  now.     But  very  soon  he 


CHURCH,  SECOND,  CLEVELAND. 


143 


CLARK. 


thinks  of  his  people.  It  is  for  them  he  studies  in 
Nature's  school.  He  looks  around  for  thcra.  He 
breathes  In  that  mountain  air,  that  he  may  breathe 
it  out  again  upon  them.  He  stores  his  mind,  his 
imagination,  his  taste,  with  ideas  and  illustrations, 
which  he  dedicates  to  them.  But  see  his  counte- 
nance changing  !  His  eye  is  less  glowing.  His  heart 
less  swelling.  He  muses.  The  great  panorama 
ceases  to  charm  him.  The  mind  has  gone  in  upon 
itself.  It  has  found  some  gloomy  associations. 
What  are  they?  Ah,  the  mortgage  is  there  !  It  has 
climbed  the  mount;iin  with  him.  It  has  put  its 
veil  over  his  eyes,  dimming  the  glories  of  nature. 
The  thought  of  his  dear  people  was  one  link  in  the 
chain  of  as.sociation  ;  the  next,  and  the  next  suc- 
ceeded, and  then  c;ime  the  great  fact  that  he  would 
go  home  only  to  be  a  slave  again,  and  crouch 
beneath  the  sceptre  of  that  same  old  mortgage." 

Church,  Second  Presbsrterian,  Cleveland, 
O.  This  Church  was  organized  June  12th,  18-14,  by 
the  Presbytery  of  Cleveland,  Rev.  S.  C.  Aiken,  D.D., 
officiating.  Of  the  fifty-eight  original  members,  all 
but  five  were  from  the  First  Presbyterian  Church. 
Their  first  house  of  worship  was  purcha.sed  from  the 
Congregational  Church.  It  was  a  frame  building,  on 
the  Northwest  corner  of  the  park,  on  the  lot  West 
of  the  County  Court  House.  It  was  occupied  by 
this  church  from  September,  18-14,  to  July,  1851, 
when  it  was  sold  to  the  Erie  Street  Baptist  Church, 
and  by  them  removed  to  the  corner  of  Erie  and  Ohio 
Streets,  where  it  now  stands.  The  Second  Church 
then  occupied  a  new  and  substantial  edifice  which 
they  had  erected  on  Superior  Street  east  of  the  park. 
To  this  a  chapel  was  added  in  1870.  These  buildings 
were  destroyed  by  fire  on  the  morning  of  the  ninth 
of  October,  1876,  and  for  two  years  the  congregation 
worshiped  in  public  halls,  first  in  the  Opera  House, 
afterwards  in  Case  Hall.  Meanwhile  an  eligible  site 
had  been  secured  up  town,  and  a  new,  elegant  stone 
edifice  with  chapel  adjoining,  was  erected,  wliich  the 
church  occupied  for  the  first  time  on  the  twentieth  of 
October,  1878. 

Eev.  Shermans.  Caufield,  D.  D.,  was  installed  the 
first  pastor  September  3d,  1844,  and  dismissed  Ai)ril 
23d,  1854.  Rev.  James  Eells,  D.  D.,  was  installed 
January  2J!th,  1855,  and  dismissed  April  3d,  1860. 
Rev.  Theron  H.  Hawks,  D.  D.,  was  installed  April 
24th,  1861,  and  dismissed  April  7th,  1868.  Rev. 
James  Eells,  d.d.,  was  again  installed  December  16th, 
1869,  and  dismissed  June  21st,  1873.  Rev.  Charles 
S.  Pomeroy,  D.  D.,  the  present  pastor,  was  installed 
June  22d,  1873. 

The  church  numbers  now  (1883)  more  tlian  seven 
hundred  and  fifty  members,  with  a  large  and  influen- 
ential  congregation,  and  is  eminent  for  its  unity, 
zeal  and  benevolence  in  all  Christian  and  charitable 
work.  The  Woodland  avenue  Presbyterian  Church 
and  the  Willson  avenue  Presbyterian  Church  are  its 
prosperous  offshoots. 


Clark,  Frederick  G-.,  D.  D.,  was  bom  at  Water- 
bury,  Conn.,  December  13th,  1819.  He  graduated 
at  the  New  York  University  in  1842,  and  at  the 
Union  Theological  Seminary  of  New  York  in  1845. 
Ha\-ing  preached  a  year  and  a  half  at  Greenwich, 
Conn.,  he  became  pastor  of  the  Presbyterian  Church 
at  Astoria,  Long  Island,  N.  Y.  After  six  years'  labor 
in  this  place,  he  was  called  to  West  Twenty-third 
Street  Presbyterian  Church,  N.  Y.,  where,  under  his 
ministry,  an  imposing  house  of  worship  was  erected 
and  a  vigorous  congregation  gathered.  From  1867  to 
1871  he  was  pa,stor  of  the  church  in  Greenwich,  in 
which  he  commenced  his  ministry.  In  1872  lie  was 
installed  pastor  of  the  Tompkins  Avenue  Presbyte- 
rian Church,  BrookljTi,  N,  Y.,  where  a  substantial 
congregation  soon  gathered  under  his  ministry.     He 


FREDERICK   O.  CLARK,  D.  D. 

is  now  the  esteemed  and  useful  pastor  of  the  Second 
Street  Presbyterian  Church,  Troy,  N.  Y. 

Dr.  Clark  is  a  man  of  a  noble,  pious,  consistent 
life,  and  one  whose  conversation  and  deportment  are 
not  less  fascinating  than  useful.  He  is  a  very 
accept;ible  preacher,  having  nothing  sensational  in 
his  style,  but,  on  the  contrary,  leaning  to  the  most 
rigid  models  of  pulpit  propriety.  His  sermons,  which 
are  able  expositions  of  go.spel  truth,  are  %\Tittcn  with 
clearness  and  pointedness,  and  with  much  scholarly 
finish.  His  gifted  and  devout  mind  and  clear 
common  sense  give  him  great  power  as  a  preacher. 
Dr.  Clark  is  the  author  of  a  memoir,  entitled  "  The 
Life  Work  of  JIary  M.  Maynard, ' '  and  many  published 
sermons.  He  is  also  a  frequent  and  popular  con- 
tributor to  religious  journals. 


CLARK. 


144 


CLARK. 


Clark,  James,  D.  D.,  -was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  March  9th,  1812.  He  graduated  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania  in  1830,  and  was  ordained  by 
the  Presbytery  of  Isew  Brunswick,  November  8th, 
1837.  He  has  been  pastor  of  the  Tennent  Church, 
Freehold,  X.  J.,  183T-9;  pastor  of  Upper  and  Lower 
Mt.  Bethel,  1839;  pa.stor  at  Belvidere,  X.  J.,  1840-50; 
President  of  Washington  College,  Pa.,  18oO-'2,  and 
pastor  at  Lewisburg,  Pa.,  185-2-7.  Since  resigning 
the  last  charge.  Dr.  Clark  has  resided  in  Philadel- 
phia, where  he  has  been  usefully  engaged  in  Avritiug 
occasionally  for  the  religious  press,  assisting  his  min- 
isterial brethren,  and  supplying  vacant  pulpits,  as 
opportunity  has  offered.  He  is  a  gentleman  of  pol- 
ished manners,  of  great  personal  dignity,  an  instructs 
ive  preacher,  a  vigorous  writer,  and  eminently  con- 
scientious in  the  discharge  of  what  he  regards  a.s  duty. 

Clark,  Rev.  John  Flavel,  was  born  in  Allen- 
town,  X.  J.,  17S4.  His  father  was  Joseph  Clark,  D.  D., 
one  of  the  most  prominent  pastors  of  the  Synod  of 
Xew  Jersey.  He  graduated  from  Princeton  College, 
1807,  among  the  first  of  his  cla.ss.  He  then  engaged 
in  teaching,  in  the  State  of  Georgia.  Commenced  the 
study  of  theology  in  Andover,  1810.  In  1812  he  was 
chosen  Tutor  in  Princeton,  which  position  he  held 
three  years,  pursuing  his  theological  studies  under 
Dr.  Green.  June  14th,  1315,  he  was  ordained  and 
installed  pastor  of  Presbyterian  Church,  Flemington, 
X.  J.  HLs  ministry  there  was  very  successful.  In 
1820  this  charge  was  connected  with  the  First  Ann- 
ville,  and  the  two  churches  were  under  his  care  until 
1836.  He  then  resigned,  and  became  pastor  of  the 
First  Presbj-terian  Church,  Paterson,  X.  J.,  1836-42. 
Thence  he  went  to  the  Presbyterian  Church  of  Oyster 
Bay,  Long  Island,  where  he  remained  only  a  year. 
He  then  settled  over  the  Presbyterian  Church  of 
FishkiU  Village,  X.  Y.,  where  he  died,  at  the  age  of 
sixty-nine,  in  18.53.  He  was  a  kind,  unselfish  man; 
an  exceedingly  agreeable  companion,  full  of  talk  and 
wit;  an  amiable  and  faithful  minister.  His  person 
w;is  large  and  portly,  with  a  beaming  countenance. 

Clark,  Rev.  Joseph,  was  born  at  Carlisle,  Pa., 
October  11th,  1825.  He  graduated  at  Marshall  Col- 
lege, then  located  at  Mercersburg,  with  the  highest 
honors,  in  1848;  received  his  theological  training  at 
the  Western  Theological  Seminary,  and  was  liecn.scd  to 
preach  the  gospel  by  the  Presbj-tery  of  Carlisle,  .lune 
11th,  1851.  On  the  third  of  June,  1852,  he  was  or- 
dained and  installed  pastor  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  at  Chambcrsburg,  Pa.  Here  he  labored  with 
great  acceptance  till  October  1859,  when,  in  conse- 
quence of  a  disea.se  of  the  throat,  which  made  public 
speaking  perilous,  he  resigned  the  charge,  and  en- 
gaged in  secular  business,  with  the  hope  of  restoring 
his  health.  Mr.  Clark's  aim,  as  a  pjistor,  was  to  in- 
struct from  the  pulpit,  and  by  di.'<seminating  among 
the  people  the  publications  of  the  Cliurch;  his  time 
was  therefore  spent  in  pulpit  preparation  rather  than 
in  social   visitations    among  them.      He   was  very 


methodical  in  the  distribution  of  his  time,  and  set 
apart  a  large  proportion  to  reading  and  writing.  He 
was  a  forcible  writer  and  a  bold  investigator  of  truth, 
and  pushed'  his  researches  into  every  pro^■ince  of 
physical  and  moral  science,  as  ^Ttll.as  into  theology. 
In  1862  he  contributed  to  the  Princeton  Review  an 
article  on  "The  HLstory  and  Theory  of  Revolutions," 
and  in  1863,  another  article  on  "The  Skepticism  of 
Science,"'  both  of  which  attracted  con.siderable  atten- 
tion at  the  time  of  publication,  ilr.  Clark  died  June 
7th,  1865. 

Clark,  Joseph,  D.D.,  was  born  near  Elizabeth- 
town,  X.  J.,  October  21st,  1751.  He  was  trained  to 
the  carpenter's  trade,  but  after  he  passed  his  twen- 
tieth year  he  resolved  to  become  a  minister  of  the 
gospel.  He  graduated  at  Princeton  College,  in  1781, 
and  studied  theology  under  the  direction  of  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Woodhull,  of  Jlonmouth.  He  was  licen.sed  to 
preach,  April  23d,  1783,  by  the  Presbj'tery  of  Xew 
Brunswick,  supplied  the  church  at  AUentown,  X.  J., 
for  six  months,  was  ordained  by  the  same  Presbytery, 
Sine  titulo,  to  the  work  of  the  ministry,  June  15th, 
1784,  and  was  iiLstalled  pastor  of  the  church  at  Allen- 
town,  in  June,  1788.  In  1796  he  took  charge  of  the 
congregation  in  Xew  Brunswick,  where  he  continued 
till  the  close  of  life.  By  appointment  of  the  General 
Assembly,  in  1798  and  1799,  Sir.  Clark  was  agent  to 
collect  funds  for  destitute  congregations  in  different 
parts  of  the  country,  and  was  very  successful  in  the 
work.  After  the  burning  of  the  College  of  Xew  Jer- 
sey, in  March,  1802,  he  also  made  liberal  collections 
to  repair  the  extensive  loss.  In  1802  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Corporation  of  the  College  of  Xew 
Jersey,  and  continued  so  until  his  death.  He  was 
also,  for  many  successive  years,  a  member  of  the 
Committee  of  Missions,  which  acted  by  the  appoint- 
ment and  under  the  direction  of  the  General  Assem- 
bly. He  died,  October  19th,  1813.  Dr.  Clark  pos- 
sessed a  mind  originally  of  superior  order,  and 
enlarged  and  accomplished  by  much  reading  and 
study.  In  the  pulpit  he  was  always  solemn,  digni- 
fied and  in.structive.  In  debate  he  had  a  remarkable 
talent  both  to  .scrutinize  and  to  defeat  the  arguments 
and  aims  of  his  adversary.  In  the  details  of  business 
few  men  probably  have  surpas.scd  him.  In  all  his 
walk  through  life,  with  the  politeness  and  affability 
of  the  man  of  literature  and  the  gentleman  he  min- 
gled that  purity  of  conversation  and  that  savor  of 
devotion  which  ought  ever  to  characterize  a  minister 
of  Jesus  Christ. 

Clark,  Robert,  the  son  of  WiUiam  and  Margaret 
Clark,  was  bom  near  Carlisle,  Pa.,  July  2d,  1774, 
and  there  he  died  .January  7th,  1856.  He  had  been 
ordained  a  ruling  elder  in  the  First  Church,  in  October 
of  1814,  and  when  the  Second  Church  was  organized, 
in  January  of  1833,  he  was  elected  one  of  the  first 
three  elilers.  Among  many  of  the  ministry  and 
eldership  of  our  Church,  ,is  well  as  a  large  circle  of 
personal  irlcnds,  he  was  well  known,  and  his  life  and 


CLARKE. 


145 


CLARKE. 


character  had  secured  for  him  no  ordinary  measure  of 
esteem  and  admiration.  For  more  than  forty  years 
he  had  been  a  ruling  elder,  and  he  discharged  its 
functions  with  a  vigor,  efficiency  and  wisdom,  which 
endeared  him  to  all  the  pastors  with  whom  he  labored. 
His  love  for  the  Church  was  ardent  and  deep,  and 
her  interests  always  lay  near  his  heart.  His  character 
was  of  the  order  sublime.  He  was  a  large-hearted, 
noble-mLnded,  Christian  man,  combining  firmness 
and  strength  mth  tenderness  and  generosity,  and 
serious  earnestness  with  great  cheerfulness.  His 
integrity  was  recognized  by  all  who  knew  him  as  of 
the  most  sterling  and  unbending  character.  He 
was  an  admirable  type  of  the  men  of  a  former  age. 
His  last  Ulness  was  brief,  and  his  summons  sudden; 
but  he  was  waiting  for  his  Lord;  shared  largely  in 
His  grace,  and  to  him  it  was  permitted  to  be  a 
beautiful  esemplitication  of  the  language  of  the 
Temanite:  "Thou  shalt  come  to  thy  grave  in  a  full 
age,  like  a  shock  of  corn  cometh  in  his  season."  | 

Jlr.  Clark  was  the  honored  lather  of  honored 
children,  and  a  father  of  whose  memory  his  children 
and  his  grandchildren  may  be  justly  proud  and 
emulous.  Three  of  his  sons  became  ruling  elders  in 
the  Presbyterian  Church,  in  as  many  different  places, 
and  one  was  the  scholarly  preacher  and  beloved  pastor  1 
of  the  FalUng  Spring  Presbvterian  Church,  in  Cham- 
bersburg,  Pa.  ' "  The  memory  of  the  j  ust  is  blessed. ' ' 
Clarke,  Rev.  Albert  Bro'WTi,  the  son  of  John 
and  JIury  Clarke,  was  born  in  Schellsburg,  Pa.,  July 
14th,  1^117.  He  was  educated  at  Dickinson  College, 
and  studied  theology  in  the  "Western  Theological 
Seminary.  He  was  licensed  by  the  Presbytery  of 
Carlisle,  in  1S41,  and  supplied  the  Clnirch  of  Bedford 
six  months.  He  then  became  pa.stor  of  the  Church 
of  Ligonier,  Pa.,  and  established,  successfully,  a 
Female  Seminary.  For  nearly  a  year  he  acted  as 
Financial  Agent  for  the  endowment  of  Washington 
College,  Pa.  Al'terwards  he  took  charge  of  the 
Church  at  Altoona,  Pa.  Here  he  spent  his  best  days; 
for  the  building  up  and  efficiency  of  this  church  he 
devoted  his  ripe  experience  and  final  eftbrt;  around 
it  were  gathered  his  last  prayers  and  hoi)es,  and  in 
its  order,  harmony,  strength,  and  love,  he  realized 
the  tokens  of  his  5Ia.ster's  presence,  and  the  just 
reward  of  a  faithful  servant.  He  died  July  oth, 
1863.  Mr.  Clarke  had  a  clear  and  well-balanced 
mind,  a  correct  judgment,  much  practical  wisdom, 
unbending  integrity,  and  steadfastness  of  purpose. 
He  was  eminently  characterized  by  self-control,  dig- 
nity, c^jurtesy  and  kindness.  As  a  pastor  he  was 
ever  iiuthful.  As  a  pulpit  speaker  he  was  cle;ir, 
methodical.  Scriptural,  earnest  and  practical.  He 
delighted  to  "declare  the  whole  counsel  of  God." 
and  to  see  his  charge  grow  in  numbers,  spirituality 
and  efficiency.  By  the  churches  and  brethren  who 
knew  him  well,  he  was  honored  and  beloved. 

Clarke,  David  D.,  D.  D.,  the  son  of  Samuel  and 
Mary  (Dtmcan)  Clarke,  was  born  near  Shippensburg, 
10 


Pa.,  in  October,  1810.  Graduated  at  Jefferson  Col- 
lege, in  1831,  and  at  Princeton  Theological  Seminary; 
was  licensed  by  Carlisle  Presbytery,  in  1837,  and  was 
installed  pastor  of  the  Church  in  Schellsburg,  Pa., 
where  he  was  quite  successful.  He  became  pastor  of 
Lower  Marsh  Creek  Church,  Adams  county.  Pa.,  in 
1843,  where  he  remained  thirteen  years.  In  1856  he 
was  installed  pastor  of  the  churches  of  Waynesbnrg  and 
Xewton  Hamilton,  Huntingdon  county.  Pa.,  where 
his  labors  were  much  blessed.  This  rehition  con- 
tinued tmtil  his  death  December  30th,  1865.  Dr. 
Clarke  was  an  eminently  devoted  and  conscientious 
minister  of  the  gospel.  His  character  w;is  strongly 
marked  by  himiility  and  dignity.  He  left  a  stainless 
reputation,  and  a  memory  of  unwonted  fragrance,  in 
every  congregation  he  served.  The  faithfulness  and 
earnestness  of  his  preaching,  the  point  and  tenderness 
of  his  pastoral  counsels,  made  a  deep  impression, 
while  his  gentleness,  firmness,  prudence  and  wisdom 
in  presbyterial  and  ordinary  social  relations  endeared 
him  to  all  who  knew  him. 

Clarke,  Henry  Steele,  D.  D.,  was  bom  in 
Somers,  Coun.,  in  isls.  His  literary  education  was 
begun  in  Hamilton  College,  X.  Y. ,  and  was  continued 
at  Yale  College,  Conn.,  where  he  graduated  in  Sep- 
tember, 1841.  His  first  charge  was  at  WUloughby, 
Ohio.  He  was  installed  pastor  at  Manchester,  X.  H., 
September  20th,  1849,  and  his  ministry  in  that  con- 
gregation continued  untU  1852,  when  he  accepted  the 
cordial  and  unanimous  call  of  the  Central  Presby- 
terian Church,  Philadelphia,  where  he  labored  with 
great  zeal  and  success  untU  his  death,  January  17th, 
1864.  Dr.  Clarke's  abUities  as  a  preacher  were 
always  acknowledged  to  be  of  a  high  order.  He  had 
a  graceful  presence,  a  persuasive  manner  and  exact 
and  careful  taste,  good  judgment,  a  quick  fancy,  an 
acute  and  discriminating  intellect.  As  a  pastor  he 
was  no  less  efficient  and  successful  than  as  a  preacher. 
He  was  an  accomplished  gentleman,  an  earnest  Chris- 
tian, a  faithful  friend,  and  greatly  beloved  by  his 
brethren  and  the  people  of  his  charge. 

Clarke,  Hon.  Hovey  Kilbum,  son  of  Hovey 
and  Sarah  (Kilburn)  Clarke,  was  born  in  Sterling, 
Mass.,  July  11th,  1812.  His.school  days  were  spent 
mostly  in  the  academies  at  Utica  and  Clinton,  X.  Y., 
and  in  Phillips  Academy,  at  Andover,  JIass.,  from 
1821  to  1828.  From  1816  to  1831  his  home  was  in 
Utica;  then  five  years  in  Canandaigua,  X.  Y.,  where 
he  studied  law.  He  removed  to  Michigan  in  1836, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  Bar  in  1839.  He  was 
Prosecuting  Attorney  for  Allegan  county,  Mich.,  in 
1842-43,  and  for  Calhoun  count\-  in  1851-52.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  House  of  Kepresentatives,  for 
Calhoun  county,  in  1850.  In  1852  he  removed  to 
Detroit,  and  a  few  years  afterward  was  appointed,  by 
the  Governor  of  Jlichigan,  one  of  the  Commissioners 
to  compile  the  general  statutes  of  the  State.  He  was 
also  one  of  the  Board  of  Control  of  Kailroad  Land 
Grants,  from  1861  to  1865.    In  1867  he  was  appointed 


CLARKE. 


146 


COBB. 


United  States  Registrar  in  Bankruptcy  for  the  Eastern 
District  of  Jlichigan.  He  -was  first  elected  an  elder 
in  1837,  in  the  Presbyterian  Church  at  Allegan, 
Mich.  Since  that  time  he  has  held  the  oifice  in  the 
Reformed  (Dutch)  Church  in  Allegan,  in  the  Presby- 
terian Cliurch  in  Marshall,  in  the  Second  (now 
Fort  Street)  Church,  iu  the  Westminster  Church,  in 
Detroit.  He  has  been  a  Commissioner  to  the  Geu- 
eral  Assembly  in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  in  1857;  iu  Roch- 
ester, N.  Y.,  in  1860;  in  Philadelphia  in  1861;  in 
Columbus  in  1862;  in  Peoria,  111.,  in  1863;  in  St. 
Louis  in  1866;  in  Cincinnati  in  1867;  and  in  Spring- 
field, 111.,  in  1882.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Domestic  Jlissions  in  1860,  1864,  and  1868; 
and  of  the  Board  of  Publication  in  1867,  to  fill  a 
vacancy,  and  in  1868.  In  1866  he  was  appointed  a 
member  of  the  Joint  Committee  on  the  Reunion  of 
the  Presbyterian  Church.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Directors  of  the  Theological  Seminary  of  the 
Northwest  from  1865  to  1869. 

Mr.  Clarke  deserves  to  be  remembered,  both  for  his 
character  and  his  usefulness.  He  is  a  man  of  very 
clear  convictions  and  positive  opinions.  By  his 
unquestioned  ability,  unblemished  integrity  and 
affectionate  nature,  he  inspires  the  unqualified 
respect  and  affection  of  his  friends,  and  he  is  as 
faithful  to  them  as  they  are  attached  to  him.  Few 
men  in  the  city  where  he  has  long  resided  have 
gained  so  completely  the  confidence  of  their  fellow 
citizens. 

As  a  lawyer  he  is  exact  and  thorough,  and  exhaust- 
ive in  all  his  work.  He  has  been  employed  in  some 
very  important  cases.  His  mental  habits  are  so 
judicial,  that,  in  the  judgment  of  his  professional 
brethien,  he  should  have  been  elevated  long  since,  to 
the  Bench  of  one  of  the  highest  courts. 

He  has  taken  much  interest  in  the  ecclesiastical 
aftairs  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  both  in  the  lower 
and  the  higher  judicatures.  Very  few  laymen  have 
been  elected  so  often  to  the  General  Assembly.  He  has 
been  a  commissioner  to  the  Assembly  eight  times, 
and  has  been  most  efficient  and  useful  as  a  member 
of  important  committees.  In  the  Assembly  of  1882, 
he  was  chairman  of  the  Judicial  Committee,  a 
position  not  often  assigned  to  a  layman.  He  has  been 
greatly  interested  in  "systematic  beneficence,"  and 
has  collated  and  published  some  exceedingly  valuable 
statistics,  and  has  written  some  very  able,  practical, 
and  convincing  articles  on  the  subject.  These  eccle- 
siastical services  of  Mr.  Clarke  illustrate  how  much 
more  useful  and  influential  our  ruling  elders  might 
be,  if  their  office  and  influence  were  more  frequently 
recognized. 

Mr.  Clarke  has  been  very  greatly  int<'rested  iu 
Westminster  Church,  Detroit,  since  its  foundation, 
in  1857.  In  1882,  the  qimrter  centennial  of  the 
church  was  celel>rated.  Mr.  Clarke  delivered  an 
historical  address,  and  on  the  occasion,  received 
tokens  of  esteem  and  afiectionate  regard   from  the 


congregation,  which  were  as  gratefully  and  sincerely 
given,  as  they  were  unusual  and  unexpected. 

Clemens,  Rev.  "William,  was  born  in  Wheel- 
ing, Virginia,  September  13th,  1825.  Graduated  at 
Wa.shington  College,  Pa. ,  -n-ith  the  honors  of  the  Insti- 
tution, in  1849,  studied  theology  at  Princeton,  and 
was  licensed  and  ordained  as  an  evangelist  by  the 
Presbytery  of  Washingtou,  June  14th,  1853.  Our 
Board  of  Foreign  Missions  then  appointed  him  to  the 
mission,  then  recently  commenced,  at  Corisco,  on 
the  western  coast  of  Africa,  which  he  reached,  Decem- 
cember  23d.  Here  he  shrank  from  no  ser^^ce  or  self- 
denial,  or  exposure  of  health  or  life,  that  duty  seemed 
to  demand.  In  1857  an  attack  of  malignant  African 
fever  so  shattered  his  constitution  that  a  visit  to 
America  was  deemed  necessary  to  his  restoration, 
and  during  his  sojourn  in  this  country  he  published, 
for  the  use  of  the  mission,  the  gospel  of  Matthew  and 
the  Shorter  Catechism  in  the  Benga  language,  besides 
often  pleading  the  cause  of  the  poor  heathen  in  pub- 
lic. In  January,  1859,  with  greatly  improved  health, 
he  again  sailed  from  New  York  for  his  chosen  and 
much  loved  field  of  labor,  and  arrived  at  Corisco, 
April  25th.  He  died,  June  24th,  1862,  whilst  prose- 
cuting, on  ij,  voyage,  his  missionary  work,  and  his 
corpse  was  committed  to  the  sea.  Mr.  Clemens  was 
a  practical  man,  able  to  turn  every  executive  power 
to  good  advantage.  He  was  distinguished  liy  great 
humility.  He  was  fearless  ;  the  course  of  dut.y  was 
always  in  his  view  a  safe  course.  He  was  wholl_y 
devoted  to  his  work  as  a  missionary,  having  no  other 
object  in  view,  and  he  was  successful  in  promoting 
the  great  cause.  His  faith  was  strong.  This  was 
his  ^^ctory  over  the  world.  By  faith  he  walked  Avith 
God,  by  faith  he  served  his  generation  according  to 
the  will  of  God,  and  then  received  a  conqueror's 
crown. 

Cobb,  Rev.  Archibald  Parritt,  was  born  at 
Par.sippany,  Morris  county,  N.  J.,  Xovember9th,  1821. 
He  graduated  at  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  iu  1850, 
und  at  Princeton  Seminary  in  1853.  For  one  and  a 
half  years,  1853-55,  he  was  a  Tutor  in  Princeton  Col- 
lege. He  was  licensed  by  Newark  Presbytery,  April 
20th,  1853,  and  was  ordained  an  evangelist  by  the 
same  Presbytery,  April  19th,  1854.  While  a  Tutor  at 
Princeton,  he  served,  as  stated  supply,  the  Witlier- 
spoon  street  (colored)  Church  in  that  i)lace.  J'ncom- 
ing  pastor  of  the  South  Chunh,  riiiladclphia,  Decem- 
ber 23d,  1855,  he  labored  faithfully  at  that  post  until 
released,  October  10th,  1861.  He  was  installed  pastor 
of  the  Tennent  Church,  near  Freehold,  Slonmonth 
county,  N.  J.,  August  8th,  1863,  and  laborc<l  tlicrc^ 
with  remarkable  assiduity  and  success  for  .seventeen 
and  a  half  years,  until  his  death,  which  occurred 
February  2(!th,  1881,  and  which  was  marked  by  ])cr- 
fect  snl)mi.ssiou  to  the  divine  will,  and  the  enjoyment 
of  great  faith,  peace  and  hope  in  Christ. 

Mr.  Cobb  was  a  most  godly  and  useful  man.  All 
acknowledged  his  extraordinary  Clients,  enjoyed  his 


COBB. 


147 


COFFIN. 


preaching,  and  admired  him  as  an  earnest  and  de- 
voted minister.  He  was  an  indefatigable  worker, 
toiling  unceasingly,  even  when  weali  in  body,  and  ex- 
hibiting an  apostolic  consecration  to  the  duties  of  his 
ministry.  His  jx'Ople  loved  their  jiastor  devotedly. 
Cobb,  Thomas  R.  R.,  was  born  at  Cherry  Hill, 
Jefferson  county,  Georgia,  April  10th,  18-23.  He 
graduated  at  the  State  University  of  Georgia,  in  the 
class  of  1841,  foremost  among  his  classmates  in  the 
roll  of  merit.  He  studied  law,  and  no  sooner  was  he 
admitted  to  the  Bar,  than  he  attracted  the  attention 
of  tlie  members  of  the  profession  by  the  breadth  and 
accuracy  of  his  legal  kuowledge,  the  resoluteness  of 
his  purpose,  the  tlioroughness  of  his  preparation  in 
every  case  he  undertook,  and,  above  all,  his  fidelity 
to  the  ethics  of  his  high  vocation.  To  be  a  great 
lawyer,  a  Christian  lawyer,  was  the  height  of  his 
aspiration  ;  and  to  attain  this  end, — supreme  to  his 
ambition  among  earthly  things — ^his  acute  instincts 
taught  hira  to  be  a  man  who  feared  God  and  wrought 
riglitcousness  in  all  his  public  and  private  relations. 
The  liasis  of  his  reputation  was  the  appreciative 
opinion  of  his  professional  brethren.  On  no  other 
foundation  would  he  l)uild.  Ou  this  he  did  build. 
And  the  superstructure,  which  rose  so  rapidly  within 
less  than  twenty  years,  is  the  monument  that  per- 
petuates his  worth  in  Georgia. 

As  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  he  was  a 
man  of  strong  convictions,  liberal  .symijathies,  and 
large  views  as  to  Cliristian  energy  and  enterprise. 
No  interest  of  theChiuch  escaped  his  attention;  none 
stopped  short  of  the  central  warmth  in  his  generous 
heart,  and  in  all  he  was  the  accredited  leader,  to 
whom,  every  one  looked  without  a  taint  of  envy  or 
rivalry.  Often,  after  a  day  of  hard  work  in  the 
Court-room,  he  would  be  found  at  a  village  prayer 
meeting,  or  in  some  other  ministry  of  self-sacrificing 
piety,  intent  on  doing  good,  intent  only  on  that,  and 
ne\er  consulting  his  own  tastes  and  gratifications 
in  tlie  work  tliat  he  did  for  Christ's  sake.  And  into 
all  and  each,  what  a  heart  of  truthful  and  ardent 
sjTiipathy  went  with  the  blessed  assurance  that  it 
would  have  ' '  free  course  ' '  and  be  ' '  glorified  ! ' ' 
And  "glorified  "  it  was  in  many  a  glad  result. 

Outside  of  the  immediate  sphere  of  the  Church  he 
was  untiringly  active  in  l)ehalf  of  education  and 
other  philanthropic  objects.  Whether  at  work  ou  a 
Digest  of  tlie  Statutes  of  the  State,  or  ■WTiting  essays 
in  behalf  of  a  State  Sj'stem  of  Education,  or  projios- 
iug  a  scheme  to  enlarge  the  University,  or  contribut- 
ing largely  of  his  means  to  build  the  "Lucy  Cobb 
InstUute,"  or  laboring  in  revivals,  he  was  the  same 
earnest  and  energetic  worker;  cheerful,  genial,  buoj'- 
ant,  under  tasks  to  which  few  men  are  adequate. 
The  force  of  his  temperament  seemed  well  nigh  inex- 
haustible. Such  a